Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

A review on pollution of water resources and its impact on health in South Asian Region: Pakistan

100%

Siddique M. , Wisdom U. C. , Asif M. , Elboughdiri N. , Hussain S. , Hasnain M. , Bhutto A. A.

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2023

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tom 51

98-111

EN

Water in Pakistan is contaminated by microbes and dangerous metals. Pakistan is one of the South Asian countries with the worst water pollution. The recommended limits for the various measures from the World Health Organization (WHO) are regularly disregarded. The lack of adequate maintenance and regulation of the drinking water quality in Pakistan puts the community's health in danger. The main goal of this review is to talk about water pollution by giving a general overview of the level of water pollution in Pakistan's rivers, significant sources of water pollution, significant pollutants involved in water pollution (like microbial contamination and heavy metal pollution), and significant pollutants' effects on human health. Urban areas are known to contribute to increased water pollution, health issues, river pollution, heavy metal contamination, etc. in Pakistan and other parts of the region. This hypothesis contends that urbanization and population pressures have an immediate effect on the environment, ecosystem, demand for freshwater, water supply pollution, and other issues. Because urban areas are major sources of pollution, there is a substantial interaction between urban areas and agriculture. The review's results were derived from several research that were accepted for publication in prominent journals with high-impact factors and in government reports from throughout the country. Additionally, the goal of the evaluation is to inspire decision-makers, those responsible for creating policies, researchers, and administrative divisions to begin useful initiatives and develop cutting-edge plans for ensuring clean and pure water. To protect the neighborhood and environment from an outbreak of infectious diseases on a global scale, urgent action must be taken to reduce additional contamination and improve the existing bodies of water.

2

Assessment of heavy metal pollution in roadside sediments in Benin City, Nigeria

75%

Ihenyen A.

Geologia / Akademia Górniczo-Hutnicza im. Stanisława Staszica w Krakowie

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1998

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tom T. 24, z. 3

187-197

EN

Heavy metal pollution levels in roadside drains (gutters) along minor and major motorways in Benin City is evaluated using 23 surface sediment samples from roadside drains. The following trace metals: Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr and Cu were studied. Results of univariante statistical analyses indicate a generally high trace metal concentration in all areas. The concentrations of Pb and Cu are particularly high in sediments from high density motorways. Medium and high density motorways sediments do not differ much in their Zn and Ni concentrations. The heavy metal Cr shows no glaring difference in concentration levels for all types of motorways. Multivariante technique involving cluster analysis classified the sample into three distinct groups corresponding to the type of motorways and approximate geographic location of the sampled areas. Anomalous concentrations of heavy metals in roadside drains are a source of worry since Benin City sits on the top of a prolific phreatic aquifer which is potentially vulnerable to high level of pollution

PL

Określono stężenia metali ciężkich (Pb, Zn, Ni, Cr i Cu) w osadach kanałów ściekowych wzdłuż dróg szybkiego ruchu w mieście Benin w Nigerii. Przy wysokiej koncentracji tych metali we wszystkich badanych obszarach, stężenia Pb i Cu są szczególnie wysokie w osadach z obszarów o dużym natężeniu ruchu drogowego; Zn i Ni nie różnią się pomiędzy obszarami o dużym i średnim natężeniu ruchu, a zawartość Cr w osadach jest taka sama przy wszystkich typach dróg. Wysokie stężenia metali ciężkich w osadach kanałów ściekowych są zagrożeniem dla zasobów wodnych Beninu, szczególnie w sytuacji lokalizacji tego miasta ponad poziomem wodonośnym, który jest przez to potencjalnie narażony na wysoki poziom tych chemicznych zanieczyszczeń

3

Response of birch and alder root endophytes as well as rhizosphere and bulk soil microorganisms to heavy metal pollution

63%

Zloch M. , Kowalkowski T. , Szymanska S. , Hrynkiewicz K.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2014

