Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Prekonávanie prekážok pri dosahovaní osobných cieľov narušených zdravotným stavom: kvalitatívna štúdia

100%

Hricová M. , Sopková N.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

|

2024

|

tom 68

|

nr 5

452-469

EN

The purpose of the study was to examine the current general socio-psychological topic in the form of a question: how do people experience, react and overcome problems in achieving a personal goal, in real, concrete situational conditions. In this context, the authors chose a somatic disease - diabetes mellitus. Diabetes mellitus as a chronic disease accompanies patients throughout their lives. It is a natural source of goal-related obstacles. Six semi-structured interviews with people with diabetes were investigated using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Delving into the participantʼ world offers an in-depth view of the experience and whether and how somatic illness affects goal-oriented behavior and how (if at all) the importance is attached to strategies in overcoming possible daily obstacles associated with this illness. Four subthemes (difficulty to control situations, complications, frustration, persistence of obstacles) were identified, which pointed to the experience of an action crisis in diabetics. Coping strategies were also recorded, which were identified from the text by the following subthemes: acceptance, experimentation, planning and prevention, information and education, the influence of others, rumination, hope, and rationalization. Reflecting the awareness of relativity in the peoplesʼ perception of the diagnosis as an obstacle, the final third superordinate theme was formulated as an overall attitude towards the disorder, while this theme also highlights the importance of the aforementioned coping strategies.

2

The level of trainers' emotional competence, sense of common purpose and engagement in its implementation, and the impact on the quality of relationship with players in individual sports

100%

Skwarek K. M.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2014

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tom 6

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nr 2

103-111

EN

Presented conspect devoted to the subject of cooperation between the coach and the player in individual disciplines of competitive sports concerns the impact of the level of trainer's emotional intelligence to engage in efforts to improve the quality of relationships and a sense of commonality and purpose of a cooperating player. The literature suggests that in order to build and sustain commitment to the player by the coach it is important to include mutual trust, positive relationship and clearly defined goal acceptable to both parties. (Czajkowski 1994). The existing research related to the topic of Emotional Intelligence suggests its impact on many aspects of human functioning in the positive relationship with the environment and the satisfaction and success in the workplace. (Jaworska and Matczak 2005). The indicated dimensions play an important role in the prevention of burnout and improve the quality of cooperation between the coach and the player. Studies carried out on a sample of 48 cooperating sports teams (trainer - athlete) have shown that a significant level of trainers' emotional competence affects the emotional aspect related to the purpose of their trained athletes. Athletes working with trainers who present higher levels of emotional intelligence showed greater satisfaction derived from activities aimed at achieving a common goal and mutual relationship and declared a common vision for the future. These data suggest that the level of trainers' emotional intelligence may be important not only for motivation of cooperating players, but also for the satisfaction they derive from their work, helping to increase the quality of life in the workplace. At the same time, it could reduce the risk of burnout, not only athletes but also trainers.

3

The Structure of Goal Contents Revisited. A Verification of the Model in Polish Samples

100%

Górnik-Durose M. , Jach Ł.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2016

|

nr 4

451-463

EN

The article presents an attempt to confirm the circumplex structure of goal contents, identified in 15 cultures around the world (Grouzet et al., 2005), in nine Polish samples. The procedure followed steps from the original study and included testing the assumed 11-factor goal structure and the two-dimensional circular organization of the goal contents. None of the analyses showed outcomes that would explicitly confirm the results attained in the original study. The CFA showed rather poor fits. Results of the MDS generally supported the assumption about the two-dimensional goal contents structure, however ipsative distance analysis reproduced only one of the two assumed dimensions. Finally, although the CIRCUM analysis showed in principle that in the Polish sample the organization of goal contents on the circumference was quite similar to original, the RMSEA indicated poor fit. Methodological and conceptual reasons for the replication failure are analyzed and discussed.

4

Nadzieja jako predyktor wymiarów dobrostanu psychicznego

100%

Krok D.

