Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Two generalizations of the Hardy-Weinberg law in population genetics

100%

Stark A. E.

Mathematica Applicanda

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1977

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tom 5

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nr 9

PL

Artykuł nie zawiera streszczenia

EN

The article contains no abstract

2

Analysis of microsatellite instability and loss of heterozygosity in breast cancer with the use of a well characterized multiplex system

88%

Powierska-Czarny J. , Miscicka-Sliwka D. , Czarny J. , Grzybowski T. , Wozniak M. , Drewa G. , Czechowicz W. , Sir J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2003

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tom 50

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nr 4

EN

Analysis of microsatellite instability (MI) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) is recommended for screening patients with sporadic and hereditary malignancies. This study shows an application of a fluorescent hexaplex PCR system for microsatellite typing on A.L.F. DNA Sequencer (Pharmacia Biotech). This technique detects changes in microsatellites providing a time-efficient, reliable and accurate method for MI and LOH analyses. The Fragment Manager software was used for automated size calculation and quantitation of DNA fragments, enabling rapid and precise measurement of allelic ratios. We examined 70 breast cancer and 70 control DNA specimens, classified all the patterns of microsatellite alterations, and set up MI and LOH assessment criteria for the automated multiplex fluorescent method.

3

Loss of heterozygosity at BRCA1-2 loci in hereditary and sporadic ovarian cancers

75%

Brozek I. , Ochman K. , Debniak J. , Morzuch L. , Ratajska M. , Stepnowska M. , Stukan M. , Emerich J. , Limon J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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2009

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tom 50

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nr 4

379-384

EN

Loss of heterozygosity at BRCA 1/2 loci in breast and ovarian tumors is a suggested risk factor for germline BRCA1/2 mutation status. We evaluated the presence of losses of selected microsatellite markers localized on chromosomes 17 and 13q in hereditary and sporadic ovarian tumors. 151 consecutive primary ovarian tumors (including 21 with BRCA1/2 mutations and 130 without the mutations) were screened for loss of heterozygosity at loci on chromosomes 17 and 13q. Losses of heterozygosity of at least one microsatellite marker localized on chromosomes 17 and 13q were revealed in 123 (81.5%) and 104 (68.9%) tumors, respectively. Losses of all informative markers on chromosomes 17 and 13 occurred in 30 (19.9%) and 31 (20.5%) tumors, respectively. There was no difference in the frequency of losses at BRCA1 intragenic markers (D17S855 and D17S1323) between BRACA1-positive and BRCA1-negative patients. The frequency of losses on chromosome 17 was higher in high-grade than in low-grade carcinomas. Loss of heterozygosity on chromosomes 17 and 13q is a frequent phenomenon in both hereditary and sporadic ovarian cancers. The frequency of losses at BRCAl intragenic markers in the ovarian tumor tissue is not strongly related to the presence of BRCAl germline mutations.

4

Fluctuating asymmetry and allozyme variability in an isolated springbok Antidorcas marsupialis population from the Chelmsford Nature Reserve

75%

Grobler P. J. , Taylor P. J. , Pretorius M. D. , Anderson C. P.

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tom 44

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nr 2

EN

Allozyme variability and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) in skull morphology were used to test the hypothesis of inbreeding in an isolated springbok Antidorcas marsupialis fZimmermann, 1780) population from the Chelmsford Nature Reserve, South Africa. Of 39 loci studied in a sample of 30 animals, five displayed allelic polymorphism. Average heterozygosity of 1.8% was not appreciably lower than a value of 2% calculated for 49 animals from a control group from Beniontein Game Farm in the Northern Cape Province, South Africa. Proportion of polymorphic loci and average number of alleles per locus were identical in both populations (10.3% and 1.1). Morphological analysis contradicted the prediction of increased fluctuating asymmetry due to the likelihood of inbreeding in a small, isolated population, with FA almost always higher in the control compared to Chelmsford. Chelmsford animals were however smaller than control animals for seven out of 9 cranial and horn variables analysed (significantly so in four cases), hich could conceivably be explained by environmental influences. It is concluded that loss of genetic diversity is not a problem in the Chelmsford springbok population, although this does not negate the possibility that physical deformities occurring in the population may indeed be genetically induced.

