Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Relation of health status with distress and job-related risk factors

100%

Rapolienė L. , Gedrimė L. , Mockevičienė D. , Razbadauskas A. t.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2019

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nr 2

130-137

EN

Background. Suboptimal health status (SHS) is recognised as a subclinical, reversible stage of a chronic disease. Previous studies have proposed that SHS may be related to poor lifestyle factors, as well as work-related and study-related stress. Objectives. The present study was designed to assess the relationship between health status, general distress and job-related risk factors. Material and methods. A community-based, cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 606 current workers in Klaipeda, Lithuania, who had no history of clinically diagnosed disease. The SHS score was derived from SHSQ-25; the General Symptom Distress Scale (GSDS ) was used for distress evaluation. Results. 90% (547) of respondents revealed an optimal health level. The main domains of SHS status were fatigue and mental status. SHS was related to cardiovascular, digestive and musculoskeletal symptoms, as well as to frequent infections and allergy. SHS was more prevalent in women. The overall health status depends on the following job-related risk factors: the professional potential to grow, rest, deadlines, competition, work experience, income, etc. Conclusions. Health status was related to distress and mainly manifested itself through fatigue, anxiety and sleep disturbances. Resting hours, professional potential to grow, risk in another person’s life and work in public have a significant influence on SHS

2

PUBLIC-PRIVATE MIX AND PERFORMANCE OF HEALTH CARE SYSTEMS IN CEE AND CIS COUNTRIES

100%

Łyszczarz B.

Oeconomia Copernicana

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2016

|

tom 7

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nr 2

169-185

EN

The role of the public and private sector in health care systems remains one of the crucial problems of these systems' operation. The purpose of this research is to identify the relationships between the performance of health systems in CEE and CIS (Central and Eastern Europe and Commonwealth of Independent State) countries, and the mix of public-private sector in the health care of these countries. The study uses a zero unitarization method to construct three measures of health system performance in the following areas: (1) resources; (2) services; and (3) health status. The values of these measures are correlated with the share of public financing that represents the public-private mix in the health systems. The data used is from World Health Organization’s Health for All Database for 23 CEE and CIS countries and comprises the year 2010. The results show that the performance of health systems in the countries investigated is positively associated with a higher proportion of public financing. The strongest relationship links public financing with performance in the area of services production. For policy makers, these results imply that health systems in post-communist transition economies could be susceptible to a decreasing role of the state and that growing reliance on the market mechanism in health care can deteriorate the operation of these systems.

3

Health status, nutrition, and fragile states

100%

Peterson S. A.

Reality of Politics

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2021

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nr 15

57-71

EN

Fragile states have several key characteristics: (1) uncertain control of territory and/or not having full control of legitimate use of force; (2) decline in legitimacy of collective and authoritative government decisions; (3) difficulties with providing public goods and services; (4) problems with interacting with other states as a member of the larger international community. Data on The Fund for Peace’s Fragile State Index from 2016 are used to measure the dependent variable. The independent variables of interest are health and nutrition, to determine if these factors-as influences on citizens’ behavior-would have anything to do with fragility. This paper, then, explores the role of two biosocial variables in affecting degree of fragility. Results are discussed as well as implications.

4

Respiratory health status relates to endotoxin exposure in presence of low dust levels

100%

Zejda J. , Barber E. , Dosman J. , Olenchock S. A. , McDuffie H. H. , Rhodes C. , Hurst T.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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1994

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tom 01

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nr 2

5

The influence of nanodiamond particles on rat health status

88%

Szmidt M. , Niemiec T. , Sawosz-Chwalibog E. , Mitura K.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

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2013

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tom 52

EN

The objective of the present investigation was to evaluate the effect of nanodiamond (ND) particles on rats health status. 1 mg/kg b.w. of nanodiamond particles was administrated intravenously and intraperitoneum. The presence of an adverse impact was examined. The results show significant changes in biochemical (glucose and total protein level decrease) and hematological (elevated platelets count) parameters, only in case of intravenous injection.

