Purpose: The main aim of researches was investigation of structure and properties of the (Ti, Al, Si)N gradient wear resistant coatings. Design/methodology/approach: The structural investigations include the metallographic analysis on the transmission and scanning electron microscope. Examinations of the chemical compositions of the deposited coatings were carried out using the X-ray energy dispersive spectrograph EDS, glow-discharge optical emission spectroscope GDOES, auger electron spectroscope (AES) and using the X-ray diffractometer. The investigations include also analysis of the mechanical and functional properties of the materials: substrate hardness tests and microhardness tests of the deposited coatings, surface roughness tests, evaluation of the adhesion of the deposited coatings as well as cutting properties. Findings: Deposition of the multicomponent gradient coatings with the PVD method, based on the Al and Si solid secondary solution in the TiN titanium nitride, isomorphous with the alternating pure titanium nitride TiN, on tools made from oxide, nitride ceramics and tool cermets, results in the increase of mechanical properties in comparison with uncoated tool materials, deciding thus the improvement of their working properties. Practical implications: Deposition of (Ti, Al, Si)N nanocrystalline coatings by the use of PVD method causes the increase of cutting properties of tools made of cermets for ca. 300% and of Al2O3+ZrO2 for ca. 100% comparing to adequately uncoated tools. Originality/value: Comparison of the wide range of modern sintered tool materials with wide unique set of PVD coatings.
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The paper presents investigation results of properties of the sintered tool materials: cemented carbides, cermets and Al2O3 type oxide tool ceramics with gradient (Ti,Al)N and Ti(C,N) coatings deposited with the cathodic arc evaporation CAE-PVD method.
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Purpose: Investigation the influence of kind of PVD coatings structure (homogenous or gradient) on properties of deposited tool materials: cemented carbides and cermets. Design/methodology/approach: Analysis of the structure, analysis of the mechanical and functional properties: surface roughness, microhardness tests, scratch tests, cutting tests. The Ti(C,N) gradient coating was investigated by XPS method with multifunctional PHI 5700/660 spectrometer. The characteristic of surface region coating were determined from XPS depth profile. X-ray qualitative phase analysis and the grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method (GIXRD) was employed to collect the detailed information about phase composition of investigated material’s surface layer. Microstructural of investigations substrates and coatings by transmission electron miocroscopy (TEM) were done. Findings: Results of the investigation the influence of PVD coatings structure (homogenous or gradient) and kind on properties of coated tool materials: cemented carbides and cermets are given in the paper. Coatings are characterized by dense, compact structure, there have been identified no pores, fractures and discontinuities. The coatings were deposited uniformly onto the investigated substrate materials and show a characteristic columnar, fine-graded structure. The results of roughness, microhardness and cutting tests confirm the advantages of the PVD coatings. The coatings deposited onto the investigated substrates are characterised by good adhesion and causes increasing of wear resistance. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method (GIXRD) in the investigated coatings were used to describe the structure and gradient character of the coatings. Practical implications: Deposition of hard, thin, gradient coatings on materials surface by PVD method features one of the most intensely developed directions of improvement of the working properties of materials. Originality/value: New techniques of gradient coatings deposition is one of the most spectacular aspect of the materials engineering development in the last years. The grazing incidence X-ray diffraction method (GIXRD) in the investigated coatings were used to describe the gradient character of the coatings.