Polskie Forum Psychologiczne

|

2013

|

tom XVIII

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nr 2

157-172

EN

The paper aims at examining the predictive role of hope in hedonistic and eudaimonistic dimensions of subjective well-being. Five questionnaires were applied: Scale of Hope, BHI-12 Questionnaire, Satisfaction with Life Scale, PANAS-X Scale, Psychological Well-Being Scale. 206 people were subjected to the above methods. The obtained results suggest that hope understood in terms of success and as basic hope is interconnected both with hedonistic and eudaimonistic well-being. Hope for success appears to be a better predictor for a majority of dimensions of well-being, apart from the affective dimension of subjective well-being in which basic hope has a stronger predictive value. The existing connections between hope and hedonistic and eudaimonistic well-being can result from the concept of goals which is deeply embedded in both constructs and has significant motivational roles.

5

Higher Education System in the Context of Sustainable Development Goals (on the Example of Georgia)

88%

Darchashvili M.

Journal of Education Culture and Society

|

2022

|

tom 13

|

nr 2

705-712

EN

Aim. The purpose of the article is to study, analyse and present the readiness of Georgia in the modern period to meet international problems – it is the main goal of sustainable development, including higher education. The government of Georgia, since ancient times correctly understood the role of education for future prosperity, currently the government is doing its best to meet the international challenges in the fourth goal of sustainable development - education, including higher education. Methods. The paper is presented based on official documents, scientific research papers, analysis, and the historical-comparative method. Results. The article presents important challenges for the integration of the Georgian state into the European space at the present stage, which is enshrined in the Constitution (Parliament of Georgia, 2018) and several important documents. In this context, promoting access to education is an important international agreement for the country to overcome modern global challenges - one of the most important goals of sustainable development - an important precondition for strengthening the socio-political and cultural development of society. Conclusion. The paper is based on the study/processing of international and local official materials, as well as expert research has the opportunity to assess the readiness of the higher education system to follow the goals of sustainable development. The country’s relevant structures are actively creating all the conditions for the convergence/engagement of the Georgian educational space under modern international standards which has been demonstrated in practice by the capabilities of higher education institutions.

6

University ethos versus the idea of sustainable development

88%

Łaszczyk J. , Kulesza E. M.

Szkoła Specjalna

|

2020

|

tom LXXXI(1)

5-10

EN

The authors take the view that science is responsible today for building society according to the idea of human community, and university mission – apart from striving for the truth – should consist in serving social needs by developing human capital. In the article, they emphasize the importance of cultivating academic ethos for the existence of science and the academic community, and express concern, as the destruction of this ethos, weakening of thinking with reference to values, and recognition of the superiority of instrumental values (interests) over autotelic (cognitive and moral) values are observed. The authors note that in many European countries, education comes down to equipping university graduates with qualifications that enable rapid adaptation to changes in the labor market, that is to acknowledging that the intensification of economic growth is the primary social task. In the university education sphere, humanistic reflection, which is a distinguishing feature of European culture, which subordinates technology and economy to the goals delineated by wisdom, is poorly expressed or even absent. This places even more responsibility on universities for educating teachers – educators of future generations. These universities, including The Maria Grzegorzewska University, that train students to work with people with special needs have a special duty toward society, as modern university graduates should not only be top-class specialists but, above all, people who are sensitive to others’ needs, tolerant, reflective, creative, open, and active in support, and for the welfare, of environment in a broad sense.

7

The Ethical, Political and Economic Challenges of Effective Altruism

75%

Kucz M. , Rosół P.

Ethics in Progress

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2020

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tom 11

|

nr 1

61-76

PL

This paper presents a critical evaluation of ethical and philosophical concerns about the effective altruism as an ethical position. Effective altruists claim that one of our important ethical obligations is to do the most good possible, with the biggest possible positive impact. This impact should be measured with rational tools and by evaluating the effectiveness of our actions. At first glance, this might seem as a consensus building position, a good starting point for building a community of people wanting to change the world for the better. In our paper, we present some difficulties which are connected with such a way of thinking about charity and an ethical obligation to donate. We discuss the problem of the commercialization of ethical values, understanding effectiveness, agreeing about goals, as well as the political consequences of effective altruism understood as an ethical position.

