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EN
Starting from a mathematical formulation of Mach's principle and equations of line electromagneto-gravitation formulated by the author in his earlier papers, some conditions are derived for distribution of currents of mass, which are sources of the gravitational field. If Mach's principle is true, they are necessary conditions for distribution of currents of mass in the universe, which do not result only from description of the fields but are the additional conditions.
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Content available remote Teoria grawitacji i kosmologia
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EN
Classical singularities in general relativity are usually defined as points of a "singular boundary" of space-time. However, this definition leads to serious difficulties if one applies it to stronger types of singularities, for instance to the initial and final singularities in the closed Friedman world model. It is shown that one can model space-time with any type of singularities as a noncommutative space. Moreover, any such singularity can be analysed in terms of an algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. This typically quantum mechanical structure suggests that there could exist a deep connection between the theory of classical singularities and the looked-for quantum theory of gravity.
EN
Gravimeter with two-dimensional digital data processing about acceleration of gravity is considered in a paper. The result of measurements in gyroscopic gravimeter contains errors. An influence on gravimeter inertial absolute acceleration and other disturbing influences cause the errors of measurements. These of acceleration arise by work gravimeter onboard the plane in structure of air gravimetric system. The structural scheme of gyroscopic gravimeter is proposed in a paper for multiple precision. This construction is providing immediate measurements of acceleration of gravity. The possibility of digital data processing is considered in view of a two-dimensional character of an array of measuring information.
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Content available remote Z góry Żar - pod górę
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Content available remote Czarne dziury: odkryte w przyrodzie czy wymyślone przez człowieka?
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EN
A short history of the general relativity theory (together with the theory of "black holes") is presented. A mathematical structure which enables us to describe gravitational field as a field of local inertial frames is proposed in a simple form. The notion of the curvature tensor is derived as an obstruction against existence of linear coordinates.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono podstawowe własności i cechy przepływów dwu i wielofazowych. Scharakteryzowano przepływy płynów lepkich oraz ruch cząstek ciał stałych rozdrobnionych w ośrodku gazowym. Określono główne parametry ruchu swobodnego cząstek pod wpływem sił grawitacji oraz w warunkach przeciążenia. W części teoretycznej podano podstawy fizyczne ruchu cząstek pyłu w kanałach wirujących. Przeprowadzono analizę równań z punktu widzenia wagi ich poszczególnych członów i możliwości zbudowania modelu uproszczonego. W części eksperymentalnej omówiono stanowisko badawcze oraz budowę odpylacza wirnikowego. Zasada działania odpylacza polega na wywołaniu wymuszonego przepływu wzdłużnego przez wirnik odpylacza, na którym wskutek ruchu obrotowego siła odśrodkowa przemieszcza cząstki na zewnątrz wirnika. W zakończeniu pracy sformułowano wnioski.
EN
The paper presents a new design which can serve as a highly effective dust separator installed within different neibourhoods. To rationalise this design its theory has been developed. It includes the mathematical model of the motion of two phase media taking place in ducted channels rotating with a high angular velocity and conducting the medium such as dusty air. Presented analysis offers also some simplitled model which may serve as a basis for the initial design of such devices. In the concluding part of the paper the experimental stand to test the dust separator is also presented. The results obtained in these two independent ways support each other and show satisfying accordance between them.
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Content available remote "Gauge Theories of Gravitation"
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PL
W dniach 4-10 września 1997 r. w ośrodku wypoczynkowym Kancelarii Prezesa Rady Ministrów w Jadwisinie pod Warszawą odbyło się międzynarodowe spotkanie robocze (workshop) pn. "Gauge Theories of Gravitation", zorganizowane przez Zakład Teorii Względności i Grawitacji Instytutu Fizyki Teoretycznej Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego. Spotkanie było współfinansowane przez Komitet Badań Naukowych, Fundację Współpracy Polsko-Niemieckiej, Fundację Batorego, Niemieckie Towarzystwo Fizyczne - Fundację Heraeusów i Międzynarodowe Centrum Fizyki Teoretycznej w Trieście. Wzięło w nim udział 53 fizyków, w tym 30 z zagranicy. Na 9 sesjach wygłoszono 27 referatów. Główne referaty wygłosili zagraniczni członkowie Komitetu Naukowego spotkania: Yuval Ne'eman (Tel Aviv), Joshua Goldberg (Syracuse), Paolo Budinich (Triest) i Friedrich Hehl (Kolonia). Szczególnie uroczysty charakter miała sesja w dniu 7 września, poświęcona obchodom 64. rocznicy urodzin prof. Andrzeja Trautmana; na sesji tej usłyszeliśmy referaty: Jurgena Ehlersa (Poczdam), Iwo Białynickiego-Biruli (Warszawa) i Petera Aichelburga (Wiedeń). Przewodniczył jej Marek Demiański. Spotkanie należy uznać za bardzo udane.