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Purpose: This paper presents investigation results of the properties of the multicomponent (Ti,Al)N and gradient Ti(C,N) wear resistant coatings, deposited with the PVD process onto the substrate from the cemented carbides, cermets and Al2O3 + TiC type oxide tool ceramics. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology includes analysis of the mechanical and functional properties. The Ra parameter was assumed to be the value describing surface roughness. The microhardness tests using the Vickers method were made with use of dynamic ultra microhardness tester. The measurements were made in the "load-unload" mode. Tests of the coatings adhesion to the substrate material was made with use of the scratch test. Surface roughness tests were done both before depositing the coatings and after completing the PVD process. Cutting properties of the investigated materials were determined based on the technological continuous cutting tests of the EN-GJL-250 grey cast iron. Findings: Main properties of the investigated materials were introduced. It has been stated, that properties of the cemented carbides, cermets and oxide tool ceramics with deposited multicomponent (Ti,Al)N and gradient Ti(C,N) PVD coatings increase in comparison with uncoated material. Multiple increase of tool life result among other things from almost double increase of microhardness of PVD coated materials in comparison with uncoated cemented carbides, cermets and oxide tool ceramics, increasing of thermal and chemical wear resistance and improving of chip formation and removing process' conditions. Practical implications: Pro-ecological dry cutting processes without the use of the cutting fluids and in the „Near-Net-Shape” technology. Originality/value: Application of multicomponent (Ti,Al)N and gradient Ti(C,N) types of coatings onto sintered tool materials in order to improve cutting properties of tools.
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Purpose: Investigation of the Al2O3+TiC type oxide tool ceramics and cemented carbides with the multicomponent (Ti, Al)N and gradient Ti(C, N) coatings deposited with use of the cathodic arc evaporation CAE-PVD method. Design/methodology/approach: SEM, confocal microscopy, X-ray qualitative microanalysis of elements, X-ray qualitative phase analysis. Findings: It was stated that investigated materials have a dense, compact structure and their fracture surface topography attests their high brittleness, characteristic especially for the oxide ceramic materials. The coatings were put down uniformly onto the investigated substrate materials. They have a columnar, fine-graded structure. Practical implications: Pro-ecological dry cutting processes without the use of the cutting fluids and in the "Near-Net-Shape" technology. Originality/value: Application of multicomponent (Ti, Al)N and gradient Ti(C, N) types of coatings onto sintered tool materials in order to improve cutting properties of the tools.
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Purpose: This paper presents investigation of gradient coating of (Ti,Al,Si)N deposited on the Al2O3+SiC(w) oxide ceramics substrate deposited with the PVD process. Design/methodology/approach: Structure of substrate and coating was investigated with use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM); The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS) and Auger Electron Spectrometry (AES) examinations was carried out for proving the gradient character of the (Ti,Al,Si)N coating. The investigation includes also microhardness and roughness tests of the deposited coating and used substrate. Scratch test results was analysed to introduce adherence of the investigated coating. Findings: Gradient structure and main properties of the investigated materials were introduced. It has been stated, that properties of the coated with gradient (Ti,Al,Si)N coating oxide tool ceramic increase in comparison with uncoated material. Practical implications: Depositing the wear resistant gradient coating onto the Al2O3+SiC(w) oxide tool ceramic results in a significant increase of the surface layer microhardness, contributing most probably in this way in machining to the decrease of the wear intensity of cutting tools’ flanks made from the Al2O3+SiC(w) oxide tool ceramic. Originality/value: Gradient coatings are an innovative idea. The composition, microstructure and properties of gradient materials change continuously from the surface to the interior of the material.
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Purpose: Investigation of gradient coating of (Ti,Al,Si)N deposited on the Al203+SiC(w) oxide ceramics substrate by cathodic arc evaporation CAE-PVD method. Design/methodology/approach: Structure of substrate and coating was investigated with use of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The X-Ray Photoelectron Spectrometry (XPS) examination was carried out for proving the gradient character of the (Ti,Al,Si)N coating. The investigation includes also microhardness and roughness tests of the deposited coating and used substrate; The Ra surface roughness parameter measurements were made on confocal microscope. Findings: Gradient structure and main properties of the investigated materials were introduced. It has been stated, that properties of the oxide tool ceramic with gradient (Ti,Al,Si)N coating increase in comparison with uncoated material. Practical implications: Depositing the wear resistant gradient coating onto the Al203+SiC(w) oxide tool ceramic results in a significant increase of the surface layer microhardness, contributing most probably in this way in machining to the decrease of the wear intensity of cutting tools' flanks made from the Al203+SiC(w) oxide tool ceramic. Originality/value: Functionally gradient coating form is a new class of structures in which the microstructure and properties vary gradually from the surface to the interior of the material.
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