Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Peptone as a nitrogen source for erythritol production from glycerol by Yarrowia lipolytica yeast

100%

Tomaszewska L.

Challenges of Modern Technology

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2012

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tom Vol. 3, no. 4

49--52

EN

Erythritol is a compound widely distributed in nature. It found application in medicine, cosmetics, chemical and food industry. It has 60–80% sweetness in comparison to sucrose, very low energy value (~0.2 kcal/g), is non-cariogenic and free of gastric side-eff ects. This sugar alcohol is commercially produced in microbiological processes using glucose and sucrose. Glycerol, which is produced in large amounts by biodiesel industry, can be used as alternative substrate for the production of erythritol by Yarrowia lipolytica yeast. The aim of the study was to examine the impact of peptone on erythritol production from glycerol by Wratislavia K1 strain of Y. lipolytica. In the 10-days shake-fl asks experiment the peptone concentration of 1–12 g/L were examined. Pure glycerol (98% wt/wt) was used as carbon and energy source. The media were supplemented with 2.5% and 5% of NaCl. The results showed that peptone could be used as nitrogen source in erythritol biosynthesis from glycerol by Y. lipolytica yeast. The best results were achieved with 2 g/L of peptone and 5% of NaCl, where yeast produced 18.2 g/L of erythritol, corresponding to 0.23 g/g yield, 0.11 g/(Lh) volumetric productivity and specifi c production rate of 0.010 g/(gh). In this conditions minimal level of of by-products was formed — arabitol production was not observed while mannitol, citric acids and α-ketoglutaric acid did not exceed 0.4, 4.4 and 2.0 g/L, respectively.

2

Hydrogenolysis of Glycerol to 1,2-Propanediol over Cu/SiO2 Catalysts Prepared by Ion-Exchange Method

100%

Zheng J. , Zhu W. C. , Ma C. X. , Jia M. J. , Wang Z. L. , Hou Y. H. , Zhang W. X.

Polish Journal of Chemistry

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2009

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tom Vol. 83, nr 7

1379-1387

EN

The catalytic properties of supported copper silica prepared by ion-exchange method (denoted as Cu/SiO2-IE) were investigated for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol in a fixed-bed tubular reactor. Compared with the Cu/SiO2 catalyst prepared by wet impregnation and sol-gel methods, Cu/SiO2-IE shows very high activity (99.6 percent conversion of glycerol) and selectivity (86.4 percent to 1,2-propanediol) at 523 K and under hydrogen pressure of 4.0 MPa. The main reason for its good performance in the title reaction may be assigned to the co-existence of two types of active centers, which are the highly dispersed metallic copper and copper ions, on the Cu/SiO2-IE catalysts.

3

Usuwanie NaCl z gliceryny w procesie wymiany jonowej

100%

Warchoł J. , Petrus R. , Carmona M. , Rodriguez J. F.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2008

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tom T. 87, nr 5

613-615

4

Influence of reduction time of copper based catalysts: Cu/Al2O3and CuCr2O4on hydrogenolysis of glycerol

100%

Wołosiak-Hnat A. , Milchert E. , Lewandowski G. , Grzmil B.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

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2011

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tom 13

|

nr 4

71-76

EN

High activity of copper based catalysts for C-O bond hydro-dehydrogenation and their poor activity for C-C bond cleavage1 have prompted an attempt to apply such catalysts in the hydrogenolysis of glycerol to 1,2- and 1,3-propanediol. In the present study the influence of hydrogen reduction time of the Cu/Al2O3 and CuCr2O4 copper catalysts on glycerol conversion and selectivity of transformation to propanediols and by-products was studied. At first a general comparison was made between the commercial catalysts and those prepared by the co-precipitation method. As better results were obtained in the presence of catalysts prepared by co-precipitation, they were selected for further detailed studies of the influence of reduction time. For both prepared catalysts Cu/Al2O3 and CuCr2O4 the reduction time of 8 h was optimal. In the presence of Cu/Al2O3 catalyst the conversion of glycerol was 59.0%, selectivity of transformation to 1,2-propanediol 77.4% and selectivity to 1,3-propanediol 1.9%. In the presence of CuCr2O4 the glycerol conversion was 30.3% and selectivity to 1,2-propanediol 67.3%.

