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1

Lwowski Oddział Komisji do Badania Dziejów Wychowania i Szkolnictwa w Polsce (1920-1929)

100%

Hoszowska M.

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tom R. 60, nr 4

7--35

EN

This article deals with the co-operation among the Lvov historians studying education system and upbringing within the ministry’s Board for Studies on the History of Upbringing and Education in Poland, operating between 1919 and 1929. Its management was seated in Cracow and it was led by the president of the Polish Academy of Learning, Kazimierz Morawski. As far as the co-operation between the Lvov division and the Cracow headquarters is concerned, the publishing, personal and organizational issues were of the main importance. The first ones were the source of tension connected with far greater expectations for publishing works by the members of the division than it was possible considering the existing Board funds. The leading project undertaken by the Lvov historians, i.e. the history of Galician education system, was not realized, although works had been initiated. The issue of this ambitious endeavour influenced the management’s attitude towards the members of the Lvov division. It was impossible to become more effective due to lack of funds and personal conflicts. In Lvov there were not many fully professional researchers dealing with the history of education and upbringing, thus delays in approving candidates by the headquarters were treated as an obstacle to the works of the division. Its members did not compare their organization to the newly founded divisions in Poznan, Lublin and Vilnius but they referred their potential to Cracow and Warsaw, stating that their efforts were underestimated. The first president of the Lvov division, Kazimierz Twardowski gave up his post after less than two years. His successor, Ferdinand Bostel resigned even faster. Establishing a federation of equal divisions with more representative management was proposed along with the possibility to have an independent publishing and personal policy. Issuing new publishing series (source materials and school monographs) was suggested. Co-operation in this matter between the Cracow headquarters and the ministry of education completely paralyzed the efforts of the Lvov-Warsaw fronde. However, the Lvov historians succeeded in organizing the 150th anniversary of the National Education Board and the death of Stanislaw Konarski celebrated in 1923 and commemorated with publishing a memorial book. After that there was a year-and-a-half break in the work of the division caused by the withdrawal of the most active members. The division was revived but Stanislaw Lempicki’s efforts aiming at enlivening works in the second half of the 1920s did not bring satisfactory results. The horrible situation of the Board deprived of the ministry’s grants and the possibility to print publications meant mere vegetation of the divisions. All this indicated a still relatively weak integration of the circles of Polish education and upbringing historians.

2

Habilitacja z pedagogiki w II Rzeczypospolitej

86%

Przeniosło M.

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2016

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nr 1

41-55

PL

W historii szkolnictwa wyższego w II Rzeczypospolitej przeprowadzanie habilitacji jest problemem interesującym chociażby ze względu na znaczne różnice ze współczesną procedurą. Główne jej zasady w okresie międzywojennym określono w ustawach o szkołach akademickich. Przygotowując niniejszy tekst, chciano zarówno przeanalizować zasady przeprowadzania habilitacji, jak i zbadać konkretne procedury, by ustalić ich liczbę w przypadku pedagogiki oraz trudności w ich przebiegu. Habilitację przeprowadzano na podstawie jednej wydrukowanej pracy naukowej i uzyskanego wcześniej stopnia doktora, bez konieczności posiadania innego dorobku naukowego, choć ten zwykle brano pod uwagę. Dawała ona jedynie prawo do wykładania danego przedmiotu jako docent. Z pedagogiki i dyscyplin pokrewnych habilitacji przeprowadzono niewiele, na uczelniach państwowych tylko 18. Podobnie było i w innych dyscyplinach.

3

Polskie czasopisma naukowe o profilu historyczno-oświatowym w XX i na początku XXI wieku

72%

Kalinowska-Witek B.

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nr 4

23-38

EN

Introduction: During the interwar period, the first attempts were made to create the historical-educational journals. It was not until after World War II that the intentions were realized. Currently, there are three of educational-historical journal on the publishing market. Research Aim: The aim of the consideration is to show the history of the origin and development of Polish historical-educational periodicals and to bring closer the issues raised in them. An important role in building the position of these periodicals on the publishing market was played by editors and people who formed editorial committees. Method: The research covers the creation and functioning of periodicals with historical and educational profile, published in Poland in the twentieth century. The method of critical analysis of the content of the magazines was applied and the literature on the subject was reviewed. Evidence-based Facts: The Polish science periodicals with a historical and educational profile are valued by specialists thanks to the commitment of the editors and attention to the high substantive level of the published texts. They also enjoy the interest of researchers. Summary: The journals established after World War II are still functioning today. They enable those involved in the history of education and upbringing to publish the results of their own investigations, and the articles posted provide inspiration for further scientific research. It would be worthwhile to disseminate knowledge about the above-mentioned journals among teachers to a greater extent than before.

