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EN
The authors have described some examples of good business practices of CSR entrepreneurs who belongs to the SME sector of the province of Silesia and performs support activities for groups at risk of social exclusion in 2011-2015. The article briefly describes the theoretical background of corporate social responsibility and presents descriptions of selected examples of aid projects.
EN
The article deals with the issues of the innovations implemented in public transport. Their theoretical background was defined in the form of the latest concepts of territorial development: the theory of sustainable development, circular economy, and smart city. The examples of innovations quoted above have been analysed in terms of their impact on: the local community, the environment, health, safety, and economic and social aspects. The main conclusion drawn from the analysis is that technical innovations in public transport contribute to improving mobility, the comfort and safety of commute, and, at the same time, have a positive impact on the environment.
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EN
In the present article, the authors describe the best practices of management processes in local government administration offices. The authors describe these practices, the implementation of which is not significantly dependent on achievement by the local government office a certain level of organizational maturity: methods of quality management (including TQM,ISO certification, and a model of excellence EFQM) a Common Assessment Framework and methods of strategic management (balanced scorecard).
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyse the application of the good practices blanket clause on the example of the Suppression of Unfair Competition Act. First, the authors characterise the general functions and use of blanket clauses, then they focus on the one of their main interest. The authors analyse the origin of the clause as well as the actual understanding of good practice both in the doctrine and in judicial decisions, and subsequently compare the functioning, or application, of good practices and principles of community life to conclude that the application of a good practice clause is not efficient and its use in the future should be discontinued.
EN
The article concerns the third mission activities implemented by universities, which activate local community and act on its behalf. The main goal of the article is to present current trends and scope of the third mission of universities through a critical analysis of domestic and foreign literature and presentation of relevant good practices. To this end, the concept of the third mission was discussed, i.e. various activities of universities dedicated to specific groups. The accompanying goal of the article is to answer the question about the importance of the third mission in management strategies of universities in Poland in relation to the traditional tasks of universities - education and research. Universities undertake initiatives for the benefit of the local community by involving various groups of recipients, including groups at risk of social exclusion. This is an important initiative from the social point of view because it changes the university into a place accessible to all interested, a building in which both a preschooler and an elderly person can feel good and develop. The third mission not only affects students and its employees, but also shapes the knowledge society, builds social capital, reaches economic and cultural benefits, and it allows the diffusion of knowledge.
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In the 21st century, where there are more and more voices talking about problems related to the search for new employees, it is important to apply good practices in the area of employees. It is necessary to use appropriate tools and conduct appropriate personnel policy to meet the requirements of the labor market. This article will analyze the application of good CSR practices in the area of employees in selected banks operating on the Polish market. The aim of the analysis is to draw attention to the importance of a strategic approach to human resource management in today's socio-economic reality.
PL
W pracy przedstawiono analizę istniejących podstaw prawnych wymuszających zapewnienie bezpieczeństwa zewnętrznego przedsiębiorstwa posiadającego procesy lub substancje niebezpieczne. Prawo formułuje takie wymagania tylko w sytuacjach szczególnych, w pozostałych przypadkach przedsiębiorca powinien kierować się poczuciem odpowiedzialności i unikać zachowań opisanych w prawie karnym jako lekkomyślność i niedbalstwo. Działania pozwala- jące na podniesienie poziomu bezpieczeństwa zasobów przedsiębiorstwa przed działaniem niepożądanym mogą być przedmiotem kodeksu postępowania uczestników programów dobrowolnych [1]. Artykuł uzupełniono syntezą dobrych praktyk w zakresie obniżania podatności i redukcji zagrożeń.
EN
Legal fundaments enforcing security of an enterprise handling hazardous substances or operating hazardous processes and conclusions therefore are presented. Security requirements are regulated only in the specific situations. Otherwise it is expected that an entrepreneur will conduct and run his business in a socially responsible manner, avoiding behaviour defined in the law as reckless or negligent. Actions enhancing enterprise security may take a form of a voluntary accepted code [1]. The adjusted version of guidelines for the desired entrepreneurial behaviour indication of a proper code of conduct is presented and referenced.