8

Забезпечення системного підходу до внутрішнофірмового розвитку персоналу

75%

Banit O.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

|

2014

|

nr 2(8)

161-168

EN

The author characterizes structural and logical components of systems approach to intra-firm staff development. Two groups of components of this system have been selected. The first group consists of those items that can be called systems: the organization as a whole; separate organizational unit (department, laboratory, division); permanent or temporary employees engaged in certain activities; each individual employee. The second group is associated with organizational values, projections, goals, expected results, stages for their achievement and implementation, production processes and technologies, corporate culture. Some stages that create the system of education, are presented: definition of learning objectives, diagnostics of the level of personnel development, identifying the expectations of employees, preparation of individual training and development plans, selection of types and methods, coordination of individual plans, making the budget of training, adjusting of training plans.

9

Dosahovanie cieľov a prekonávanie prekážok mladých ľudí v období pandémie covid-19: kvalitatívna štúdia

75%

Schrötter J. , Hricová M. , Kačmár P. , Lovaš L.

Československá psychologie (Czechoslovak Psychology)

|

2023

|

tom 67

|

nr 5

273-290

EN

Objectives. The aim of the study was to perform in-depth qualitative research of setting and pursuing goals, as well as overcoming obstacles in young adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Sample and setting. The sample comprised 30 people, ages 19-29 years (19 men), the average age was 24.37 (SD = 3.05). Statistical analysis. Phenomenological qualitative analysis was performed. Results. Qualitative analysis of the interviews revealed some already known key (main) topics of achieving the goals in young adults, however, it also revealed additional significant topics. The analysis indicated that prioritizing short-term goals can be a functional response to the decreased ability to achieve a long-term goal, but also that short-term goals are preferred because they strengthen self: self-efficacy, self-realisation, and provide satisfaction from the goal attainment. The analysis also revealed the importance of the phenomenon of goal interconnection, where a young adult’s planning does not have to be focused on meeting a goal at a certain time or age (clock-time style); on the contrary, a young adult may focus on events (event-time style). By achieving one goal, a person can shift to achieving another, interconnected goal. However, in young adults achieving the goal is not always associated with a feeling of satisfaction. Results also suggested that sharp changes in goals (goals instability) could potentially be also a strategy of further goal calibration, a strategy of finding goals that are meaningful and fulfilling. An important contribution of the research is studying the goals and planning of young adults during the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic in Slovakia. The results propose that the pandemic has the potential to affect all phases of the Mindset theory of Action Phases. Limitations. The qualitative character of the study does not enable the results to be quantified.

10

Bezpieczeństwo powszechne obywateli - nadrzędnym celem działalności Ogólnopolskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Zabezpieczeń Przeciwpożarowych i Sprzętu Ratowniczego

75%

Grabowski P.

Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza

|

2007

|

tom Nr 1

167--170

PL

Autor artykułu przedstawia strukturę Ogólnopolskiego Stowarzyszenia Producentów Zabezpieczeń Przeciwpożarowych i Sprzętu Ratowniczego. Omówiono również plany i główne cele działalności Stowarzyszenia. Przedstawiono również wykaz innych instytucji współpracujących ze Stowarzyszeniem.

11

Szanse i zagrożenia rozwoju rynków energetycznych - perspektywa europejska

75%

Malko J.

Polityka Energetyczna

|

2006

|

tom T. 9, z. spec.