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tom 62

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nr 1

EN

Research on soil microorganisms associated with plant roots (endophytes) and their outside habitats (rhizosphere, soil) under exposure to high concentrations of heavy metals in the environment may contribute to an increased knowledge about the effects of unfavorable pollutants in the natural ecosystem and improve the efficiency of remediation processes of degraded soils. The main goal of our study was to evaluate properties of microbial populations inhabiting different but spatially closed habitats: interior of the tree roots – endophytes (Betula pendula L. and Alnus glutinosa L.), rhizosphere and soil not influenced by plant roots at two heavy metal polluted areas in southern Poland where the content of cadmium, lead and zinc ranged 9.2–14.9, 26.2–75.1 and 1080–1559 mg∙kg–1 of dried soil, respectively. In our experiment, we analyzed their density as well as determined the total metabolic activity and ability for utilization of different carbon sources. The density of endophytes (5.76–7.16 log10 c.f.u. × g dw–1) was higher than the density of bacteria inhabiting outside habitats – the rhizosphere and soil (5.43–5.91 and 5.08–5.57 log10 c.f.u. × g dw–1, respectively) and was not affected by heavy metal content. However, the total metabolic activity of endophytic populations was strongly influenced by the physicochemical properties of the soil and was significantly lower at more contaminated site. In general, the metabolic activity of endophytes was ~15 times lower than the activity of rhizobacteria and at the same level or lower than the activity of soil microorganisms. Discriminant analysis revealed a higher utilization of α-Cyclodextrin and D-Xylose by microorganisms isolated from more polluted test site. The use of an artificial neural network (ANN) followed by principal component analysis (PCA) allowed the distinguishing of preferences in the utilization of carbon sources by microorganisms due to tree species but not the zone of isolation – endophytes, rhizosphere, soil. Our study revealed no significant impact of the metal concentrations present in the soil on the density of microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) inhabiting three analyzed zones (interior of the roots, rhziosphere, soil); however, their total metabolic activity was decreased in more contaminated site. Since the density of endophytes was higher compared to the number of bacteria present in the outside habitats (rhizosphere and soil), and their total metabolic activity was in general lower, we suggest a high specialization of microorganisms associated with the cellular spaces of plant roots compared to other microbial populations.

4

Influence of lead (Pb2plus) on chloroplast distribution patterns in Lemna trisulca L. mesophyll cells in darkness

63%

Samardakiewicz S. , Suski S. , Gabrys H. , Wozny A.

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nr 3

5

Experimental chronic exposure of the Foraminifera Pseudotriloculina rotunda to zinc

63%

Nardelli M. P. , Sabbatini A. , Negri A.

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nr 3

6

Effects of physiological integration and phosphorus on spread of Alternanthera philoxeroides from soil to chromium-contaminated aquatic habitats

63%

Xu L. , Wu X.

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tom 66

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nr 4

EN

Aquatic ecosystems are receivers for various pollutants, for instance, Chromium (Cr, one of the toxic heavy metals) and phosphorus (one of the biggest causes of water eutrophication). Such contaminants have brought serious impact on health and security of aquatic ecosystems. Physiological integration between the integrated ramets of clonal plants can increase their tolerance to environmental stress. It is hypothesized that physiological integration and phosphorus could facilitate the expansion of amphibious clonal plants from soil to Cr-polluted aquatic habitats. This study was conducted to primarily examine how physiological integration and phosphorus affected the effects of Cr on plant growth and population expansion. An amphibious clonal herbaceous plant Alternanthera philoxeroides was used to simulate the spread process by induced stolon connection or disconnection, Cr pollution and different levels of phosphorus in aquatic habitats. We found that Cr pollution deployed to apical ramets directly decreased the growth and photosynthetic parameters of the apical ramets that lacked connections to the basal ramets, but these effects could be mitigated by stolon connections. Cr pollution had no effects on these disconnected basal ramets, but the transmission of Cr from the apical parts via connected stolons negatively affected the growth of the basal ramets. Increasing the phosphorus not only increased the growth but also decreased the levels of Cr that accumulated in the plant tissues and the bioactivity of Cr. These results indicated that increasing the phosphorus could benefit the population expansion and establishment of A. philoxeroides through physiological integration from terrestrial to Cr-polluted aquatic habitats.