PL

Wpływ koloidu nanodiamentu na parametry stanu zdrowia szczurów. Celem badań była ocena wpływu pozajelitowego wlewu hydrokoloidu nanodiamentu otrzymanego metodą detonacyjną na parametry hematologiczne i biochemiczne krwi u szczurów. Uzyskane wyniki wskaźników hematologicznych wskazują, że hydrokoloid nanodiamentowy, niezależnie od drogi podania, wpłynął na zwiększenie się liczby płytek krwi u szczurów w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną. Ponadto wlew dożylny hydrokoloidu ND wpłynął na zmniejszenie koncentracji glukozy i białka całkowitego we krwi badanych zwierząt. Analiza danych doświadczenia dowodzi pilnej potrzeby ustalenia minimalnej dawki toksycznej nanocząstek ND oraz szczegółowej oceny biologicznych właściwości nanodiamentów otrzymywanych metodą detonacyjną w badaniach na zwierzętach.

6

Contribution to the Study of the Health State of Holm Oak in the Chettaba Forest (Algeria)

88%

Zerrouki A. , Kara K. , Rached-Kanouni M. , Redjaimia L. , Touafchia B.

Ecological Engineering & Environmental Technology

|

2024

|

tom Vol. 25, iss. 2

17--30

EN

The oak forests in Algeria are rich in resources and services, playing an important ecological as well as socioeconomic role. The cork oak (Quercus ilex) is one of the most common species in the Chettaba forest, which occupies an area of 1127 hectares. This study aimed to assess the health of this species. The protocols for the crown condition indicator were placed in 13 plots of 0.09 hectares, randomly selected in the forest. The diameter and total height of each tree were measured, as well as the crown condition and stand density. A visual assessment of the crowns was performed following the ICP forests and DEPEFEU protocols. The results indicate that the overall condition of the crowns of the cork oak is a medium with significant defoliation. The crowns of the majority of trees (37.6%) are partially visible with backlighting only, codominant (36.54%), and competing with four sides (35%). More than 83.2% of the trees in the Chettaba forest have gourmets, even healthy trees, but fruiting is almost totally absent. Regarding the color of the crown, the majority of the trees examined show no discoloration. Under the current conditions of the conducted research, it can be said that the overall condition of the holm oak stands in the forest is a medium, which requires further research on the role of the many probable factors of decline. Therefore, special attention should be given to the preservation of this ecosystem.

7

Psychosocial factors in farming

88%

Thelin A.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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1994

|

tom 01

|

nr 2

8

Germination capacity and health status of alfalfa seeds after laser treatment

88%

Wilczek M. , Koper R. , Cwintal M. , Kornillowicz-Kowalska T.

International Agrophysics

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2005

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tom 19

|

nr 1

9

Community oriented medical education as part of primary health care in rural areas at the Medical School of the University of Greifswald

88%

Knabe H.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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1994

|

tom 01

|

nr 2

10

Health status of farmers with and without occupational health service

88%

Thelin A. , Stjernstrom E. L. , Holmberg S.

Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine

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1994

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tom 01

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nr 2

11

Health status of population living in high ecological risk areas in Poland. II. Specific mortality rates in the period 1988-1993

88%

Jarosinska D. , Debowski M. , Bobula A. , Biesiada M.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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1997

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tom 06

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nr 5

EN

The health status of the population living in high ecological risk areas in Poland is described at the level of specific mortality rates due to chosen diseases. The analysis of temporal trends over the period 1988-1993 is included. Specific mortality rates standardized according to 1991 demographic structures is compared between HERAs and areas outside HERAs. The study indicates higher mortality in the HERAs due to "civiliza- tion-related" diseases and diseases attributable to the environmental degradation.

12

Severity of potato tubers diseases in treatments with foliar fertilzation

75%

Cwalina-Ambroziak B. , Czajka W. , Bogucka B.