5

Developmental stability and canalization of limb bones of brown hares Lepus europaeus with varying levels of heterozygosity

75%

Sert H. , Suchentrunk F. , Ludescher B. , Hacklander K.

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nr 2

EN

We have studied fluctuating asymmetry (FA), as indicator of developmental stability, and between-individual variation, as surrogate of developmental canalization (DC), in long bones (humerus, ulna, radius, femur, tibia) of 72 wild-living adult-sized brown haresLepus europaeus Pallas, 1778 with variable individual heterozygosity (H).H was calculated from 13 polymorphic allozyme loci. According to the “over-dominance hypothesis”, we expected increased developmental stability and canalization at higherH-levels. But at the individual level we did not find any significant correlation between overall FA (FAI) andH. Also, standard deviations (SD) of mean length (over both body sides) of bones did not differ between individuals from two intentionally created groups of hares, namely one with high and one with lowH. FA-indices and variances of FA-indices of bone lengths did not differ significantly when compared between two intentionally created groups of hares with high and low SD of bone lengths, respectively. These latter findings suggest that developmental stability and DC are two separate or partly separate mechanisms of developmental homeostasis in the studied appendicular skeleton, and thatH has no traceable effect on develop-mental homeostasis. If there is still such an effect, it should be clearly smaller than a possibly combined effect of (presently uncontrolled) environmental stressors.

6

Sympatric speciation - a report on results of computer experiment

75%

Fialkowski K. R.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

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1992

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tom 40

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nr 2

7

Morphological asymmetry in mammals: genetics and homeostasis reconsidered

75%

Novak J. M. , Rhodes O. E. , Smith M. H. , Chesser R. K.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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1993

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tom 38

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nr 2

EN

It has been hypothesized that developmental stability is increased at higher levels of genetic variability (heterozygosity) in animals. However, the existence of this relationship is questionable for homeotherms in general and mammals in particular. The difference between the sides of a bilateral character in an individual is a measure of fluctuating asymmetry that can be used as a measure of the developmental stability of mammals. Increased developmental stability should result in a greater degree of similarity between the right and left side of the body even though environmental variability would tend to increase the differences between right and left sides of the body. It is necessary to separate the effects of the three types of asymmetry so that an accurate estimate of the variance attributable to fluctuating asymmetry can be made. In addition, many early studies of asymmetry in poikilotherms used meristic characters (such as scale counts), and these types of characters are not easily studied in mammals. Mammals, because of their precise regulation of body temperature show little phenotypic effect of environmental variability, and thus may exhibit low absolute levels of asymmetry. Mammals may also be able to reduce the level of asymmetry during their prolonged intrauterine development and juvenile growth period. The literature is reviewed relative to relationships between genetic variation and asymmetry in mammals. Hypotheses are reviewed as they relate to the relationship between fluctuating asymmetry and heterozygosity observed in previous studies. Finally, recommendations are put forth regarding the design and interpretation of future research into the relationship between developmental homeostasis and genetic variability.

8

Inbreeding and outbreeding impact on developmental stability of laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus

75%

Borisov V. I. , Valetsky A. V. , Dmitrieva I. L. , Krushinskaya N. L. , Zakharov V. M.

Acta Theriologica. Supplement

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1997

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nr 04

EN

Developmental stability analysis was conducted for three strains of laboratory rat Rattus norvegicus Berkenhout, 1769 and their hybrids. Developmental stability was estimated by fluctuating asymmetry of 20 characters of skull morphology. A decrease was revealed in fluctuating asymmetry for the inbred strains and for the hybrids of genetically different strains. There were not any differences in fluctuating asymmetry between the homo- and heterozygotes for the separate locus. This support the hypothesis of the dependence of developmental stability on general genetic coadaptation.