EN
The aim of this paper is to analyse the application of the good practices blanket clause on the example of the Suppression of Unfair Competition Act. First, the authors characterise the general functions and use of blanket clauses, then they focus on the one of their main interest. The authors analyse the origin of the clause as well as the actual understanding of good practice both in the doctrine and in judicial decisions, and subsequently compare the functioning, or application, of good practices and principles of community life to conclude that the application of a good practice clause is not efficient and its use in the future should be discontinued.
EN
A major reform of the higher education system began with the entry into force of the Law on higher education and science act (from October 1, 2018), aimed at improving conditions for practicing scientific and didactic excellence in Polisch universities. The changes in the regulations concerned the organization of universities and ensuring the sustainable development of academic centers across the country, which influenced the model of university management after 2018. The edited volume entitled Dean’s offices in the process of changes. New legal and organizational reality was written at this critical time of major changes in Polish higher education, and it provides a timely and thorough overview of the implications of the reform, especially regarding the management practices.
EN
Although the most established model of digital game development is through funding from publishers, there has been a major boost to independent game development, especially after the 2000s. This production context has specific challenges, particularly for lone developers. Some indie developers share their experiences and tips with the community using videos, and these videos illustrate the challenges and mindset around indie development of their time. This article presents a survey of good practices for lone (solo) indie developers compiled from twenty-nine YouTube videos. There are thirteen content creators who shared various tips about tools to use; ways to improve the game design of a product; ways to improve production process management and how to avoid pipeline failures during the development; recommendations on how to handle and how to manage marketing, focusing on fanbase management; advice on how to stay healthy during the process and mindset changes that are required for the development of games. The tips are compiled and a discussion is made on how they outline a dimension of the indie context and mentality of their time, and how they illustrate what are considered good practices among community members.
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1989 was a dividing line in the history of Central & Eastern European countries. Not only political systems were re-organized, but also social and cultural relations had to be revisited. It is valid to education as well because it welcomed new structures, subjects and philosophies, very often in new educational environments. In Hungary, language education was in a special situation: due to the changing social demands it had to face new challenges with the introduction of foreign languages not widely taught up to this time. The three pillars of the study are the analysis of the shift from a socialist regime into capitalism and its reflection in language education, the description of the appearance of different languages in public and higher education, and the introduction of new methods and synergies applied in the new era of FLT (foreign language teaching). Illustrations of present results are provided from the two far ends of education, namely, pre-school education and kindergarten teacher-training.
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The end of IPv4 addresses is now a reality. Providers not updated to IPv6 will have to hurry up the IPv6 start in its own network. Introduction of IPv6 means not only change of main routers but also change of mentality in operators, applications' programmers besides end users. Even when for the last years the core network is prepared for transferring IPv6 traffic, other built-in parts of the Internet limit the IPv6 start. Examples of these limitations we find in not IPv6-awareness of many applications and services. For instance, voice over IP service, which uses session initiation protocol (SIP) needs to implement IPv6 aware SIP proxies and IPv6 aware AAA (authentication, authorization and accounting) servers as well as adapting application programming interfaces to IPv6. Internet protocol television (IPTV) system includes many different hardware devices, which not always are IPv6 compatible. In this paper, we propose a global solution for integrating all the devices, these one working on IPv4 and these one working on IPv6, under the same IPTV platform. This solution allows end users to receive IPTV stream irrespective of IP protocol used. The proposed solution is particularly relevant for small IPTV systems, which, step by step, are adapting into IPv6.