Polish Journal of Natural Sciences

|

2009

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tom 24

|

nr 3

133-145

EN

The study was conducted over the years 2004–2006 in experimental plots located in Bałcyny. A multi-purpose, late potato cultivar, Jasia, was grown. The experimental factors were as follows: I – mineral fertilization levels: A (N – 80 kg ha⁻¹, P – 80 kg ha⁻¹, K – 120 kg ha⁻¹), B (N – 120 kg ha⁻¹, P – 144 kg ha⁻¹, K – 156 kg ha⁻¹), II – foliar fertilization: 1 (Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 8 dm³ ha⁻¹), 2 (ADOB Mn – 4 dm³ ha⁻¹), 3 (Solubor DF – 2 dm³ ha⁻¹), 4 (ADOB Mn – 2 dm³ ha⁻¹ + Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 4 dm³ ha⁻¹), 5 (ADOB Mn – 2 dm³ ha⁻¹ + Solubor DF – 1 dm³ ha⁻¹), 6 (Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 4 dm³ ha⁻¹ + Solubor DF – 1 dm³ ha⁻¹), 7 (Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 2.7 dm³ ha⁻¹+ADOBMn – 1.3 dm³ ha⁻¹+SoluborDF – 0.7 dm³ ha⁻¹), 8 (control treatment without foliar fertilization). The health status of potato tubers was studied after five-month storage. The rates of tuber infection by Streptomyces scabies and Rhizoctonia solani were estimated on 100 tubers selected randomly of particular treatments, according to a nine-point scale, and were presented as a percentage infection index. The symptoms of soft rot (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum), late blight (Phytophthora infestans) and dry rot (Fusarium spp.) were evaluated in 5 kg samples for each treatment. The results were expressed as a percentage of the mass of infected tubers. Foliar fertilization and the levels of mineral fertilization NPK did not affect the severity of common scab symptoms. Significantly higher rates of infection by R. solani were observed in tubers from the control treatment without foliar fertilization and from the treatment with a lower level of mineral fertilization (A). The symptoms of soft rot (4.6% of the mass of infected tubers) and late blight (1.3%) were strongest in 2006, while the symptoms of dry rot (2.7%) – in 2005. The severity of diseases caused by the above pathogens was greater in tubers grown in plots with a higher level of mineral fertilization (B) – N 120 kg ha⁻¹, P 144 kg ha⁻¹, K 156 kg ha⁻¹ (1.3 to 4.1% of the mass of infected tubers) than in tubers grown in plots with a lower level of mineral fertilization (A) –N80 kg ha⁻¹, P 80 kg ha⁻¹, K 120 kg ha⁻¹, (0.8 to 3%). The combined application of foliar fertilizers reduced the percentage mass of tubers infected by P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and P. infestans to the highest degree.