5

Jakość gliceryny pozyskiwanej w procesie metanolizy oleju rzepakowego

100%

Walisiewicz-Niedbalska W. , Kijeński J.

Chemik

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2004

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tom Vol. 57, nr 3/4

121-124

PL

Przedstawiono charakterystykę frakcji glicerynowych pozyskiwanych w procesie metanolizy oleju rzepakowego rafinowanego i tłoczonego surowego oraz po częściowej jego rafinacji. Wykazano zależność między zawartością glicerolu i części nieorganicznych (popici) we frakcjach glicerynowych, a stopniem rafinacji oleju rzepakowego. Zastosowanie NaOH jako katalizatora może zmniejszyć zawartość soli nieorganicznych we frakcjach glicerynowych, ze względu na mniejszą rozpuszczalność mydeł sodowych w roztworach glicerynowych. Zwrócono uwagę na fakt, że przy ocenie technologii i instalacji do metanolizy olejów roślinnych, jakość frakcji glicerynowych należy traktować porównywalnie do jakości FAME.

EN

Characteristic of glycerol fraction from metanolysis of pure and purified rapeseed oil, as well as its characteristic after partial purification were presented. The dependency between content of glycerol and inorganic salts (ash) within glycerol fractions and degree of rapeseed oil purification was proved. Application of NaOH as catalyst can decrease the content of inorganic salts within glycerol fractions due to lower solution of sodium soaps in glycerol fractions.

6

The possibility of use a waste product of biofuels production-glycerol as a fuel to the compression ignition engine

100%

Grab-Rogaliński K. , Szwaja S.

Journal of KONES

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2016

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tom Vol. 23, No. 3

157--164

EN

The article presents results of tests performed in a combustion research unit (CRU) with the two following fuels: light fuel oil (LFO) and glycerol. The CRU is a constant volume combustion chamber machine equipped with an injection system based on that used in common-rail diesel engines with electromagnetic injectors. This machine allows to compare various combustion properties between fuels for specified parameters of injection and a combustion chamber as well. As it is known glycerol is a substance which is obtained from several technological processes such as production of biofuel thus in this way it can be treated as an alternative renewable fuel. The glycerol is characterized by low heating value of 16MJ/kg and relatively high density of 1261 kg/m3. However, its heating value by volume is higher if compared to other liquid fuels. From that reason decrease in energy that can be delivered with fuel is smaller which is approximately 16% lest than for LFO. The parameters measured during this research were: pressure increase, rate of pressure increase (ROPR), ignition delay (ID), main reaction delay (MRD), main combustion period (MCP), end of main combustion (EMC), end of combustion (EC), position of max ROPR (PMR) and max ROPR. The tests were performed with different injection parameters such as injection pressure, injection duration and injection delay as well as under various conditions in the CRU combustion chamber expressed by pressure and temperature. On the basis of these tests the comparison between LFO and glycerol was done. The results were presented in diagrams. The research shows that glycerol used as a fuel, to obtain the same output power, should be injected at higher amounts. Glycerol as a fuel cannot ignite itself, hence to provide combustion the pilot injection of another fuel have to be applied.

7

Erythrose reductase as an enzyme responsible for erythritol overproduction in Yarrowia lipolytica yeast grown on glycerol media

88%

Tomaszewska-Hetman L. , Rywinska A.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Biotechnology

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2015

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tom 18

|

nr 4

8

Glycerol steam reforming over ceria-zirconia supported metallic catalysts

88%

Cichy M.

Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, sectio AA – Chemia

|

2019

|

tom 74

|

nr 1

EN

Glycerol is a main by-product of transesterification reaction of plants oils to its methyl esters which are used as a substitute or as an additive to diesel fuel. Still growing so-called biodiesel production leads to large amounts of glycerol fraction flooding the market. One of the possible ways of its utilization is steam reforming reaction which main product is synthesis gas containing high concentration of hydrogen for which is still growing demand. In this work four metallic (Ni, Pt, Ru and Re) catalysts supported on ceria-zirconia mixed oxides have been investigated in glycerol steam reforming reaction.