EN
Research aim: This paper aims to show the actions that European metropolises are taking to minimise anthropic pressure and to present the attitudes of Polish city dwellers towards climate change. Research problem and methods: The main research problem is to determine to what extent cities, within the possibilities of self-government, can limit, their negative impact on the environment, taking into account the attitudes and opinions of their inhabitants. As research methods, a system analysis, a decision-making analysis, and a behavioural method were used, within which a survey technique was applied. Process of argument: the article presents the process of climate change and its consequences for the state of the environment and the well-being of societies. Actions taken by European metropolises that are forerunners in the implementation of pro-environmental solutions that fit into the vision of the economy and society of the future are presented. This futuristic perspective was juxtaposed with an analysis of the attitudes of the inhabitants of Polish cities. Results of the scientific analysis: The scientific analysis has shown that metropolitan European communities value intangibles, recognising the state of the environment as an integral part of them. Similar attitudes have been noticed among the inhabitants of Polish cities, although they vary depending on the size of the centre. At the same time, environmental awareness is not the same as the willingness to incur costs to protect nature. Conclusions, innovations, and recommendations: Stopping climate change is only possible with the active participation of cities that are forerunners in the implementation of innovative environmental technologies. Polish cities should benefit from the good practices of European environmental leaders, with the participation of citizens in the decisions taken.
PL
Wejście w życie ustawy o rewitalizacji (Dz.U. z 2015 r. poz. 1777 z późn. zm.) z dniem 18 listopada 2015 r. umożliwiło gminom sprawne planowanie i wdrażanie procesu wyprowadzania obszarów zdegradowanych ze stanu kryzysowego. W ustawie znalazły się kluczowe uregulowania wpływające na programowanie rewitalizacji w Polsce. Jednym z najważniejszych instrumentów jest gminny program rewitalizacji (GPR). Aby móc w pełni wykorzystać potencjał, jaki drzemie w tym dokumencie, należy szukać rozwiązań pozwalających na stworzenie go w jak najbardziej kompleksowej formie. Jednym z przykładów takich działań jest współpraca ośrodka uniwersyteckiego z jednostką samorządu terytorialnego. Można powiedzieć, że dzięki połączeniu wiedzy praktycznej urzędników z wiedzą teoretyczną ekspertów ze środowiska akademickiego uzyskano projekt unikalny w skali kraju. Jest także wyjątkowy dlatego, że w procesie jego tworzenia aktywnie uczestniczyli studenci gospodarki przestrzennej. Celem artykułu jest przedstawienie przebiegu procesu współpracy Uniwersytetu im. Adama Mickiewicza z urzędem podczas sporządzania Gminnego Programu Rewitalizacji dla miasta Kalisza oraz ukazanie roli, jaką odegrali w tym projekcie studenci.
EN
The entry of the Revitalization Act on November 18, 2015 enabled municipalities to efficiently plan and conduct the process of moving degraded areas out of the crisis. The Act introduced key regulations affecting the programming of revitalization in Poland. One of the most important instruments is the Municipal Revitalization Program. In order to be able to fully use the potential of this document, we should look for solutions that allow creating the most comprehensive solutions. One of the examples of such activities is cooperation between the university and the local government. Thanks to this combination of practical knowledge of officials with theoretical knowledge of academic experts, we can say that it is a project unique in the country. It is also unique due to the fact that spatial economy students who actively participated in the document creation process were included in the work. The aim of the work is to present the course of the cooperation process of the University of Adam Mickiewicz with the Office during the preparation of the Municipal Revitalization Program for the city of Kalisz and showing the role that the students included in the project played in this project .
EN
The article is a presentation of the results of the research carried out in the Social Welfare Home in Choroszcz during the SARS-CoV-2 focal period in the facility. The analyzed research material was collected using the method of open participant observation of the social worker in the Social Welfare Home, carried out during the covid duty at the turn of September and October 2020. The purpose of the research was to show individual experiences of working in the conditions of a coronavirus outbreak and to identify the challenges resulting from increased social isolation. The article emphasizes the epidemiological situation in the facility related to: staff shortages, psychophysical condition of employees and residents, limitations in working with mentally suffering people, the needs of residents experiencing increased social isolation, difficulties in implementing the assumptions of social rehabilitation and occupational therapy. There was also an assessment of good operating rehabilitation practices in the covid sub-unit using modern technologies.