PL

Badania przeprowadzono w latach 2004–2006 na poletkach doświadczalnych w Bałcynach. Uprawiano wszechstronnie użytkowaną, późną odmianę ziemniaka Jasia. W doświadczeniu uwzględniono dwa czynniki: I – poziomy nawożenia mineralnego: A (N – 80 kg ha⁻¹, P – 80 kg ha⁻¹, K – 120 kg ha⁻¹), B (N – 120 kg ha⁻¹, P – 144 kg ha⁻¹, K – 156 kg ha⁻¹) i II – nawożenie dolistne: 1 (Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 8 dm³ ha⁻¹), 2 (ADOB Mn – 4 dm³ ha⁻¹), 3 (Solubor DF – 2 dm³ ha⁻¹), 4 (ADOB Mn – 2 dm³ ha⁻¹ + Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 4 dm³ ha⁻¹), 5 (ADOB Mn – 2 dm³ ha⁻¹ + Solubor DF – 1 dm³ ha⁻¹), 6 (Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 4 dm³ ha⁻ ¹ + Solubor DF – 1 dm³ ha⁻¹), 7 (Basfoliar 12-4-6 – 2,7 dm³ ha⁻¹ + ADOB Mn – 1,3 dm³ ha⁻¹ + Solubor DF – 0,7 dm³ ha⁻¹), 8 (kontrola bez nawożenia dolistnego). Po 5-miesięcznym przechowywaniu bulw przeprowadzano ocenę ich zdrowotności. Nasilenie parcha zwykłego (Streptomyces scabies) i ospowatości bulw (Rhizoctonia solani) określano na 100 bulwach z kombinacji, według 9° skali, a wyniki podano w % jako indeks porażenia. Objawy mokrej zgnilizny (Pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum), zarazy ziemniaka (Phytophthora infestans) i suchej zgnilizny bulw (Fusarium spp.) oceniano w 5-kilogramowej próbie bulw z każdej kombinacji. Wyniki przedstawiono w procentach masy porażonych bulw. Nawożenie dolistne oraz poziomy nawożenia mineralnego NPK nie różnicowały nasilenia objawów parcha zwykłego. Istotnie wyższe porażenie R. solani zanotowano na bulwach w kombinacji kontrolnej bez nawożenia dolistnego i z nawożeniem mineralnym w niższej dawce (poziom A). Największe objawy mokrej zgnilizny bulw (4,6% masy porażonych bulw) i zarazy ziemniaka (1,3%) stwierdzono w 2006 r., a suchej zgnilizny (2,7%) – w 2005 r. Zanotowano silniejsze objawy chorób powodowanych przez wymienione patogeny na bulwach pochodzących z roślin uprawianych w kombinacji z zastosowanym wyższym nawożeniem mineralnym doglebowymB– N 120 kg ha⁻¹, P 144 kg ha⁻¹, K 156 kg ha⁻¹, (1,3 do 4,1% masy porażonych bulw) niż u roślin w kombinacji z niższym nawożeniem A – N 80 kg ha⁻¹, P 80 kg ha⁻¹, K 120 kg ha⁻¹ (od 0,8 do 3%). Łączne stosowanie nawozów dolistnych najbardziej ograniczało procent masy bulw porażonych P. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum i P. infestans.

13

Utility of haptoglobin assay for sheep welfare and health status evaluation in pre- and postslaughter period

75%

Kostro K. , Jarosz L. , Gruszecki T. , Junkuszew A. , Lipecka C.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2009

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tom 53

|

nr 1

111-116

EN

The objective of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of haptoglobin (Hp) determination as an index in the monitoring of sheep welfare and health status in the pre- and post-slaughter period. The research results indicate a strict correlation between concentration of ovine serum haptoglobin and the presence and severity of pathological lesions visualised in the internal organs at the post-mortem examination. The Hp assay in live sheep prior to transportation to a slaughterhouse allows identifying the animals with subclinical infections. Thus, the Hp index may be used for an assessment into the state of the sheep's health in the pre-slaughter period by the veterinary inspection and as a safety measure of food of animal origin. Besides, a serum haptoglobin content established in sheep intended for slaughter may aid in the evaluation of the animal welfare at transportation and body condition after it as well as in the period following the 48 h rest time before slaughter.

14

Effect of differentiated fertilization with sulphur on health status of winter oilseed rape

75%

Lemanczyk G. , Panka D. , Lenc L. , Jankowski K.

Ochrona Środowiska i Zasobów Naturalnych

|

2007

|

nr 33

57-63

15

Fatigue based on the subjective feeling of people representing selected medical professions

75%

Puszczalowska-Lizis E. , Szymanski D. , Lizis S. , Krajewska J.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2024

