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The influences of meteorological and hydrological factors on the operation and performance of a semi-natural stormwater reservoir

100%

Wałęga A. , Młyński D. , Radecki-Pawlik A.

tom Vol. 8, Iss. 1

28--34

The aim of this research was to determine the influences of meteorological and hydrogeological factors on the water level of a rainwater storage and infiltration reservoir. The examined reservoir is located in the urban and industrial area of Krakow, on ground owned by the Polish State Railways (PKP), Kraków-Bieżanów branch. We analyzed a range of climatic (precipitation and evaporation) and hydrological factors (water stage in the reservoir and groundwater level) and their inter-relationships to determine their influences on the water depth regime in the storage and infiltration reservoir. Based on our results, the increase in the water table level in the reservoir is connected with the increase in the groundwater level and it is observed in the spring and summer periods, when meltwater and stormwater enter the reservoir. At the end of July, the groundwater table level increases because of excessive rainfall events. Throughout the entire experimental period, the reservoir was fed by infiltering groundwater from the upper parts of the basin. The water depth averages in the reservoir were closely correlated with the average groundwater table levels, the sum of precipitation from the week prior to the date of the examination of water depth in the reservoir, and the sum of potential evaporation in the given week.

Assessment of the WRF model in simulating a catastrophic flash flood

88%

Spiridonov V. , Ćurić M. , Grčić M. , Jakimovski B. , Spasovski M.

tom Vol. 71, no. 3

1347--1359

The present study examines the ability of the forecast (WRF) model to reproduce a heavy rainfall flash-flood event that hit the urban area of Skopje City, on August 6, 2016. A series of numerical experiments were carried out to evaluate the model’s performance in the simulation of this catastrophic event, which caused great material damage and the loss of 23 human lives. The simulations with the triple-nested WRF-ARW runs as well as the experiment using WRF-NMM dynamic core with the initial data of FNL GDAS showed better skills in a more precise qualitative and quantitative assessment of the total 24-h accumulated precipitation, the location and the relative intensities of rainfall. Explicit treatment of convection without parameterization significantly improves forecast accuracy and reduces forecast errors. The verification results, using standard tests, showed the model’s ability to reproduce the occurred flood. The correlation coefficient is higher for runs with explicit cumulus convection and 4 km resolution with the Yonsei PBL scheme and Thomson microphysics with aerosol climatology. In addition to the influence of the thermodynamic characteristics of the atmosphere, orographic forcing on the development of a strong mesosystem is of great importance for the intensification of convective cells and the production of large amounts of precipitation.

The effect of heavy precipitation on the infiltration and inflow into small sewage treatment plants in 2010

51%

Kaczor G.

2011

nr 12

The aim of the study was to determine the extent to which heavy rainfall, that occurred in 2010, affected the infiltration into the selected sewage treatment plants in the Małopolskie voivodeship. The research was conducted in four separate sewer systems, located in poviats adjacent to the city of Kraków, discharging sewage to mechanical-biological treatment plants with a capacity below 1000 m3•d-1. The amount of sewage and extraneous water in the average wet year (2008) were used as control. As a result of heavy precipitation in 2010 the sewer system A received 18 539 m3 more extraneous water than in 2008 (increase by 343%), the sewer sys-tem B - 22 822 m3 (increase by 163%), the sewer system C - 109 715 m3 (increase by 248%) and the sewer system D - 30 796 m3 (increase by 303%). Heavy precipitation in 2010 caused the increase of infiltration and inflow by 264% on average in all studied sewer systems compared to the average wet year. As the result of precipitation, whose annual total in 2010 was higher by 65% than the normal value in 2008, there was an increase in the annual share of extraneous water from 5.3 to 19.7% depending on the facility. The volume of extraneous water, which was discharged into the studied treatment plants in 2010 (the period of heavy rainfall), constituted the following share of the annual value: in the sewer system A - 41.3%, in the sewer system B - 21.2%, in the sewer system C - 14.4%, in the sewer system D - 22.9%. Assuming the average gross amount of 3 PLN paid for treatment of 1 m3 of sewage, cost of extraneous water disposal in 2010 amounted from 78 533 PLN to 552 165 PLN, depending on the facility. The results obtained in the present study suggest that eliminating or reducing infiltration and inflow into the analyzed sewer systems would allow for large financial savings associated with reducing costs both for their transport and treatment as well as for modernization of facilities to enhance their hydraulic eapacity.