Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Implications of macro-areal linguistics

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Leschber C.

Slavia Meridionalis

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2015

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tom 15

EN

Implications of macro-areal linguisticsUsing the examples of some Balkan words with a difficult etymology, we attempt to show the possibilities for and implications of applying a macro-areal linguistic perspective to establish a wider view of the linguistic and cultural history of a region. Implikacje językoznawstwa makroarealnegoNa przykładzie niektórych bałkańskich słów o skomplikowanej etymologii autorka dokonuje próby pokazania możliwości i potencjału badawczego perspektywy makroarealnej. W każdym wypadku daje ona głębszy wgląd w historię, rozwój językowy i kulturowy tego regionu.

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Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot project

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Stafecka A.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2010

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tom 34

EN

Atlas of the Baltic languages: from idea to pilot projectDialectologists from Latvian Language Institute of the University of Latvia and the Department of Language History and Dialectology of the Institute of the Lithuanian Language, have developed a proposal for a joint project entitled, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, which is intended to demonstrate the close kinship of these two Baltic languages. A pilot project, supported by a grant from the University of Latvia and Directorate for the Millenium of Lithuania has been carried out between 2006 and 2008 to determine what the form and eventual content of such an atlas might be.In 2009 a summary of work carried out on the pilot project on Atlas of the Baltic Languages, Prospect has been published which includes 12 geolinguistic maps, with commentary in Latvian, Lithuanian and English. The publication also contains in the introduction homage paid to the living and extinct Baltic languages, as well as an overview of the history of the study of dialects in both countries and the characteristics and regional distribution of the dialects of Latvian and Lithuanian. The publication also describes the principles followed in creating these geolinguistic maps and associated commentary.This article describes recent progress made in research on the regional distribution of dialects of both Baltic languages. For more than a century research on the dialects of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages has taken place in parallel, separately gathering data on the various dialects of each respective language. It is, therefore, necessary first to examine, briefly, the histories of the respective geolinguistic research endeavours.The first records of differences between the territorial extents and diversity of Latvian and Lithuanian are to be found in surviving grammars and dictionaries of these languages compiled in the 17th century.The first map showing the geographical reach of the Lithuanian language is to be found in the grammar compiled in 1876 by Friedrich Kurschat. The first geolinguistic map of the Latvian language was published in 1892 by August Bielenstein.The systematic efforts at gathering Latvian and Lithuanian non-material cultural assets date from the second half of the 19th century. A new chapter in the study of Lithuanian and Latvian dialects began in the 1950s after a decision was taken to produce atlases of the two languages. At the end of the 20th century the atlases of the Lithuanian and Latvian language were published. This was the main basis for joint project – The Atlas of the Baltic LanguagesThe maps created in the framework of the pilot project, The Atlas of the Baltic Languages, show the principal grouping of most terms used by the speakers of these two living Baltic languages. An in-depth geolinguistic study of the Latvian and Lithuanian languages could produce important findings in the field of the history of the Baltic peoples. Атлас балтийских языков: проект разработкиВ 2009 году был издан сигнальный проект Baltu valodu atlants (Атлас балтийских языков), в котором кроме 12 геолингвистических карт с комментариями на латышском, литовском и аглийском языках, дана обширная вступительная часть, посвященная живым и мертвым балтийским языкам, краткая история диалектологических исследований обеих стран, характеристика и распространение диалектов латышского и литовского языков, а также принцип составления карт и комментариев. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли предыдущие геолингвистические исследования и собранные по вопроснику диалектные материалы обоих балтийских языков.В течение более столетия исследования диалектов литовского и латышского языков развивались параллельно. Языковые в диалектные данные были собраны и обработаны в отдельности для каждого языка. Необходимо затем проследить историю геолингвистических исследований диалектов обоих языков.Первые сведения о территориальных различиях латышского и литовского языков были отнесены уже в грамматиках и словарях XVII века.Первую карту распространения литовского языка предложил Фридрих Куршат (Friedrich Kurschat) в изданной в 1876 году грамматике литовского языка.В 1892 году была издана первая геолингвистическиая карта латышского языка, ее автором был священник немецкой национальности Август Биленштайн (August Bielenstein).Во второй половине XIX века в Европе собирались этнографические материалы и исследовались местные языковые особенности. В это же время появляются первые программы собирания латышской и литовской нематериальной культуры. Новый период в исследовании латышских и литовских диалектов начался в 50-ые годы XX века, когда было решено издать атласы литовского и латышского языков. В основу Атласа балтийских языков легли изданные в конце XX века диалектологические атласы литовского и латышского языков, составленные в нем карты показывают их общие лексические ареалы.

