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Gill disease in a gilthead sea bream [Sparus aurata L.]

100%

Kapetanovic D. , Kurtovic B. , Vardic I. , Teskeredzic E. , Teskeredzic Z.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

2006

tom 62

nr 11

1239-1241

This paper describes the first report of gill disease in gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata L.), cultured in the Northern Adriatic near the island of Cres in Croatia. The pathological findings of cultured gilthead sea bream were examined in detail, using prompt clinical and necropsy examination, bacterial and hematological analysis. Beside yellowish-brown, swollen and clumped gills, there were no other apparent changes in the diseased fish. Bacterial analysis of these fish revealed the presence of mixed infections. The predominant bacterium from affected gills was Stenotrophomonas maltophilia. Furthermore Aeromonas salmonicida masoucida/achromogenes and Empedobacter brevis were also identified. Fish with affected gills had significantly decreased serum proteins, specific weight and haematocrit compared to fish without changes of the gills.

Atypical bacterial gill disease in rainbow trout [Oncorhynchus mykiss]: influence on non specific humoral defence mechanisms

100%

Siwicki A. K. , Pozet F. , Morand M. , Kazun K. , Glabski E. , Trapkowska S.

Archives of Polish Fisheries

2004

tom 12

nr 1

Rainbow trout (10-20 g body weight) from a local fish farm were examined after low levels of mortality at a temperature of 10°C were observed. Dystrophic changes were observed only in the gills. Based on its unusual clinical presentation, this condition was termed atypical bacterial gill disease (ABGD). Only Flavobacterium psychrophilum was isolated from the gills. On the day the first symptoms of the disease appeared and on the third, seventh, and tenth days afterwards blood from 20 afflicted fish (diseased) and 20 unafflicted fish was drawn to examine the nonspecific humoral defense mechanism. In the present immunological studies a strong immunosuppression effect was observed in fish with symptoms of atypical bacterial gill disease. The results showed that serum lysozyme activity and Ig levels were statistically (P < 0.05) lower in fish with disease symptoms in comparison with control, disease-frie fish. The activity of serum ceruloplasmine was very high in fish with disease symptoms in comparison with the control fish. The results indicated that the suppression occurred as atypical bacterial gill disease was developing. All immunological parameters were statistically significantly lower after three, seven, and ten days of disease symptoms in comparison with the disease-free, control fish. This preliminary study indicated that ABGD with Flavobacterium psychrophilum has a strong suppression effect on the nonspecific humoral defense mechanisms.

W ostatnich latach obserwuje się znaczny wzrost zachorowań narybku pstraga tęczowego na atypową bakteryjną chorobę skrzeli, która powoduje znaczące straty w hodowli. Zmiany dotyczą jedynie skrzeli z których izoluje się najczęściej Flavobacterium psychrophilum, Flavobacterium branchiophilum. W prezentowanych badaniach określano wpływ atypowej bakteryjnej choroby skrzeli wywołanej przez Flavobacterium psychrophilum na wybrane nieswoiste humoralne mechanizmy obronne u narybku pstrąga tęczowego. Uzyskane wyniki badań jednoznacznie wykazały, że w czasie rozwoju choroby stwierdzono statystycznie istotne (P < 0,05) obniżenie aktywności lizozymu oraz poziomu Ig w surowicy badanych ryb, w porównaniu z grupą kontrolną, u której nie stwierdzono zmian chorobowych oraz nie izolowano Flavobacterium psychrophilum. W tym okresie stwierdzono statystycznie istotny wzrost aktywności ceruloplazminy, przy braku zmian w poziomie białka całkowitego. Wstępne badania sugerują, że Flavobacterium psychrophilum może indukować supresję nieswoistych mechanizmów obronnych, co pozwala na przełamanie bariery odpornościowej i kliniczny rozwój choroby.

Pseudodactylogyrosis in Anguilla anguilla (Actinopterygii: Anguilliformes: Anguillidae): change of control strategies due to occurrence of anthelmintic resistance

60%

Buchmann K. , Kania P. W. , Neumann L. , De'Besi G.

Acta Ichthyologica et Piscatoria

2011

tom 41

nr 2

Background. The European eel, Anguilla anguilla (L.), is considered an endangered species and a series of protective measures have been implemented within the European community in order to enhance natural stocks. Restocking natural habitats with larger eels reared from the glass-eel stage in recirculated farming systems may be one solution. Gill diseases caused by monogenean parasites of the genus Pseudodactylogyrus are currently causing morbidity and mortality in these farms and previously applied standard treatments have recently failed. Therefore the applied control methods should be verified and novel solutions proposed. Materials and methods. Eels infected by Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae were obtained from a typical recirculated eel-culture system which had been treated regularly but recently unsuccessfully with benzimidazole anthelmintics. In the laboratory infected eels were subjected to bath treatments with flubendazole (5 or 10 mg · L–1) or praziquantel (5 or 10 mg · L–1) for 24 h at 25ºC and parasite infections were recorded three days post-treatment. Results. Gill monogeneans, Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae, were not controlled by the anthelmintic flubendazole at any of the dosages tested whereas praziquantel showed a significant effect when used as bath (5 and 10 mg · L–1). Conclusion. The failure of flubendazole for control of pseudodactylogyrosis may result from selection of anthelmintic resistant parasite strains due to use of benzimidazoles for decades. Future treatment regimes during acute outbreaks may be based on praziquantel. A risk for future continued selection for anthelmintic resistance exists and supplementary non-chemical methods (mechanical and biological) in rearing of European eel should be emphasized in the future management practice of eel.