|

tom 37

|

nr 1

72-83

EN

Objectives Fatigue can be the result of overexertion and overload. It occurs when the burdened body does not have enough time for regeneration and biological renewal. The aim of this study was analysis of fatigue based on the subjective feeling in physiotherapists, nurses, and paramedics. Material and Methods The research covered 193 women and 107 men aged 30–60 years, including 100 physiotherapists, 100 nurses and 100 paramedics with higher education, employed in clinics and hospitals in the Podkarpackie Voivodeship, Poland. The research tool of choice was 30-item Research Committee on Industrial Fatigue Fatigue Scale, adapted into the Polish language by Paluch. The data were analyzed based on ANOVA Kruskal-Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman’s rank correlation. Results Values determining frequency of decrease in activity were higher in nurses than in physiotherapists (p < 0.001) and paramedics (p = 0.005). Physiotherapists and nurses showed statistically significant positive associations of all fatigue indices with age and seniority. Sex-related differences in the frequency of physical fatigue symptoms have been noted (p = 0.044). Among people working in outpatient clinics and hospitals there were statistically significant differences in the frequency of decrease in activity (p = 0.001) and general level of fatigue (p = 0.031). Conclusions In nurses and physiotherapists, the frequency of experiencing ailments increases with age and work experience. This suggests that in the case of these professions it is important to quick identification of signs of fatigue and taking actions to prevent its worsening. Women experience fatigue more often, so they especially need to take steps to prevent and, if necessary, treat this condition. Hospitals should be an area of special involvement in the process of implementing programs to counteract fatigue of employees in the medical services sector.

16

Predictors of short- and long-term sickness absence in female post office workers in Poland

75%

Szubert Z. , Makowiec-Dąbrowska T. , Merecz D. , Sobala W.

International Journal of Occupational Medicine and Environmental Health

|

2016

|

tom 29

|

nr 4

539-562

EN

Background The aim of this study was to highlight major predictors of the frequency of sickness absence in a group of workers directly involved in customer service. Material and Methods The study was carried out on a random sample of 229 women employed as assistants and clerks in post offices. The survey was based on the Subjective Work, Health Status and Life Style Characteristics Questionnaire, and sickness absence data for the years 2004–2006. Results The negative binominal regression model of sickness absence risk revealed the following significant predictors of short-term absence spells (1–29 days): 1) marital status, sickness absence risk for single women was (rate ratio (RR)) = 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01–2.39) vs. married women; 2) post offices employing 7 workers had a rate ratio of sickness absence of 1.6 (95% CI: 1.04–2.42); 13–25 workers – RR = 2.03 (95% CI: 1.41–2.93); > 25 workers – RR = 1.82 (95% CI: 1.15–2.88) compared with an average number of 8–12 workers; 3) shift work, RR = 1.57 (95% CI: 1.14–2.14); 4) breaks from work – the risk of absence in the case of any breaks amounted to RR = 1.5 (95% CI: 1.07–2.07) in comparison with the statutory breaks; 5) self-rated health reported as moderate relative to good health, RR = 1.71 (95% CI: 1.26–2.32); and 6) occurrence of respiratory diseases resulted in the risk of RR = 1.51 (95% CI: 1.08–2.08). The Poisson regression model of long-term sickness absence spells (≥ 30 days) revealed the following significant predictors: 1) number of clients per shift: 51–100 clients, RR = 3.62 (95% CI: 1.07–22.6) compared with a lower number of clients; 2) self-rated health, assessed as moderate, RR = 1.97 (95% CI: 1.06–3.78) and 3) household chores performed for at least 4 h a day, RR = 0.4 (95% CI: 0.18–0.79). Conclusions Association between sickness absence and workload as well as work organization indicates directions of corrective actions, which could reduce the scale of the problem.

17

Diversity of fungi colonizing and damaging leaves of pontic azalea Azalea pontica

75%

Kowalik M.

Acta Mycologica

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2013

|

tom 48

|

nr 2

EN

The research aimed at verification of fungi species colonizing phyllosphere of pontic azalea Azalea pontica L. and at comparison of the fungi species composition: – in the natural stand in the Kołacznia nature reserve, – in arboretum collections at Bolestraszyce and Rogów. 600 fragments of healthy, infected and fallen leaves of pontic azalea were collected for mycological analyses. The species forming the largest number of colonies identified from the healthy leaves were: A. alternata, Ph. cyclaminis, E. nigrum, Ph. medicaginis and B. cinerea, from infected leaves: A. alternata, E. nigrum, Ph. cyclaminis, S. fimicola, T. viride and A. phaeospermum, whereas: E. nigrum, A. alternata, S. fimicola, Ph. cyclaminis and B. cinerea were isolated from the fallen leaves, which indicates that a majority of fungi persistently colonize the leaves during vegetation period and damage them, which leads to defoliation. Colonization of pontic azalea phyllosphere in arboreta by more numerous fungi colonies and species than under conditions of natural sites evidences their increased pressure in the arboreta environment.