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Współczesna sytuacja językowa na Litwie: aspekt geolingwistyczny i nowe możliwości opisu

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Mikulėnienė D. , Rutkowska K.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2013

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tom 37

EN

Contemporary linguistic situation in Lithuania: geolinguistic aspects and new descriptive possibilitiesThe purpose of this article is to present the latest dialectological research conducted in Lithuania based on the achievements of dialectology as a science. Primary attention will be devoted to the presentation of the latest research project, carried out in 2011–2014, and headed by prof. Danguolė Mikulėnienė at the Institut of the Lithuanian Language. The project involved 33 dialectologists, including specialists in Slavic dialects. This project is a continuation of earlier studies conducted in Lithuania by well-known Lithuanian dialectologists. The project takes advantage of their accomplishments and achievements, but at the same time it considers new aspects of the research and applies contemporary methodologies; thus, it gives rise to a new stage of the dialectological research in Lithuania. Lithuanian dialects are described in the context of the complicated language situation in many dialectal regions of Lithuania. What is more, the research project takes into account the effects of other language codes on dialects of Lithuanian in terms of synchronic and diachronic dimensions, and aims at description of the consequences of such interactions. This project is based not only in traditional dialectology, but also on methodologies developed by other branches of linguistics, such as sociolinguistics, ethnolinguistics and geolinguistics. Современная языковая ситуация в Литве: геолингвистический аспект и новые перспективы исследованияЦелью данной статьи является презентация новейших диалектологических исследований, проводимых в Литве. Основное внимание уделено представлению научно-исследовательского проекта, реализуемого в 2011–2014 годах в Институте литовского языка под руководством проф. Дангуоле Микуленене. В проекте принимают участие 33 исследователя-диалектолога, в том числе представители славянских языков. Этот проект является продолжением предыдущих исследований, проводимых литовскими диалектологами, использует их успехи и достижения, а также предлагает новые аспекты исследований, использует новейшие методологии, таким образом знаменуя начало нового этапа в изучении народных говоров в Литве. Литовские диалекты описаны в контексте языковой ситуации, которая исторически сложилась во многих областях Литвы, с учётом влияния других языковых кодов на литовский язык. В процессе исследования используются не только методы традиционной диалектологии, но и методы, разработанные в русле других научных дисциплин – социолингвистики, этнолингвистики, геолингвистики.

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XXI a. pradžios lietuvių tarmės: geolingvistinis ir sociolingvistinis tyrimas. Žemėlapiai ir jų komentarai, red. D. Mikulėnienė, V. Meiliūnaitė, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, Leidykla Briedis, 2014, 459 ss.

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Jankowiak M.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2015

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tom 39

238-246

EN

This text is a review of the Lithuanian language monumental work entitled XXI a. pradžios lietuvių tarmės: geolingvistinis ir sociolingvistinis tyrimas. Žemėlapiai ir jų komentarai published in Vilnius in 2014. It is the result of long-lasting studies by famous linguists conducting research on the Lithuanian dialects, on the Polish language of the Northern Borderlands and on the Belarusian and Russian languages in Lithuania. The publication presents some theoretical aspects of contemporary dialectological research in Lithuania, geolinguistic research in Lithuania, geolinguistic situation of the Lithuanian dialects in the 21st century and the optimisation of the field study points, description of other languages and dialects spoken in Lithuania (the Polish and Russian languages, the Belarusian dialects) and the dynamics of dialectal changes. The publication under review is of paramount importance for the Lithuanian dialectology – not only enormous and valuable dialectal material was collected but also its professional linguistic analysis was carried out.