PL

Wprowadzenie: W okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego podjęto pierwsze próby tworzenia czasopism o profilu historyczno-oświatowym. Dopiero po II wojnie światowej udało się zrealizować zamierzenia. Obecnie na rynku wydawniczym funkcjonują trzy takie czasopisma. Cel badań: Celem rozważań jest ukazanie historii powstania i rozwoju polskich czasopism historyczno-oświatowych oraz przybliżenie poruszanej w nich problematyki. Ważną rolę w budowaniu pozycji tych periodyków na rynku wydawniczym odegrali redaktorzy i osoby tworzące komitety redakcyjne. Metoda badań: Problematyka badań obejmuje powstanie i funkcjonowanie czasopism o profilu historyczno-oświatowym, ukazujących się w Polsce w XX wieku. Zastosowano metodę krytycznej analizy treści czasopism oraz dokonano przeglądu poświęconej im literatury. Stan wiedzy: Polskie czasopisma naukowe o profilu historyczno-oświatowym cieszą się dużym uznaniem specjalistów dzięki zaangażowaniu redakcji i dbałości o wysoki poziom merytoryczny zamieszczanych tekstów. Cieszą się też zainteresowaniem badaczy. Podsumowanie: Czasopisma utworzone po II wojnie światowej funkcjonują do dzisiaj. Umożliwiają osobom zajmującym się problematyką historii oświaty i wychowania publikację wyników własnych dociekań, a zamieszczane artykuły stanowią inspirację do dalszych badań naukowych. Warto byłoby w szerszym niż dotychczas stopniu rozpropagować wiedzę na temat wyżej wymienionych czasopism w środowisku nauczycieli.

4

Towarzystwo Uniwersytetów Ludowych RP (1945-1948) - przyczynek do powojennej historii uniwersytetów ludowych

72%

Maliszewski T.

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nr 4

191-203

EN

The article analyzes selected threads from the history of the Folk High Schools of the Republic of Poland Society (in Polish: Towarzystwo Uniwersytetów Ludowych Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej), which operated in the years 1945-1948. It was an independent educational organization that coordinated the activities of folk high schools in the first years after World War II – that is, the period in which these institutions reached the peak of their development in Poland, based on pre-war experience and preparatory work carried out during the occupation. Unfortunately, as a result of top-down political decisions, the Society was first merged with another organization into the Society of Workers' and People's University (in Polish: Towarzystwo Uniwersytetu Robotniczego i Ludowego), and finally it was liquidated in 1950.

PL

W artykule poddano analizie wybrane wątki z historii Towarzystwa Uniwersytetów Ludowych Rzeczpospolitej Polskiej, które działało w latach 1945-1948. Była to niezależna organizacja społeczna koordynująca działalność internatowych uniwersytetów ludowych w pierwszych latach po II wojnie światowej czyli w okresie, w którym - na bazie doświadczeń przedwojennych i prac przygotowawczych przeprowadzonych w okresie okupacji - osiągnęły one apogeum swojego rozwoju na ziemiach polskich. Niestety w wyniku odgórnych decyzji politycznych Towarzystwo zostało najpierw połączone z inną organizacją w Towarzystwo Uniwersytetu Robotniczego i Ludowego, by w roku 1950 ulec całkowitej likwidacji.

5

Katedra i Zakład Historii Kultury i Oświaty Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego (1920–2020)

72%

Stinia M.

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tom 58

133-158

EN

The centenary of the establishment of the Department for the History of Polish Culture at the Jagiellonian University is a good opportunity to recall the scientific achievements in this discipline. In Galicia, in the second half of the 19th century, research on the history of education, literature and culture was conducted at the Academy of Arts and Sciences, founded in 1872, and the Jagiellonian University, where Stanisław Tarnowski, Ignacy Chrzanowski, Kazimierz Morawski, Józef Szujski, Wacław Szujski, Antoni Karbowiak, Jan Ptaśnik, Jan Leniek and others delivered lectures. However, it was not until Stanisław Kot’s scientific activity that he was appointed associate professor at the Department for the History of Polish Culture at the Jagiellonian University in 1920. His seminar on the history of culture has enjoyed significant popularity and was attended by students of various political orientations and national identities. Between 1925 and 1939, Kot promoted 22 doctors and four of his students obtained habilitation. Due to his political involvement, the Sanation authorities, introducing a new law on academic schools in 1933, decided to abolish his chair. After the Second World War and a short diplomatic episode as an ambassador in Rome from 1945 to 1947, Kot remained in exile. In Kraków, research on the history of culture and education was continued by his students, Henryk Barycz and Jan Hulewicz. The administrative and human resources structure of their teams was changed several times. In 1971, the Department for the History of Education and Culture was established. After Barycz’s retirement, it was consecutively managed by Jan Hulewicz, Kamilla Mrozowska, Renata Dutkowa, Julian Dybiec, Andrzej Banach and Krzysztof Stopka. Currently, the entity bears the name of the Department for the History of Culture and Education. Its six employees carry out extensive research in the fields of cultural history, the history of science and education as well as the history of Polish Armenians.