PL

Obserwacje stanu zdrowotnego azalii pontyjskiej Azalea pontica przeprowadzono w 2011 roku na stanowisku naturalnym w rezerwacie Kołacznia, w kolekcji Arboretum i Zakładu Fizjografii w Bolestraszycach oraz w kolekcji Arboretum SGGW w Rogowie. Celem badań była weryfikacja gatunków grzybów zasiedlających fyllosferę azalii pontyjskiej oraz porównanie składu gatunkowego grzybów na naturalnym stanowisku i w arboretach. Analizie mykologicznej poddano liście zdrowe, porażone i opadłe. Stwierdzono, że zbiorowiska grzybów bytujących w fyllosferze azalii pontyjskiej na stanowisku naturalnym i w arboretach różniły się składem gatunkowym i liczbą kolonii. Gatunkami wyodrębnionymi w największej liczbie kolonii ze zdrowych liści azalii pontyjskiej były: A. alternata, Ph. cyclaminis, E. nigrum, Ph. medicaginis i B. cinera, z liści porażonych: A. alternata, E. nigrum, Ph. cyclaminis, S. fimicola, T. viride i A. phaeospermum, a z liści opadłych: E. nigrum, A. alternata, S. fimicola, Ph. cyclaminis i B. cinerea, co wskazuje, że większość z nich w okresie wegetacji stale zasiedla liście i uszkadza je, co prowadzi do ich przedwczesnego opadania. Zasiedlenie porażonych liści azalii w arboretach przez porównywalną liczbę kolonii i gatunków grzybów (w tym patogenów), znacznie większą niż w rezerwacie, może świadczyć o wpływie sąsiadujących roślin żywicielskich na ich stan zdrowotny. Kolonizacja fyllosfery azalii pontyjskiej w arboretach w Bolestraszycach i Rogowie przez dużo większą liczbę kolonii i gatunków grzybów, niż w warunkach naturalnego stanowiska w Kołacznii, świadczy o wzmożonej presji grzybów w środowiskach arboretów.

18

Locomotor activity as the leading factor of psychophysical preparation of young students

75%

Panhelova N.

Prace Naukowe Akademii im. Jana Długosza w Częstochowie. Kultura Fizyczna

|

2018

|

tom 17

|

nr 1

EN

The article presents data on the current state of health, physical preparedness, motor activity of students in non-sports profile higher education establishments. It was found that low levels of physical condition of students is determined by a number of factors, among which, the lack of their motor activity, as well as non-rational approaches of the governing bodies and the administration of some higher educational establishments to organizing teaching and extracurricular physical training of future specialists are the major ones. It contains data relative to the main functions of motor activity. The basic provisions of the letter of the Ministry of Education and Science of Ukraine of 09.25.2015 №1 / 9–454 “Regarding the organization of physical education in higher education”.

PL

W artykule zaprezentowano aktualne dane dotyczące stanu zdrowia, przygotowania fizycznego, aktywności ruchowej studentów szkół wyższych o profilu nie-sportowym. Stwierdzono, że niski poziom warunków fizycznych studentów określony jest przez grupę czynników, wśród których główną rolę odgrywają brak aktywności ruchowej oraz nieracjonalne podejście ciał zarządzających i administracji niektórych instytucji szkolnictwa wyższego do organizacji nauczania i dodatkowych zajęć treningowych dla przyszłych specjalistów. W artykule zawarto dane dotyczące głównych funkcji aktywności ruchowej oraz podstawowe postanowienia zawarte w zaleceniach Ministerstwa Edukacji i Nauki Ukrainy z dnia 25.09.2015, nr 1/9-454 „W związku z organizacją wychowania fizycznego w szkolnictwie wyższym”.