9

Relationship and genetic diversity of mistletoe [Viscum album L.] subspecies

63%

Mejnartowicz L.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2006

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tom 75

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nr 1

39-49

EN

With the help of 21 putative isoenzyme loci, the genetic diversity and variations of Viscum album ssp. album L. from 42 species, subspecies, varieties and hybrids of broadleaf trees, Viscum album ssp. austriacum (Wiesb.) Vollmann, from 4 populations of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and Viscum album ssp. abietis (Wiesb.) Abromeit, from 8 populations of European silver fir (Abies alba Mill.) were analyzed. On the dendrogram, the three investigated subspecies form three clusters, each clearly separated from the other, so we suggest a revision of the systematic nomenclature proposed to take into consideration a return to an earlier system of dividing the European mistletoe into three species: Viscum album L., Viscum abietis Beck, and Viscum laxum Boiss. et Reut. From among the 21 tested loci only one locus, SOD-A, was monomorphic. The average number of actual alleles (Na) and effective alleles (Ne) was 2.23 and 1.61 respectively. The observed heterozygosity (Ho) varied from 0.199 in V. album ssp. abietis to 0.345 in the V.a. ssp. album populations. Average FST = 0.277 indicates that about 28% of genetic differentiation is due to an interpopulation diversity of Viscum album populations. There is a small gene flux between Viscum album populations with only one immigrant successfully entering a population per two generations (Nm = 0,653).

10

Analiz geneticeskoj struktury Ukrainskih cesujcatyh i ramcatyh karpov Antoninsko-Zozuleneckogo tipa

63%

Grytsiniak I. , Nagornyuk T. , Mariutsa A. , Tarasjuk S.

Roczniki Naukowe Zootechniki

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2013

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tom 40

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nr 2

11

Genetic variation of Salmo trutta L. populations from the catchment areas of the Rega, Parseta and Wieprza rivers evaluated by RAPD and SSR markers

63%

Achrem M. , Skuza L. , Kirczuk L. , Domagala J. , Pilecka-Rapacz M. , Czerniawski R.

Folia Biologica

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2015

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tom 63

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nr 1

12

Characterisation of cross-amplified microsatellite markers in the red-breasted flycatcher Ficedula parva

63%

Mitrus J. , Mitrus C. , Rutkowski R. , Sikora M. , Suchecka E.

Annales Zoologici

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2013

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tom 63

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nr 4

EN

We tested 24 microsatellite markers for the red-breasted flycatcher, Ficedula parva, using the primers for the PCR reaction described for other species from genus Ficedula. The amplification efficiency, specificity of the products, and polymorphism of cross-amplified microsatellites were determined based on the genotypes of 65 adult males from a natural population breeding in Białowieża Forest (Eastern Poland). Based on obtained results, we identified 9 highly polymorphic microsatellites, consistently amplifying in majority of individuals. Among those markers between 4 and 26 alleles per locus (mean 15.4) were found and the observed heterozygosity ranged from 0.393 to 0.939. The majority of loci (except for Fhy350 and Fhy458) were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Accordingly, the values of F IS did not significantly differ from zero 0, except for the locus Fhy350. We suggest that this locus could be loaded with high frequency of null alleles. The polymorphic information content (PIC) for the selected loci set was high and in all cases exceeded 0.82. In addition, we calculated, for each locus, the probability of excluding an improper parent. In majority of loci this parameter distinctly exceeded 0.5. These results demonstrate that tested microsatellite markers can be used to estimate the genetic variability within- and between populations and to establish paternity and parenthood in red-breasted flycatcher populations.

13

Genetic characterization of Polish cultured brook trout, Salvelinus fontinalis (Mitchill), based on microsatellite DNA analysis

63%

Foop-Bayat D. , Jankun M. , Kuzminski H.

Archives of Polish Fisheries

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2010

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tom 18

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nr 2

14

Impact of forest management on genetic diversity of Quercus petraea populations: a case study from the Krivoklatsko Protected Landscape Area (Czech Republic)

63%

Pospiskova M. , Dostalek J.