EN
The aim of the study is to present benchmarking as an element of management towards the implementation of social responsibility in an organization. The concept of benchmarking is created on the basis of best practice models implemented in management processes. The issue of benchmarking was presented in terms of theory and practices of social responsibility in Poland in terms of ISO 26000 standard in practical terms. The data from the Good Practice Reports prepared by the Responsible Business Forum were analysed. The data indicate that year by year there are more and more examples of good practices in all areas according to the ISO 26000 standard. Particular attention was paid to the growing number of solutions in the field of work, as a result of benchmarking. It was found that in the years 2008–2018 within the framework of mutual benchmarking of companies, the number of good practices in the field of work increased from 16 to 237 practices. Benchmarking of good practices in the field of work is also a confirmation of the implementation of trends contained in the Objectives of Sustainable Development, especially Objective 3, 8 and 4. The article is a contribution to a detailed analysis of what type, course and scheme of the benchmarking process occurs most frequently in Polish organizations and what is the effectiveness of the phenomenon.
PL
Celem opracowania jest przedstawienie benchmarkingu jako elementu zarządzania w kierunku realizacji społecznej odpowiedzialności w organizacji. Koncepcja benchmarkingu utworzona jest na gruncie wzorców najlepszych doświadczeń wdrożonych w procesach zarządzania. Przedstawiono zagadnienie benchmarkingu w ujęciu teoretycznym oraz w zakresie praktyk społecznej odpowiedzialności w Polsce w aspekcie Normy ISO 26000 w ujęciu praktycznym. Przeanalizowano dane z Raportów Dobrych Praktyk przygotowywanych przez Forum Odpowiedzialnego Biznesu. Dane wskazują, że z roku na rok przybywa przykładów dobrych praktyk z zakresu wszystkich obszarów według normy ISO 26000. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na wzrastającą liczbę rozwiązań z zakresu pracy, na skutek benchmarkingu. Stwierdzono, że w latach 2008–2018 w ramach wzajemnego benchmarkingu firm liczba dobrych praktyk z zakresu pracy wzrosła z 16 do 237 praktyk. Benchmarking dobrych praktyk z zakresu pracy to również potwierdzenie realizacji trendów zawartych w Celach Zrównoważonego Rozwoju, szczególnie celu 3, 8 oraz 4. Artykuł stanowi przyczynek do szczegółowej analizy jaki rodzaj, przebieg, schemat procesu benchmarkingu występuje najczęściej w polskich organizacjach i jaka jest efektywność zjawiska.
EN
Both the general clause of rules of social conduct and the one of good practices apply in corporate relations – both internal and external ones. However, in internal relations of commercial companies, these clauses are accounted for to the same extent the provisions of the civil code are applied due to the nature of the legal relation of a commercial company (Art 2 of the Code of Commercial Companies). The diversity of opinions concerning the essence of both clauses results from the presence of indeterminate phrases in them. What is indicated in both cases is the reference to, primarily, moral and social norms, honesty and decency.The specific concurrence of general rules of social conduct and good practices in the relations of commercial companies occurs when the same aspect is subject to appraisal in different companies, applying one or the other clause. This is the consequence of the civil code applying mainly the clause of rules of social conduct whereas the code of commercial companies – the one of good practices, and the definition of the mutual relation of both codes as the one of lex generalis – lex specialis (Art. 2 of the Code of Commercial Companies). Such a concurrence of both clauses is primarily present on two planes: the appraisal of the scope of the freedom of contract in forming contracts of commercial companies (Art. 3 of the Code of Commercial Companies) and actions against company resolutions.It seems that it needs to be adopted that as regards the code of commercial companies the clause of “good practices” is equivalent to the one of ‘rules of social conduct’ that is present in the Civil Code. Due to the wide scope of application of these clauses, it seems most justified to recognise that they establish a certain model of appropriate honest and decent conduct in human relations. They can be seen as a kind of a conglomerate of social norms of various origin, that is norms that can be justified on moral, social, organisational or even economic grounds.