19

Changes in cow’s milk composition and physical properties during the uninterrupted milking process

75%

Dymnicki E. , Golebiewski M. , Wojcik A. , Puppel K. , Kuczynska B. , Sosin-Bzducha E. , Szulc T.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Animal Science

|

2015

|

tom 54[1]

EN

Changes in cow’s milk composition and physical properties during the uninterrupted milking process. The chemical composition of milk determines the nutritional value and technological properties of milk and dairy products. Many studies have been performed on the chemical composition of milk, including fatty acid and protein profile, however a limited number of investigations have determined the changes in chemical composition of the milk during the milking process. Experiment were designed to study changes in milk chemical composition (i.e. fat, protein, casein, lactose, urea, citric acid, Total Solids (TS), Solids-Non-Fat (SNF), free fatty acids (FFA) as well as acidity, density, freezing point and somatic cell score) during the uninterrupted milking. Fifty two (455 samples) cows of 3 different breeds; with daily production 5-12 kg; were sampled during interrupted milking process. Representative sample were collected from each kg of milked liquid. There were significant (P≤0.01) changes in fat, FFA, lactose, TS and density of milk during milking. The concentration of fat, FFA, and TS shown increasing tendency with the course of milking, however, lactose and density presented opposite trends. Therefore, obtaining the whole quantity of milk from udder during the milking process, beside shaping the health status, is an indispensable step to produce milk of the highest quality in terms of its nutritional and technological value.

PL

Zmiany w składzie mleka krowiego podczas nieprzerwanego doju. Skład chemiczny mleka określa wartość odżywczą i właściwości technologiczne mleka i produktów mlecznych. Przeprowadzono wiele badań dotyczących składu chemicznego mleka, profilu kwasów tłuszczowych i zawartości białek. Jednak istnieje mało badań, które dotyczyłyby zmian w składzie chemicznym mleka w trakcie procesu dojenia. Celem badań było określenie zmian w składzie chemicznym mleka (czyli tłuszcz, białko, kazeina, laktoza, mocznik, kwas cytrynowy, sucha masa (s.m.), sucha masa beztłuszczowa (s.m.b.), wolnych kwasów tłuszczowych (FFA) oraz kwasowość, gęstość, punkt krzepnięcia i liczba komórek somatycznych) podczas nieprzerwanego doju. Badania przeprowadzono na 52 krowach (3 różnych ras) o średniej dziennej produkcji mleka 5-12 kg. Ogółem pobrano 455 próbek mleka. Reprezentatywne próbki pobierano z każdego kolejnego udojonego kilograma mleka. Stwierdzono istotne (P≤0,01 ) zmiany w zawartości tłuszczu, FFA, laktozy, TS i gęstości mleka podczas dojenia. Koncentracja tłuszczu, FFA i TS wykazały tendencję wzrostową w trakcie dojenia, jednak laktoza i gęstość trend odwrotny. Dlatego pozyskanie całej ilości mleka z wymion podczas procesu dojenia, obok kształtowania stanu zdrowia, jest niezbędnym krokiem w kierunku produkcji mleka najwyższej jakości pod względem jego wartości odżywczej i technologicznej.

20

ZDROWIE A KORZYSTANIE ZE ŚWIADCZEŃ ZDROWOTNYCH. KOSZT I DOSTĘP DO USŁUG OCHRONY ZDROWIA

75%

Ruzik-Sierdzińska A.

Polityka Społeczna

|

2016

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tom 43

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nr 7(508)

17-21

EN

The article focuses on the impact of both individual and institutional factors (in that of the socio-economic status) on health prophylaxis and health care usage in the selected European countries. It is an empirical literature review based on SHARE data for people aged 50+.

PL

Artykuł omawia wpływ czynników indywidualnych (w tym statusu społeczno-ekonomiczny) i instytucjonalnych na profilaktykę zdrowotną oraz korzystanie ze świadczeń zdrowotnych w systemach ochrony zdrowia w wybranych krajach europejskich. Jest to przegląd badań empirycznych opartych na danych badania SHARE dla osób w wieku 50 i więcej lat.