Biodiversity: Research and Conservation

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2009

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tom 13

15

Relationships between allozyme heterozygosity and gut morphology in Apodemus agrarius

63%

Borkowska A. , Ratkiewicz M.

Acta Theriologica

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1996

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tom 41

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nr 4

EN

We studied enzyme polymorphisms in a striped field mouse Apodemus agrarius (Pallas, 1771) population from NE Poland and the relationships between heterozygosity and length and mass of the digestive tract organs, and the mucosal surface area of the small intestine. _Most of 38 loci studied were found monomorphic (proportion of polymorphic loci P = 0.053, observed average heterozygosity H0 = 0.021). Heterozygotes were found for Acy, Pgm-1, Mdh-2, Est-D, Pgi, Sdh and Trf. Heterozygous males had longer large intestines and ceca and smaller liver wet mass than their homozygous conterparts. However, in females there were no significant interactions between heterozygosity and gut parameters. We suggest that the low level of polymorphism, the particular set of the loci examined and sex have an effect on detection of differences between heterozygous and homozygous individuals.

16

Non-isotopic procedure with silver staining of polyacrylamide gels in detection of genomic abnormalities in tumors using microsatellites

63%

Podolski J. , Hadaczek P. , Gibas Z. , Gibas L. , Grossman H. B. , Limon J. , Huebner K. , Lubinski J.

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tom 33

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nr 2

17

Importance of genetic analysis of Abies alba population for forest breeding

63%

Mejnartowicz L.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie. Sesja Naukowa

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2007

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tom 92

18

Allozymic variation in the European polecat Mustela putorius from western France

63%

Lode T.

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tom 44

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nr 2

EN

Allozymic variation was surveyed in 21 European polecats Mustela putorius Linnaeus, 1758 from western France, using starch gel electrophoresis. Fourteen loci were successfully examined and genetic variation was detected at 28.6% of the loci at the 0.05 level. Heterozygosity level averaged 0.082. European polecats from western France clearly showed significant levels of genetic variability. This result contrasts with previously reported analyses from Danish populations.

19

Genetic analysis of silver-fir populations in the North Carpathian and Sudeten Mountains

63%

Mejnartowicz L.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2004

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tom 73

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nr 4

EN

Seeds collected from individual trees in the 16 Carpathian and 2 Sudeten silver-fir (Abies alba) populations were studied with the starch gel electrophoresis in megagametophytes using 14 enzyme systems with 28 loci. The results show that the geographical distance between populations are in a small part reflected in genetic distances. There are two main groups of populations: Sudeten and Carpathian with a very big genetic distance between them. Other populations consist of a few small groups with low gene flow between them (Nm = 3.286). About 80% of genetic variation is located within populations (FST = 0.223). Average values for genetic multiplicity and diversity for Carpathian populations are as follows: number of alleles per locus: Na = 2.308, with effective number of alleles Ne = 1.552 and proportion of polymorphic loci 71.21%. The mean number of alleles per locus (Na) varied from 2.107 to 2.607 in population. The mean effective number of alleles per locus (Ne) ranged from 1.429 to 1.662. Average Fis for Carpathian populations was -0.021, which means that there is small excess of heterozygotes. The average observed heterozygosity amounted to Ho = 0.275 and expected heterozygosity was He = 0.269. The dendrogram structure and presence of rare alleles found in silver-fir of Czech, and Slovakian populations allow for a hypothesis that in postglaciation the silver-fir moved into the Polish Carpathians not westward from the east but from the south along river valleys from some Balkan refuges, getting North bypassing the High Tatra Range. This way, a highly diversified set of populations originated, differ in the presence of rare alleles. This differentiation is not prevented by a relatively small flow of genes between populations. The calculated gene flow Nm = 3.286 also indicates isolation between the populations. It means 3.3 immigrants per generation into the studied populations.

20

The influence of OLA-DRB1 [MHC class II] gene polymorphism on lamb body weight and weight gain in Polish Heath Sheep

63%

Gruszczynska J. , Charon K. M. , Kitlinska J. , Szydlowski M.

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tom 41

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nr 2