13-25

PL

Podstawowym celem ważnych dokumentów Komisji Europejskiej: Zielonych Ksiąg o energii (wydanych w latach 2000 i 2006) oraz Raportu na temat dochodzeń sektorowych dla rynków gazu i energii elektrycznej, była identyfikacja barier, które obecnie wstrzymują rozwój funkcjonalnego, otwartego i konkurencyjnego europejskiego rynku energii jako bazy dla bardziej sprawiedliwych cen dla odbiorcy końcowego, bardziej efektywnej alokacji i wykorzystywania zasobów, większej otwartości na źródła energii odnawialnej oraz zapewnienia zrównoważonych i bezpiecznych dostaw. W szczególności pięć zasadniczych zagrożeń dentyfikowano jako koncentrację rynkową, integrowanie pionowe, brak generacji, działalności sieciowej, obrotu zintegrowania rynków narodowych, brak przejrzystości reguł oraz sposób stanowienia cen.

EN

The overall objective of fundamental European Commission's documents: Green Papers on Energy (issued in 2000 and 2006 y., respetively) and Report on Sector Inquiry on the gas and electricity markets was to indentify the barriers currently impeding the development of a fully functioning open and competitive EU-wide energy market as a basis for fairer prices for the final consumer, more efficient allocation and use of resources, more openess for renewables and sustainable and secure of energy supply. Especially the five main threads are: market concentration, vertical enclosure, lack of integration, lack of transparency and price formation.

12

Motywy i czynniki warunkujące poziom aktywności fizycznej aresztowanych oraz skazanych w warunkach izolacji

75%

Kosendiak A. , Trzeciak D.

Rozprawy Naukowe Akademii Wychowania Fizycznego we Wrocławiu

|

2019

|

tom 64

70-80

PL

Cel badań. Ocena poziomu aktywności ruchowej mężczyzn odbywających karę pozbawienia wolności. Określenie motywów oraz podjęcie próby ustalenia przyczyn poziomu aktywności fizycznej. Materiał i metody. Grupę badaną stanowiło 277 mężczyzn w wieku 18–70 lat (średnia wieku 32,57± 8,85 roku) przebywający w Areszcie Śledczym we Wrocławiu. W badaniach wykorzystano metodę sondażu diagnostycznego przy użyciu Międzynarodowego Kwestionariusza Aktywności Fizycznej IPAQ oraz autorskiego kwestionariusza dotyczącego roli aktywności fizycznej. Wyniki. Niski poziom aktywności odnotowano u 46,5% badanych, umiarkowany u prawie 12%, a wysoki u ponad 41%. Jedynie u 43% osadzonych BMI było w normie. Głównymi motywami do podejmowania wysiłku fizycznego okazała się chęć utrzymania sprawności oraz aspekty związane z poprawą cech osobowości i charakteru. Wnioski. Niski poziom aktywności ruchowej u aresztowanych może wynikać ze specyfiki warunków odbywania kary. Istotne wydaje się angażowanie mężczyzn do pracy fizycznej oraz organizowanie działań profilaktycznych zgodnych z potrzebą grupy.

EN

Background. Assessment of the level of physical activity men during detention. Defining motifs and to try to determine the causes of a specific level of physical activity. Material and methods. The test group consisted of men (n = 277) aged 18–70 from Remand Centre in Wroclaw. The average age of subjects was 32,57 ± 8,85. In the research technique the diagnostic survey using the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) and a questionnaire concerning the role of activity in life. Results. Low level of physical activity was noted in 46.5% of respondents, moderate in almost 12% of people, and high in over 41% of respondents. Only 43% of prisoners had BMI in the norm. The main motives for action were the willingness to maintain efficiency and aspects related to the improvement of personality and character traits. Conclusions. Low levels of physical activity may result from specific conditions for prisoners serving a sentence. It seems important to engage men in physical work and organize preventive activities in line with the group’s needs.

13

Personality Psychology: Current Status and Prospects For the Future

75%

Pervin L.