9

Separation of 1,3-Propanediol from Aqueous Solutions by Ion Exchange Chromatography

88%

Rukowicz B. , Miesiąc I. , Alejski K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2014

|

tom Vol. 16, nr 2

82--86

EN

1,3-propanediol is a promising monomer with many applications and can be produced by bioconversion of renewable resources. The separation of this product from fermentation broth is a difficult task. In this work, the application of cation exchange resin for the separation of 1,3-propanediol from model aqueous solution was examined. The best effect of separation of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol using sorption method was obtained for H+ resin form, although the observed partition coefficient of 1,3-propanediol was low. On the basis of the results of the sorption of 1,3-propanediol, the ionic forms of the resin were selected and used in the next experiments (H+, Ca2+, Ag+, Na+, Pb2+, Zn2+). The best results in ion exchange chromatography were obtained for cation exchange resin in H+ and Ca2+ form. The use of smaller particle size of resin and a longer length of the column allows to obtain better separation of mixtures.

10

Separation of 1,3-Propanediol from Aqueous Solutions by Ion Exchange Chromatography

88%

Rukowicz B. , Miesiąc I. , Alejski K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2014

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tom 16

|

nr 2

82-86

EN

1,3-propanediol is a promising monomer with many applications and can be produced by bioconversion of renewable resources. The separation of this product from fermentation broth is a difficult task. In this work, the application of cation exchange resin for the separation of 1,3-propanediol from model aqueous solution was examined. The best effect of separation of 1,3-propanediol from glycerol using sorption method was obtained for H+ resin form, although the observed partition coefficient of 1,3-propanediol was low. On the basis of the results of the sorption of 1,3-propanediol, the ionic forms of the resin were selected and used in the next experiments (H+, Ca2+, Ag+, Na+, Pb2+, Zn2+). The best results in ion exchange chromatography were obtained for cation exchange resin in H+ and Ca2+ form. The use of smaller particle size of resin and a longer length of the column allows to obtain better separation of mixtures.

11

Gliceryna – produkt uboczny procesu wytwarzania biodiesla

88%

Buczek B. , Kozera P.

Zeszyty Naukowe Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego w Krakowie

|

2013

|

nr 912

5-16

EN

The paper presents the physical and chemical properties of glycerol and how it is used. It also shows methods of the industrial processing of glycerine fraction – in terms of obtaining and concentrating it – and methods of biodiesel production, of which glycerine is a by-product. The paper evaluates the possibility of concentrating glycerol by removing other compounds of technical glycerine using carbon adsorbents (ARP2) prepared with oxygen active centers. The most important aspect of this approach is to eliminate the energy consuming rectification process. Results of this study show that concentrating glycerol using specially selected carbon sorbents is a valid process.

12

Lactic acid and hydrogen from glycerol via acceptorless dehydrogenation using homogeneous catalysts

88%

Bottari G. , Barta K.

Recyclable Catalysis

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2015

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tom 2

|

nr 1

EN

Acceptorless dehydrogenation of alcohols has emerged as a powerful methodology for the valorization of biomass derived platform chemicals and building blocks. In this review we provide a short overview of the advantages and possible product outcomes of this method. The main focus will be devoted to the conversion of glycerol, which is the major waste product of biodiesel production, to lactic acid. While extensive research addresses the development of heterogeneous catalysts, recently new and highly active iridium and ruthenium complexes have also been reported. These novel homogeneous catalysts are even more active than the already reported heterogeneous systems and enable the direct conversion of glycerol into lactic acid and molecular hydrogen. While the product hydrogen might be used either as fuel or as reducing agent for other processes, lactic acid is a platform chemical widely employed by the polymer, pharmaceutical and food industries. The used catalytic methodology is atom-economic, waste-free and is uniquely suited for the efficient conversion of renewable resources.

13

Influence of glycerol and temperature on the rheological properties of potato starch solutions

75%

Ayala G. , Vargas R. A. , Agudelo A. C.