PL
W stosunkach spółek handlowych – zarówno wewnętrznych, jak i zewnętrznych – znajduje zastosowanie klauzula generalna zasad współżycia społecznego i klauzula dobrych obyczajów. W stosunkach wewnętrznych spółek handlowych klauzule te jednak podlegają uwzględnieniu w takim zakresie, w jakim przepisy kodeksu cywilnego stosuje się z uwagi na naturę stosunku prawnego spółki handlowej (art. 2 k.s.h.). Rozbieżności poglądów dotyczących istoty obu klauzul są konsekwencją występowania w nich zwrotów niedookreślonych. W obu przypadkach wskazuje się na odesłanie przede wszystkim do norm moralnych, obyczajowych, uczciwości, przyzwoitości.Specyficzny zbieg (konkurencja) klauzul generalnych zasad współżycia społecznego i dobrych obyczajów w stosunkach spółek handlowych występuje w przypadkach, gdy ten sam ich aspekt podlega ocenie w różnych spółkach przy wykorzystaniu jednej lub drugiej klauzuli. Stanowi to konsekwencję posługiwania się przez kodeks cywilny przede wszystkim klauzulą zasad współżycia społecznego, a przez kodeks spółek handlowych – klauzulą dobrych obyczajów oraz ujęcia wzajemnej relacji tych kodeksów jako lex generalis – lex specialis (art. 2 k.s.h.). Taka konkurencja obu klauzul jest widoczna przede wszystkim w dwóch płaszczyznach: oceny zakresu swobody umów przy kształtowaniu umowy spółki handlowej (art. 3 k.s.h.) oraz zaskarżania uchwał zgromadzeń w spółkach kapitałowych.Wydaje się, że na gruncie kodeksu spółek handlowych należy przyjąć, że klauzula „dobre obyczaje” jest odpowiednikiem klauzuli „zasady współżycia społecznego”, występującej w kodeksie cywilnym. Ze względu na szeroki zakres stosowania tych klauzul najbardziej uzasadnione wydaje się uznanie, że wyznaczają one pewien model właściwego, uczciwego postępowania w stosunkach międzyludzkich. Można je uznać za pewien konglomerat norm społecznych o zróżnicowanej proweniencji, zarówno mających uzasadnienie moralne, jak i obyczajowe, organizacyjne czy nawet ekonomiczne.
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Content available Jak SKOK-i przetrwały kryzys finansowy?
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EN
The article contains analysis of what conditions caused that credit unions (esp. Polish cooperative savings and credit unions – SKOK) coped with turbulences on financial markets. Credit unions in Poland as well as in other countries sustained crisis better then banks. The majority of credit unions in the world did not record significant problems. Moreover, they did not take part in the development of „subprime” economic markets. Then the question appeared: what characteristics caused that they were more resistant against turbulences. Conclusion seems to be, that the factors resisting credit unions for the crisis have the institutional and above cultural character.
PL
Wydarzenia związane ze światowym kryzysem finansowym negatywnie wpłynęły na ekonomikę banków komercyjnych, przyczyniając się do postawienia wielu systemów bankowych w trudnej sytuacji. Niniejsza publikacja porusza kwestie związane z prowadzeniem działalności bankowej w trudnych warunkach rynkowych, panujących w latach 2008-2009. Na wstępnie odniesiono się do perturbacji w sektorze finansowym oraz działań podjętych w celu przywrócenia zachwianej równowagi gospodarczej i finansowej największych instytucji pośrednictwa finansowego. Przedstawiono negatywne zjawiska, jakie pojawiły się w największych gospodarkach świata oraz ich wpływ na działalność banków komercyjnych. W pozostałej części publikacji opisano praktyki banków stosowane podczas najtrudniejszych lat kryzysu ze wskazaniem instytucji osiągających najlepszą pozycję rynkową, przywołując niektóre z ich wyników finansowych.
EN
The recent financial turmoil influenced the economics of many banks around the world. Many major financial institutions as well as the whole financial systems were seriously troubled. This article deals with the issues of conducting banking activity in difficult market conditions of 2008 and 2009. Opportunities and threats resulting from the policy of particular banks and the groups of banks were listed. Moreover, the examples of the most efficient banks, both in Europe and other parts of the world as well as their best practices and financial data were discussed.
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