Polish Psychological Bulletin

|

2008

|

nr 4

171-177

EN

The author wants to consider the current status and future of the field of personality psychology, often basing his observations on his own research and theoretical interests. He begins by summarizing what he has to say in terms of three points of emphasis: First, the field of personality can be viewed in terms of three disciplines - trait, social cognitive, and psychodynamic - each associated with its own empirical procedures and observations. That is, each is associated with its own form of personality data but all represent relevant data. Second, there is a need in the field for a dynamic systems perspective, one that emphasizes the interplay among the parts of the personality system in the course of the person's ongoing transactions with the physical and interpersonal environment. Third, in the future personality psychologists increasingly will have to integrate findings from biopsychology and neuroscience into their theories and research questions. This raises the question of how they can create bridges across levels of analysis and avoid the problem of reductionism. In other words, there is the issue of how personality psychologists will address the mind-body problem.

14

Mapa drogowa do gospodarki niskowęglowej

63%

Malko J.

Rynek Energii

|

2010

|

tom nr 4

26-30

PL

Raport "Roadmap 2050" stwierdza, że korzyści niskowęglowego sektora energetycznego w Europie znacznie przewyższają zagrożenia. Zdekarbonizowany sektor energii elektrycznej zdolny jest do wykorzystania elektryczności po tych samych kosztach co dzisiejsza wysokoemisyjna infrastruktura i przy takiej samej niezawodności. W raporcie dokonano oceny czterech scenariuszy dekarbonizacji. Nie są one uzależnione od importu energii elektrycznej i są oparte na technologiach istniejących bądź znajdujących się w końcowej fazie rozwoju.

EN

A report "Roadmap 2050" claims the benefits of a low - carbon energy in Europe for outweigh the challenges . A decarbonized electricity sector would produce electricity at the same costs as the carbon-intensive infrastructure of today and would be as reliable. Four decarbonized scenarios come under scrutinity in the report. These don't rely on imported electricity and are based on existing or late - stage development technologies.

15

ЦІЛІ ПРОФЕСІЙНОЇ ДІЯЛЬНОСТІ В СИСТЕМІ ЖИТТЄВО ВАЖЛИВИХ ПЕРСПЕКТИВ СТУДЕНТІВ МАГІСТРАТУРИ

63%

Мирончук Н.

Педагогічні науки: теорія, історія, інноваційні технології

|

2015

|

nr 10(54)

127-133

EN

The teacher of higher educational establishment must be able to generate innovative ideas, to think and operate the system in different conditions and circumstances, to join in the system of educational modernizations effectively and carry out an effective action, which needs to form for him high level of organization of professional activity. Organization of the professional activity of a higher school teacher is possible on the basis of the conscious raising of goals, planning and determination of strategies of own development and self-perfection. The aim of the article is an exposure of semantic essence and place of the professionally oriented goals in the system of vitally important prospects of postgraduate students, methods of their rising and facilities of realization. It is emphasized in the article that a goal must be concrete, measureable, accessible and realistic and planned at times. The methods of analysis and synthesis of scientific literature are used for defining the essence of goals and their descriptions, and also the methods of diagnostics are applied for the receipt of empiric material (questionnaire, questioning, and analysis of perspective plans). It is stressed that goal must be concrete, measureable, accessible, and realistic and planned in time. It is set that facilities of achievement of goals are human possibilities (capabilities and mechanisms of psyche), spiritual foods of activity of man (subjective judgments and public experience; feelings, emotions; expressive technique), teaching methodology, technical equipment, pedagogical instruments. In the articles the perspective plans of development of postgraduate students of Zhytomyr state university named after Ivan Franco are analyzed. It is stated that professional activity for the future teachers of higher school is important. But the analysis of judgments of respondents testifies to non-concrete, immeasurable sometimes, important not enough and clear goals in separate perspective plans. For this reason actual is a necessity to teach the future specialists of higher school the methods of rising of goals and determination of ways of their achievement that is related to structurally-design abilities, the instruments of forming of that will be presented in other publications

16

Enterprise performance measurement and management

63%

Jáčová H.