PL

Tekst stanowi recenzję monumentalnej pracy litewskojęzycznej XXI a. pradžios lietuvių tarmės: geolingvistinis ir sociolingvistinis tyrimas. Žemėlapiai ir jų komentarai, która ukazała się w Wilnie w 2014 r. Jest ona efektem wieloletniej pracy znanych lingwistów badających gwary litewskie, polszczyznę północnokresową oraz języki białoruski i rosyjski na Litwie. W publikacji ukazano aspekty teoretyczne współczesnych badań dialektologicznych na Litwie, litewskie badania geolingwistyczne, sytuację geolingwistyczną litewskich dialektów w XXI w. i optymalizację punktów terenowych, a dalej opis innych języków i gwar występujących na Litwie (polszczyzna, rosyjski, gwary białoruskie) oraz dynamizm zmian dialektalnych. Recenzowana publikacja jest niezmiernie ważną pozycją dla litewskiej dialektologii. Zgromadzono w niej nie tylko ogromny i wartościowy materiał dialektalny, lecz przeprowadzono też jego profesjonalną analizę.

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XXI a. pradžios lietuvių tarmės: geolingvistinis ir sociolingvistinis tyrimas. Žemėlapiai ir jų komentarai, red. D. Mikulėnienė, V. Meiliūnaitė, Vilnius: Lietuvių kalbos institutas, Leidykla Briedis, 2014, 459 ss.

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Jankowiak M.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2015

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tom 39

EN

ReviewThis text is a review of the Lithuanian language monumental work entitled XXI a. pradžios lietuvių tarmės: geolingvistinis ir sociolingvistinis tyrimas. Žemėlapiai ir jų komentarai published in Vilnius in 2014. It is the result of long-lasting studies by famous linguists conducting research on the Lithuanian dialects, on the Polish language of the Northern Borderlands and on the Belarusian and Russian languages in Lithuania. The publication presents some theoretical aspects of contemporary dialectological research in Lithuania, geolinguistic research in Lithuania, geolinguistic situation of the Lithuanian dialects in the 21st century and the optimisation of the field study points, description of other languages and dialects spoken in Lithuania (the Polish and Russian languages, the Belarusian dialects) and the dynamics of dialectal changes. The publication under review is of paramount importance for the Lithuanian dialectology – not only enormous and valuable dialectal material was collected but also its professional linguistic analysis was carried out. RecenzjaTekst stanowi recenzję monumentalnej pracy litewskojęzycznej XXI a. pradžios lietuvių tarmės: geolingvistinis ir sociolingvistinis tyrimas. Žemėlapiai ir jų komentarai, która ukazała się w Wilnie w 2014 r. Jest ona efektem wieloletniej pracy znanych lingwistów badających gwary litewskie, polszczyznę północnokresową oraz języki białoruski i rosyjski na Litwie. W publikacji ukazano aspekty teoretyczne współczesnych badań dialektologicznych na Litwie, litewskie badania geolingwistyczne, sytuację geolingwistyczną litewskich dialektów w XXI w. i optymalizację punktów terenowych, a dalej opis innych języków i gwar występujących na Litwie (polszczyzna, rosyjski, gwary białoruskie) oraz dynamizm zmian dialektalnych. Recenzowana publikacja jest niezmiernie ważną pozycją dla litewskiej dialektologii. Zgromadzono w niej nie tylko ogromny i wartościowy materiał dialektalny, lecz przeprowadzono też jego profesjonalną analizę.

6

Evolution of the Romance Evidentiality along the 20th Century: a Coserian Approach

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Lara Bermejo V.

Concordia Discors vs Discordia Concors: Researches into Comparative Literature, Contrastive Linguistics, Cross-Cultural and Translation Strategies

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2021

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tom 16 (Semanticity, Alterity, Creativity: Building on Eugenio Coseriu’s Legacy (II))

105-131

EN

The future tense and the conditional are said to convey evidential meaning in most Romance languages. Whereas the former expresses conjecture, the latter is used to mark reportativity. However, the evidential readings of both tenses could be a very recent semantic extension at a vernacular level, since they are still frequent to express time and modality in nearly all the vernaculars. This study aims to show the geolinguistic and dialect distribution of both tenses along the 20th century in order to determine whether the future and the conditional were already evidential one hundred years ago or they have become so during the last century. Furthermore, I will also show the likely directionality for these tenses to become evidential and I will discuss whether there is a language that has worked as the focus of the Romance evidentiality. In doing so, I will not only apply the Coserian variables of diatopic and diaphasic restraints, but I will compare the differences among the dialects and the norms that rule all of them, analysing the systemic behaviour that favours the future as well as the conditional for marking evidentiality.