International Agrophysics

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2014

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tom 28

|

nr 3

EN

Effects of temperature and glycerol concentration on rheological properties of potato starch solutions were investi- gated. The flow behaviour (shear stress against shear rate) was fitted to various models: power law, Herschel-Bulkley, Bingham, modified Bingham and Casson models. However, it was found that the Herschel-Bulkley model describes better the flow behaviour observed at various temperatures and glycerol concentrations, for flow behaviour index values between 0.44 and 0.78, typical of pseudoplastic solutions. The effect of glycerol concentration on each of the fitting parameters for Herschel-Bulkley model was well modelled by a second-degree polynomial at various temperatures. The simultaneous influence of glycerol concentration and tempe- rature on shear stress could be represented empirically by a second- degree polynomial function that includes linear coupling between concentration and temperature. Finally, the variation of the con- sistency coefficient with both temperature and glycerol concentra- tion was well described by an exponential expression, with an acti- vation energy value of 2.78 kJ mol -1 . The results indicate that both glycerol content and temperature have the effect of diluting potato starch solutions.

14

Some electrical properties of glycerol water solutions

75%

Nowak-Woźny D. , Mączka T.

Przegląd Elektrotechniczny

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2008

|

tom R. 84, nr 4

84-85

EN

The effect of temperature and water content in glycerol water solutions upon the electrical characteristics was studied in some details. The temperature was extended from room temperature up to about 380 K. It was suggested that the dependence between conductivity and temperature can be described by the relation like for the electron semiconductors. It was supposed that the calculated activation energy (0.1eV-0,4 eV) was associated with the motion of OH- groups.

PL

Zbadano wpływ temperatury i zawartości wody, w wodnym roztworze glicerolu, na wartość przewodności elektrycznej. Zakres temperatury rozciągał się od temperatury pokojowej do 380 K. Na podstawie wyników badań zasugerowano podobne zależności przewodności elektrycznej od temperatury jak dla materiałów półprzewodnikowych. Obliczone energie aktywacji procesu przewodnictwa (0.1eV-0,4 eV) powiązano z ruchem grup wodorotlenowych.

15

PHARMACEUTICAL ASSESSMENT OF THERMOSENSITIVE HYDROPHILIC GELS WITH POLYVINYL PYRROLIDONE K-30 CONTAINING LACTIC ACID COMPLEXED WITH CHITOSAN

75%

Małolepsza-Jarmołowska K.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

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2013

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tom 18

|

nr 18

123-131

EN

Gels containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan at a stoichiometric ration 1:1 and 2:1 and 5-25% content of polyoxyethylene glycol 200 are able to move from 25 to 30 cm. Measurements performed in a biopharmaceutical model revealed that the addition of 20% poloxamer 407 to gels containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan in a stoichiometric ration 1:1 decreases their movability from 20 to 25 cm and at 2:1 ratio, from 22 to 28 cm. Higher concentrations of the poloxamer 407: 23 and 25% result in the movability of 20 to 24 cm. The addition of 5% PVP K-30 besides 1,2-propylene glycol increases the movability gels containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan in a stoichiometric ration 1:1 from 24 cm to 28 cm and at 2:1 ratio from 26 cm to 30 cm. Higher concentrations of the poloxamer 407: 23 and 25% result in the movability of 24 to 27 cm

16

Application of nanofiltration in the process of the separation of model fermentation broths components

75%

Staszak K. , Woźniak M. J. , Karaś Z. , Staniewski J. , Prochaska K.

Polish Journal of Chemical Technology

|

2013

|

tom 15

|

nr 4

1-4

EN

The effectiveness of nanofiltration with the use of ceramic membranes in the process of concentration and separation of fumaric acid or succinic acid from glycerol and citric acid from erythritol was evaluated. It was found that the retention of sodium salts of the acids investigated increased strongly with increasing the pH of the feed solution (depending on the degree of dissociation), while the retention degrees of di- and tricarboxylic acids, erythritol or glycerol were lower than 2%, irrespective of the initial concentration of the solution to be filtered. The results obtained showed that nanofiltration can be considered as one of the purification steps in the process of recovery of salts of organic acids from fermentation broth.