Nauki o Finansach

|

2013

|

nr 2 (15)

117-133

EN

In recent years the question of measurement of the financial performance of an enterprise has been frequently asked. The current economic environment is characterized by constant change. The development of the business environment has bought a completely new approach to the measurement of the financial performance of enterprises. In a market-oriented economy, enterprises are especially focused on the growth of their market value, based on their corporate strategies. The evaluation of enterprise success in a simple and quick way is one of the most important requirements set by owners and investors. The latest findings from the area of company management clearly show that for the long-term success of enterprises it is not enough to evaluate the history using the financial indicators. Enterprises must be watched and evaluated systematically, whereas the main task of management should be to employ new methodologies and management tools. One of the models used for the management of company performance is the Balanced Scorecard model, also taking into account – besides the traditional financial criteria – non-financial criteria.

17

Controlled Chaos with Consumer Welfare as the Winner – a Study of the Goals of Polish Antitrust Law

63%

Miąsik D.

Yearbook of Antitrust and Regulatory Studies

|

2008

|

tom 1(1)

33-57

EN

This article presents the main issues relating to the goals of modern Polish competition law. It examines the relationship between the subject-matter of competition law, its function and its goals. It identifies various goals of competition law as well as their acceptance in the legal doctrine and jurisprudence. The study shows that the goals of Polish competition law have always been limited to enhancing efficiency and consumer welfare, with this latter term being understood in a post-Chicago-school fashions, rather than accordingly to its Chicago-school origin. This article shows how an 18-years competition law system, rather accidentally than deliberately, took the best ideas from both the American and the European legal tradition and mix them up into an incoherent, yet workable system of competition protection which is favourable towards efficient operations and, at the same time, safeguards consumers against exploitation and diminished choice.

18

Dydaktyczny wymiar integralnego rozwoju i wychowania osoby ucznia w świetle koncepcji Stefana Kunowskiego i Podstawy programowej

63%

Chałas K.

Roczniki Pedagogiczne

|

2018

|

tom 10(46)

|

nr 2

75-102

PL

W kontekście tematu opracowania pojawia się podstawowe pytanie: jak przedstawia się dydaktyczny wymiar poszczególnych warstw rozwoju człowieka w odniesieniu do Podstawy programowej? Powyższe pytanie implikuje pytania szczegółowe: jaki zakres zadań szkoły występuje w Podstawie programowej w aspekcie poszczególnych warstwic?; w których przedmiotach skoncentrowane są treści odpowiadające poszczególnym warstwicom?; jaki zakres celów ogólnych i szczegółowych występuje w przedmiotach nauczania w odniesieniu do warstwic?; jakiego rodzaju metody pracy wychowawczo-dydaktycznej proponowane są w Podstawie programowej w odniesieniu do poszczególnych warstwic? Odpowiedzi na powyższe pytania poszukiwano metodą analizy i syntezy materiału. Analizowanymi materiałami były: koncepcja integralnego rozwoju i wychowania oraz Podstawa programowa dla klas IV-VIII szkoły podstawowej.

EN

In the context of the topic of the study, the basic question arises: what is the didactic dimension of the individual layers of human development in relation to the Core curriculum? The above question implies specific questions: what is the scope of the school's tasks in terms of individual contours in the core curriculum?; in which subjects are the content of the individual contours concentrated?; what is the scope of general and specific objectives in teaching subjects with respect to contours?; what kind of educational and didactic work method are proposed in relation to particular contours in the core curriculum? Answers to the above questions were searched for by means of material analysis and synthesis. The analyzed materials were: the concept of integral development and upbringing and the core curriculum for grades IV-VIII of the elementary school.

19

Innovative Realization of Quantitative Goals in BDI Agents via Partial Utility Functions

63%

Przybylski M. , Cichocki P.