7

Portuguese spoken in São Paulo State: Urban life lexies

88%

Ribeiro Figueiredo Junior S.

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tom 34

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nr 1

25-51

EN

This study unveils insights into the spatial and social distribution of Portuguese lexical forms, or lexies, pertaining to urban life in the interior of Săo Paulo State. These lexies were collected through oral responses from eighty participants, elicited by nine questions addressing variants for terms such as ‘traffic lights’, ‘speed bump’, ‘sidewalk’, ‘curb’, ‘traffic circle’, ‘plot of land’, ‘city bus’, ‘intercity bus’, and ‘a small grocery store where one can also drink liquor at a counter’. The analysis examines whether these lexies establish themselves as predominant norms, indicated by both consistent spatial distribution and a relative frequency exceeding 50% across the localities surveyed. Out of the nine cases studied, eight meet this criterion, with the following overall relative frequencies: ‘semáforo’ 53%; ‘lombada’ 96%; ‘calçada’ 94%; ‘guia’ 84%; ‘rotatória’ 74%; ‘terreno (baldio)’ 79%; ‘ônibus’ (in the sense of ‘city bus’) 71%; ‘ônibus’ (in the sense of ‘intercity bus’) 51%. The ninth variant, ‘bar,’ nearly meets this standard as well, with a relative frequency of 41% just falling short of the minimum threshold.

8

Nářeční pojmenování velkého kusu chleba

63%

Komárková Z.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2013

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tom 96

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nr 3

141-150

EN

A large piece of bread is an object for which the literary language has no specific name, nevertheless a varied collection of terms can be found in dialects. Most often, metaphoric names motivated by form (e.g. kopyto) or size (e.g. špalek) occur in the collection, then terms with the motivational aspect "separated part" (e.g. závalec). In some words, the motivational aspects mingle. The effort to express the large site of the object leads to the fact that many terms are expressive, above all the augmentatives. The collection of dialect names denominating a large piece of bread is richly differentiated on the lexical, word-formational and phonological level. A simplified depiction of the geographical distribution of the observed dialect expressions can be found on the map included in the article.

9

Profesor Tadeusz Szymański jako badacz leksyki prasłowiańskiej

63%

Ostrowski B.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia Linguistica

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2023

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nr 18

261-279

EN

The preliminary part of the study presents a scientific profile of Professor Tadeusz Szymański in the initial (over twenty years) period of his research activity at the Institute of Slavic Studies (Slavistics) of the Polish Academy of Sciences. In the article the particular attention was paid to the participation and researcher’s contribution to the Proto‑Slavic lexicon which is archival these days. The initial versions of the PSL vocabulary words *medvědь, *mešьka (*mečьka) and *mekati developed by Tadeusz Szymański became the starting point to present them in a broader research perspective (not only etymological, but also ethno‑ and geolinguistics), more than 50 years after being developed. It is worth emphasizing that, despite the significant progress on the work on PSL lexicology, these unique dictionary materials can still serve as a starting point for further detailed research and verification of existing findings.

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Nářeční atlasy slovanských jazyků: historie a současnost

63%

Kloferová S.

Gwary Dziś

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2015

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tom 7

43-55

EN

The existence of linguistic/dialect atlases is connected with the existence of the method of linguistic geography at the end of the 19th century. This method, which follows the geographical distribution of dialect phenomena and enables to search for the conditions of linguistic development, fully developed in the 20th century. The paper deals with the most significant dialect atlases of all Slavic languages, attention is paid to multinational atlases as well.

11

Miejsce geografii w badaniach nad językami. Między geografią języków a geografią lingwistyczną

63%

Ząbecki K.