17

Oligomeryzacja glicerolu na hydrotalcytach Mg-Al modyfikowanych Zr

75%

Nowicki J. , Budzianowski A.

Przemysł Chemiczny

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2011

|

tom T. 90, nr 10

1808-1812

EN

Oligomerization of glycerol over Zr modified Mg-Al hydrotalcites

18

Otrzymywanie sztywnych pianek poliuretanowo-poliizocyjanurowych z udziałem nowego poliolu

75%

Liszkowska J. , Czupryński B. , Paciorek-Sadowska J.

Przemysł Chemiczny

|

2013

|

tom T. 92, nr 11

1994-1999

PL

Zsyntezowano nowy poliol poliestrowy z kwasu cytrynowego i mieszaniny glikoli dietylenowego (DEG) oraz etylenowego (EG). Oceniono właściwości tego poliolu pod kątem przydatności do wytwarzania sztywnych pianek poliuretanowo-poliizocyjanurowych (PUR-PIR). Zbadano jego liczbę kwasową, gęstość, pH i rozpuszczalność. Pomimo wysokiej lepkości tego produktu dodano go do pianek zastępując nim Rokopol RF-551. Ilość poliolu w piankach znacznie wpływała na jej wytrzymałość na ściskanie, nie wpływała natomiast na ich gęstość pozorną, retencję i przewodnictwo cieplne. Pianki charakteryzowały się niewielką kruchością.

EN

Diethylene and ethylene glycols were esterified with citric acid in presence of Ti(O-isoPr)4 at 138–153°C to a polyol used for prodn. of rigid polyurethane-poliisocyanurate foams. Despite its high viscosity, the polyol proved itself to be as good raw material for the foam as the com. polyoxypropylenehexol.

19

SELECTED PHARMACEUTICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMOSENSITIVE HYDROPHILIC GELS WITH HYDROXYPROPYLMETHYLCELLULOSE CONTAINING LACTIC ACID COMPLEXED WITH CHITOSAN

75%

Małolepsza-Jarmołowska K.

Progress on Chemistry and Application of Chitin and its Derivatives

|

2013

|

tom 18

|

nr 18

131-138

EN

Gels containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan at a stoichiometric ration 1:1 and 2:1 and 5-25% content of polyoxyethylene glycol 200 are able to move from 25 to 30 cm. The addition of 4% hydroxypropylmethylcellulose besides glycerol increases the movability gels containing lactic acid complexed with chitosan in a stoichiometric ration 1:1 from 25 cm to 28 cm and at 2:1 ratio from 27 cm to 30 cm. Higher concentrations of the poloxamer 407: 23 and 25% result in the movability of 24 to 29 cm The addition of 5-25% glycerol decreases the pH of investigated gels from 3.95 to 4.45 (1:1) and from 3.63 to 4.30 (2:1). The addition of 5-25% 1,2-propylene glycol decreases the pH of investigated gels from 4.00 to 4.46 (1:1) and from 3.70 to 4.33 (2:1). The use of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose allowed to obtain physiological range. The addition of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose reduces the pH and maintains high adhesion.

20

1,3-propanediol production by Escherichia coli expressing genes of dha operon from Clostridium butyricum 2CR371.5

75%

Dąbrowski S. , Pietrewicz-Kubicz D. , Zabłotna E. , Długołęcka A.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

|

2012

|

tom 59

|

nr 3

357-361

EN

1,3-propanediol is used as a monomer in the production of some polymers e.g. polytrimethylene terephthalate used in the production of carpets and textile fibers and in the thermoplastics engineering. However, the traditional chemical synthesis is expensive, generates some toxic intermediates and requires a reduction step under high hydrogen pressure. Biological production of 1,3-propanediol could be an attractive alternative to the traditional chemical methods. Moreover, crude glycerol which is a by-product of biodiesel production, can be used. We constructed a recombinant Escherichia coli strain producing 1,3-propanediol from glycerol by introducing genes of the dha operon from Clostridium butyricum 2CR371.5, a strain from our collection of environmental samples and strains. The E. coli strain produced 3.7 g of 1,3-propanediol per one litre of culture with the yield of 0.3 g per 1 g of glycerol consumed.