Studia Informatica : systems and information technology

|

2006

|

tom Vol. 1(7)

105--116

EN

Agents play an important role in high level artificial intelligence in such areas as distributed decision support, robot control, computer games, etc. Currently, the most popular high-level agent architectures are based on the belief-desire-intention (BDI) model. BDI agents are usually specified in modal logic. This is efficient for defining event goals. However, defining quantitative goals can be very difficult in many popular formalisms. In this paper we propose a method for expressing quantitative goals by associating partial utility functions with agent’s goals. We propose a modified BDI agent architecture which is loosely based on fuzzy logic. In this architecture, approximation of partial derivatives of those functions enables us to use gradient based optimization algorithms in the intention reconsideration step to weight some action specializations. Using the proposed approach allows us to easily combine quantitative and event goals, and consider them all while planning. This paper also describes a simple language which can be used to elegantly describe generic action libraries in accordance to the proposed model.

20

Aspects of strategic decision making in the trade unions of Latvia: Topicality and problems

63%

Line A.

Zeszyty Naukowe Małopolskiej Wyższej Szkoły Ekonomicznej w Tarnowie

|

2015

|

nr 4(28)

13-24

EN

Introduction. The present situation in Latvia can be characterized by a high, persistent unemployment level, economic emigration, stress at the workplace and individualization of society. The aim of the paper is to reveal the aspects of strategic decision making in the trade unions of Latvia, their topicality and problems evaluating the involvement of the Latvian trade union members in strategic decision making and the comprehension of constant union goals. Methods. The theoretical and methodological basis of the research lies in the scientific literature published in the European Union states and the United States of America. The empirical research employs qualitative research methods: semi-structured interviews and document analysis. Material and results. The strategic decision making proces was characterized in the analysis of the theoretical sources. The practice of strategic decision making in Latvian trade unions was clarified in the empirical research.The paper concludes that the practice of delegation of strategic decision making should be improved to encourage members involving in the realization of the trade union’s goals and objectives. It is advisable to increase unanimity of chairpersons and members in the trade unions in Latvia, which can be ensured by promoting the comprehension about strategic decisions using the form of a dialogue between the chairpersons of the LBAS and the chairpersons of Latvian field/ professional trade unions as well as a dialogue between the chairpersons of Latvian field/ professional trade unions and union members, strategic decision making process, goals, trade union members

PL

Wstęp. Obecną sytuację na Łotwie cechują niezmiennie: wysoki poziom bezrobocia, emigracja zarobkowa, stres w miejscu pracy oraz indywidualizacja społeczeństwa. Niniejsza praca ma na celu ukazanie aspektów podejmowania decyzji strategicznych w związkach zawodowych na Łotwie, ich tematyki i problemów, ocenę zaangażowania członków łotewskich związków zawodowych w podejmowanie decyzji strategicznych oraz zrozumienie stałych celów związków. Metody. Podstawę teoretyczną i metodologiczną badań stanowi literatura naukowa opublikowana w państwach Unii Europejskiej oraz w Stanach Zjednoczonych. W badaniach empirycznych posłużono się metodami badań jakościowych: wywiadem częściowo ustrukturyzowanym oraz analizą dokumentów. Materiał i wyniki. Proces podejmowania decyzji strategicznych został scharakteryzowany w analizie źródeł teoretycznych. Praktyka podejmowania decyzji strategicznych w łotewskich związkach zawodowych została objaśniona w badaniach empirycznych. Artykuł kończą wnioski, iż praktykę delegowania decyzji strategicznych należałoby usprawnić, aby zachęcić członków do angażowania się w realizację celów związkowych. Wskazane jest zwiększenie jednomyślności przewodniczących i członków związków zawodowych na Łotwie, co można zapewnić poprzez promowanie rozumienia decyzji strategicznych, wykorzystując formę dialogu pomiędzy przewodniczącymi LBAS a przewodniczącymi łotewskich terenowych/branżowych związków zawodowych oraz dialogu pomiędzy przewodniczącymi łotewskich terenowych/branżowych związków zawodowych a członkami związków.