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The paper deals with the applictions of the terrestrial measurements of the horizontal gravity gradient components in determination of the geoid shape. It contains Stokes formula analogon, modified by the Author using horizontal gravity gradient anomalies, and analogons of Vening-Meinesz formulae for determination of the plumb line deflections. The approach presented in the paper is possible when measurements are conducted with static gravimeters, and not only with the help of Eotvos torsion balance.
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An attempt of the gravity and gravity vertical gradient obsewations inclustion was taken to the investigations ofone terrestrial dam construction. The specialistic programmes TOPOGRAF and TOPOGRAD were worked aut for microcomputer taking into account the analysis of gravity terrain correction formulae to eliminate water level variations from gravity characteristics.
EN
The stability criterion of a fluid cylinder (density p) embedded into a different fluid (density p¹) is derived and discussed. The model is capillary unstable in the domain 0 p the model is purely unstable for all short and long wavelengths. In m≠0 modes the self-gravitating model is neutrally stable as p = p¹ and ordinary stable as p¹ < p but it is purely unstable as p¹ > p. The streaming destabilizing effect makes the self-gravitating instability worse and shrinks the stable domains. The stability analysis of the model under the combined effect of the capillary and self-gravitating forces is performed analytically and verified numerically. When p¹ < p the capillary force and the axial flow have destabilizing influences but the densities ratio p¹/p has a stabilizing effect on the gravitating instability. If p = p¹ the streaming is destabilizing but the capillary force is strongly stabilizing and could suppress the gravitational instability. When p¹ > p the capillary force improved the gravitational instability and created much domains of stability and moreover the instability of the self-gravitating force disappeared in several cases of axisymmetric disturbances.
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Content available remote Computer aided calibration of the static gravity meters
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EN
A possibility of an automation of a gravity meter coefficient determination by two methods is discussed in the paper. The first one, more frequently applied is the methodusing gravity calibration baselines. The second one is the tilt method. This method can be applied in the laboratory. The software CECH5 was prepared at the institute of Geodesy and Geodetic Astronomy WUT operating on PSION ORGANISER microcomputer. The automation of both calibration methods was done. This software provides, besides registration of readings, field data processing computation of tidal corrections, drift and altitude evaluations. Field experiments confirmed the efficiency of the procedures and obtained precision.
EN
In eastern part of Sudety Mountains, in Klodzki Snieznik Massif and Sudety Foreland, since 1992, during six cycles, there have been performed observations of gravity differences between installed geodynamical stations in reference to some stations outside geological structures under investigation. In Snieznik Massif, there was pointed out a clear tendency of gravity arising on points in lower parts of geodynamic test field and decreasing of gravity in upper parts. The gravity decreasing was pointed out to the East from Nysa and increasing on the western part of Paczkow Tectonic Graben. In Szczeliniec region the relative gravity increasing was mentioned in lower part.
EN
The present article aims at investigating the effect of gravity modulation on chaotic convection of a viscoelastic fluid in porous media. For this, the problem is reduced into Lorenz system (non-autonomous) by employing the truncated Galerkin expansion method. The system shows transitions from periodic to chaotic behavior on increasing the scaled Rayleigh number R. The amplitude of modulation advances the chaotic nature in the system while the frequency of modulation has a tendency to delay the chaotic behavior which is in good agreement with the results due to [1]. The behavior of the scaled relaxation and retardation parameter on the system is also studied. The phase portrait and time domain diagrams of the Lorenz system for suitable parameter values have been used to analyze the system.
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