7

The influence of heavy metal ions on the viability and metabolic enzyme activity of the marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017)

51%

Marenkov O. , Prychepa M. , Kovalchuk J.

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tom 70

EN

The article shows the results of studies on the influence of heavy metal ions (manganese, nickel, lead) on the viability and metabolic enzyme activity of marbled crayfish Procambarus virginalis (Lyko, 2017) (Decapoda). Due to the fact that marbled crayfish got into the reservoirs of the Dnipropetrovsk region in 2015, it was necessary to study the possibilities of its adaptation to environmental factors of reservoirs for further prediction of its distribution or even acclimatization under conditions of toxicological contamination of the ponds of the steppe Prydniprovya. In the experiment with marbled crayfish, chronic effects of various concentrations of heavy metal ions on the physiological state and enzyme activity were investigated. The obtained results showed that among the investigated heavy metals nickel ions influenced the weight indexes and mortality of crustaceans the most negatively. According to the results of the research, significant changes were noted in the individual biochemical parameters of marbled crayfish under the influence of manganese, lead and nickel ions. The most significant changes in the activity of lactate dehydrogenase were detected in muscle tissues affected by manganese and nickel ions. A significant decrease in the activity of succinate dehydrogenase in muscle of marbled crayfish was determined after the action of heavy metal ions. Investigation of changes in the activity of alkaline phosphatase under the influence of the ions of manganese, lead and nickel has its own characteristics, which indicates certain violations in the tissues of cell membranes. Changes in the activity of enzymes were also reflected in the overall protein content. In conclusion, changes in these parameters may indicate a rapid biochemical response of crustaceans to the toxic effects of heavy metals.

8

Was reduced pollen viability in Viola tricolor L. the result of heavy metal pollution or rather the tests applied?

51%

Slomka A. , Kawalec P. , Kellner K. , Jedrzejczyk-Korycinska M. , Rostanski A. , Kuta E.

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nr 1

123-127

EN

We used different tests to assess the effect of high soil concentrations of heavy metals on pollen viability in plants from metallicolous (MET) and nonmetallicolous (NONMET) populations. The frequency of viable pollen depended on the test applied: MET plants showed no significant reduction of pollen viability by acetocarmine, Alexander, MTT and X-Gal dye testing, but a drastic reduction of pollen viability in MET flowers (MET 56% vs 72% NONMET) by the FDA test. There was no correlation between pollen viability estimated in histochemical tests and pollen germination in vitro or in vivo. We discuss the terminology used to describe pollen viability as determined by histochemical tests.

9

Effects of sewage sludge on the accumulation of heavy metals in soil and in mixtures of lawn grasses

38%

Wołejko E. , Wydro U. , Butarewicz A. , Łoboda T.

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tom Vol. 39, nr 2

67--76

EN

The study was conducted on three specially prepared test areas along main streets of Bialystok. The experimental plots were sown with two lawn grass mixtures: Eko and Roadside, and three doses of sewage sludge 0.0 (control), 7.5 kg/m2 and 15.0 kg/m2 were used. The calculated bioconcentration factor made possible to determine the mobility of the various metals from the soil solution to the aerial parts of plants. The obtained results showed that the plants absorbed Cd, Zn, Cu easier than Pb and Ni suggesting a high mobility, in particular of Cd, Zn, Cu, and reflects the easiness extraction of those metals by plants. Significant correlations between concentrations of metals in soil and grass were observed, nickel in soil was significantly correlated with Cd, Zn and Cu in plants, while the Zn content in soil with the level of Cu in plants.