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nr 1

EN

The language as a socially shaped tool that serves communication between human beings is one of the main distinguishing features of our species, while at the same time being a basic medium for transmitting culture. While the main scientific discipline that studies languages are linguistics, there are other fields of knowledge that have their share in extending the knowledge about them. The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to the possibilities of studying languages from the perspective of geography, to find the limit between the areas of research of geography and linguistics, as well as to systematize the names of subdisciplines that study this „borderland area”. In the introduction, the functions of language and the problems with making clear distinctions between languages and dialects are outlined. In the following part of the article, the author tries to systemize the terminology related to research in the area of study between geography and linguistics by analyzing similarities and differences between such Polish terms as geografia języków (geography of languages), goegrafia lingwistyczna (linguistic geography) and geolingwistyka (geolinguistics), as well as their equivalents in English and French. This serves as the basis to determine in which fields geography and linguistics can complement each other, and where lies the limit between those disciplines. The final part of the paper consists of an attempt to outline the future prospects of geographical research on languages and answer the question whether geography should cooperate with linguistics in such research and if yes, to what extent.

PL

Język jako społecznie ukształtowane narzędzie służące do komunikacji międzyludzkiej stanowi jeden z głównych wyróżników naszego gatunku, a zarazem podstawowy nośnik kultury. Główną dyscypliną naukową zajmującą się językami jest językoznawstwo, jednak również inne nauki mają swój udział w pogłębianiu wiedzy na ich temat. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na badanie języków z perspektywy geografii, próba wskazania, gdzie przebiega granica między dziedzinami badań geografii i językoznawstwa, a także usystematyzowanie nazw subdyscyplin zajmujących się badaniami na pograniczu tych dwóch dyscyplin. We wstępie pokrótce zarysowane są funkcje języka oraz trudności, jakie sprawia klasyfikowanie języków i dialektów. Następną część artykułu stanowi próba usystematyzowania terminologii związanej z badaniami prowadzonymi na pograniczu geografii i językoznawstwa poprzez analizę podobieństw i różnic między takimi pojęciami jak „geografia języków”, „goegrafia lingwistyczna” i „geolingwistyka”, a także ich angielskimi i francuskimi odpowiednikami. Stanowi to podstawę do stwierdzenia, na jakich płaszczyznach geografia i lingwistyka mogą się wzajemnie uzupełniać, a gdzie występują granice między oboma dyscyplinami. Na zakończenie pojawia się próba odpowiedzi na pytanie, jakie są perspektywy geograficznych badań nad językami: czy geografia powinna współpracować z językoznawstwem i ewentualnie w jakim zakresie.

12

Severozápadní okraj středočeské nářeční oblasti (na materiálu korespondenčních anket ÚJČ)

51%

Bachmannová J.

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nr 2

83-94

EN

The article explores the results of dialect correspondence surveys from the beginning of the 1950s that were carried out in the central and northeastern Bohemian regions and confronts these results with newer data from the Czech Linguistic Atlas. It devotes attention to the analysis of the archaic language situation on the northwestern periphery of the central Bohemian dialectal region, traces the permeation of dialectal phenomena from the neighbouring regions and determines which of these may have led to the territorial delimitation of the Louny-Litoměřice peripheral zone.

13

Regionální mluva v korpusu mluvené češtiny ORAL2006 se zaměřením na situaci v českém pohraničí

44%

Waclawičová M.

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nr 2

72-86

EN

ORAL2006, a corpus of spoken Czech, provides new opportunities to research the speech of various sociolinguistic types of speakers. In this article, we focus on regional variation in speech. The speakers in ORAL2006 come from all regions of Bohemia, so we can observe differences in their idiolects related to the region of their origin. Phenomena of traditional dialects bound to a particular region are also typical for the given region in ORAL2006. Some of these phenomena spread from their original region to neighboring regions and often also to the borderland. These phenomena tend to be characteristic for interdialectal Czech. They frequently consist of some type of simplification in the morphological system. As concerns speech in the Czech borderland, we can state that some regional phenomena are only characteristic for a certain part of the borderland, i.e. the part neighboring upon the original region of the phenomena.

14

Nářeční pojmenování polévek

44%

Konečná H.

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nr 2

95-100

EN

The article deals with the dialectal names of two kinds of soup, cabbage and garlic. The variety in the names of these soups reflects the fact that this item is known throughout nearly the entire territory of the national language. The names of soups form an interesting semantic and word-formational group. The core of these names consists of one-word names with the formants -ice and -ka.