6

Education management as an exact science (Russia, first half of the nineteenth century)

72%

Vishlenkova E.

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tom R. 63, nr 4

93--114

EN

The author reveals an essence of bureaucratic knowledge by means of which the nature of educational management (of schools and universities) in the Russian Empire in the 1830s was changed. The article shows the difference between bureaucratic and scientific knowledge. The author proves that the organization of regular and universal data collection (in the form of reports and references) has created a system of collective responsibility, general employment, vertical circulation of information. At the same time, the content of the created knowledge did not infl uence the decisions of the Ministry of Public Education. Disciplinary and representative aspects of this practice - humility of professors and teachers participating in it, timely implementation of the instructions coming from above, the consistency shown in tables and the text of digital indicators were much more important for bureaucrats. Collected data were used by the Ministry to showcase the efficiency of control it exercised.

7

Ideały wychowawcze w edukacji oświeceniowej (w perspektywie historii intelektualnej). Z dziejów Komisji Edukacji Narodowej

72%

Janeczek S.

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nr 2

5-37

PL

Artykuł omawia ideały wychowawcze w szkołach Komisji Edukacji Narodowej (KEN) w dobie oświecenia na tle europejskim. Wykorzystuje metody historii kultury intelektualnej (intellectual history), które umożliwiają poszerzenie tradycyjnej historii oświaty i wychowania o wymiar społeczno-kulturowy. Działania Komisji, podobnie jak poprzedzające ją reformy przeprowadzone w Rzeczypospolitej na gruncie szkolnictwa kościelnego w połowie XVIII wieku, wpisują się w analogiczne zmiany na gruncie ogólnoeuropejskim. Podobny był ich duch, godzący nowożytny utylitaryzm – odpowiedni do potrzeb absolutystycznych państw, które przejmowały troskę o oświatę od grup wyznaniowych – z integralną wizją szkoły, w której elementem fundamentalnym jest wychowanie moralne zespolone z religijnym. Mimo przejawów pewnego racjonalizmu i naturalizmu w duchu epoki religia pozostała fundamentem moralności, a ta podstawą ładu społecznego. Artykuł potwierdza ideę tzw. długiego trwania (longue durée), ukazując ciągłość wychowawczą w szkole nowożytnej, mimo odmiennych deklaracji ideowych.

XX

This paper discusses the ideals of education present in the schools of the Commission of National Education (Pol. KEN) in the period of the Enlightenment against the backdrop of Europe. It applies the methods of intellectual history which permit to expand the traditional history of education and formation by the social and cultural dimensions. The activities of the Commission, like the preceding reforms in the mid-eighteenth century Polish Republic (based on church education), are part and parcel of the European reforms. They were similar in terms of their spirit that combined a critical approach to modern utilitarianism—appropriate to the needs of the absolutist states that were concerned about education in the manner of religious groups— with an integral vision of school whose fundamental element was moral formation in combination with religious formation. Despite certain manifestations of rationalism and naturalism in line with the spirit of the epoch, religion remained the foundation of morality, and the latter in turn was the foundation of social order. This paper confirms the idea of the so-called long duration (longue durée), and shows that in spite of different ideological declarations we observe educational continuity in the modern school.

8

Società Pro Cultura Femminile (1911–2002) i jej animatorka Lea Mei (1880–1961)

58%

Piskurewicz J.

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2023

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tom 60

67-81

EN

The article discusses the genesis, creation and activities of probably the most active Italian women’s organization in the 20th century. Societá Pro Cultura Femminile operated for almost a hundred years in many areas of social activity, enabling hundreds of its members to become acquainted with European cultural heritage and providing an important impetus for Italian women’s fight for their rights. Much space was also devoted to the outstanding activist of the association and its long-time president, Lea Mei, thanks to whom the association developed harmonious and undisturbed, despite sometimes unfavorable political and social conditions.

9

Nauki dla wyzwolenia w okresie Upaniszad, czyli u źródeł hinduskiej edukacji religijno-filozoficznej

58%

Nowicki M.

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tom 56

67-80

EN

The article presents the issue of religious and philosophical education in India during the Upanishadic period. It starts by placing the discussed phenomenon in the context of the history of ideas and the evolution of literature from the Vedas, through the Brahmanas and the Aranyakas, to the Upanishads. A proper analysis of the issue ensues by showing the reasons for the popularity of such education in India. In fact, it stems from the purpose of human life. The Upanishads are highly educational texts in both their philosophical and practical layers. Consequently, they were used to describe the teachings and methods which over time came close to the teachings of Samkhya and Yoga.