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Changes in accumulation of heteroplasmic mitochondrial DNA and frequency of recombination via short repeats during plant lifetime in Phaseolus vulgaris

100%

Woloszynska M. , Gola E. M. , Piechota J.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

2012

tom 59

nr 4

703-709

Recombination via short repeats in plant mitochondrial genomes results in sublimons - DNA molecules with a copy number much lower compared to the main mitochondrial genome. Coexistence of stoichiometrically different mitotypes, called heteroplasmy, plays an important evolutionary role, since sublimons occasionally replace the main genome resulting in a new plant phenotype. It is not clear, how frequency of recombination and sublimon production is regulated and how it is related to changes in the quantity of the main genome and sublimons. We analyzed the accumulation of two recombining main genome sequences and two resulting sublimons in apical meristems, undifferentiated tissues and leaves of different age of Phaseolus vulgaris. Copy numbers of the main genome sequences varied greatly depending on tissue type and organ age while accumulation of sublimons remained much more stable. Although the overall accumulation of plant mtDNA decreased with the leaf age, the quantity of sublimons increased relative to the main genome indicating a higher frequency of recombination via the short 314 bp repeat. Recombination was symmetrical in young developing leaves while in senescent tissues it shifted towards asymmetric events resulting in overrepresentation of one product. We propose that during plant lifetime replication and recombination frequencies change oppositely sustaining heteroplasmic compositions of the genome, which are favorable for inheritance and maintenance of complex plant mtDNA.

Molecular characterization of atrazine resistance in common ragweed [Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.]

100%

Cseh A. , Cernak I. , Taller J.

Journal of Applied Genetics

2009

tom 50

nr 4

321-327

Common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.) is the most frequent weed in the Carpathian Basin and is spreading fast in other parts of Europe. In recent years, besides the wild type, a mutant genotype resistant to atrazine herbicides has evolved and is now widespread in many areas. The present study demonstrates that the atrazine resistance of ragweed is maternally inherited, and is caused by a point mutation in the psbA chloroplast gene. The promoter 5'-untranslated region and the open reading frame regions of the gene were analysed, and a homology search was performed. Both the atrazine-resistant and susceptible types of cpDNA were present in atrazine-resistant plants, while the mixed presence of both genotypes in the same plant, known as heteroplasmy, was not unequivocally detectable in susceptible plants.

Heteroplasmy of the length of mitochondrial DNA and variation in the population of Mytilus trossulus (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) from the Polish coast

84%

Pempera M. , Wenne R.

Folia Malacologica

1998

tom 06

nr 1-4