Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Diversification of Serbia's Export Markets - Potentials for Export to The Countries of Caspian Basin / Diverzifikacija Izvoznih Tržišta Srbije – Potencijali Za Izvoz U Zemlje Kaspijskog Basena

100%

Stanojević N. , Jovancai A.

Economic Themes

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2015

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tom 53

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nr 2

278-297

EN

Key features of the current foreign trade of Serbia are high and growing foreign trade deficit, and a small number of export partners. The fact that Serbia places its almost entire export on the markets of Italy, Germany and three former Yugoslavian countries implies the need for export diversification. Finding new or revitalizing former markets is vital for overcoming various weaknesses of Serbia’s foreign trade. Gravity model was used for establishing determinants of Serbia’s export and potential export directions. Coefficients of Serbia’s export, determined in a few earlier studies are based on the figures that were valid before the global economic crisis. As the export to the EU countries which are geographically closest to Serbia decreased during the crisis, it is assumed that the parameters have now changed and the factor of importance of geographical distance decreased. The obtained coefficients are then applied to the countries of the Caspian Basin. This is the region which, due to its numerous geographical and economic characteristics, is seen as an adequate export market, although its distance is relatively large. Research based on applying of gravity model has found that in some countries of the region, there is plenty of „space“ for Serbia’s exports.

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Odległość geograficzna jako determinanta migracji — na przykładzie województwa śląskiego

63%

Sojka E.

Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician

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2017

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nr 12

PL

The aim of the article is both to measure and assess the degree of correlation between the migration size and geographical distance. The subject of the research is migration inflow and outflow in the years 1990—2015 in Śląskie voivodship. The Pareto function was used to assess the influence of distance on migration. The obtained results indicate decreased attractiveness of Śląskie voivodship. Starting from the end of the 1990s the outflow of the local population increased, and thus the influence of distance on the decision to leave this voivodship decreased. The inhabitants more and more frequently decided to migrate to distant regions of Poland.

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63%

Lu T. , Ma K. , Zhang Y. , Ni H. , Fu B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2009

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tom Vol. 57, nr 4

647-657

EN

Disturbance is considered to be one of the main factors influencing variations in species diversity. While many experimental and observational studies provide a good understanding of how disturbance maintains the [alfa]-diversity, we know little about how disturbance influences [beta]-diversity, and the effects of disturbance intensity on spatial species turnover are lacking. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effects of disturbance on patterns of species similarity in wetland communities, and to identify how disturbance intensity affects the species similarity - distance relationship. In our study, four isolated wetland remnants under different agricultural drainage ditch densities were surveyed in Sanjiang Plain, Northeast China. Wetland disturbance was assessed by agricultural ditch densities, and species similarity was quantified by the Jaccard index. A simple measure of environmental distance was obtained by using water level and five soil variables, and a corresponding measure of geographical distance was made between pairs of plots from each site. Based on these data, we estimated rates of distance decay through regression of log-transformed compositional similarity against both environmental and geographical distance for pair-wise comparisons of wetland plots from each site. One key finding of our research is that disturbance intensity does influence the species similarity - distance relationship. At each site, species similarity decreased significantly with distance, and both effects of geographical and environmental distance were statistically significant. The results indicate that with disturbance intensity increasing, the distance decay rate decreases.

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Ludzie rodowici i migranci – czy słuszny podział? Wokół książki Jeremy’ego Hayhoe’a Strangers and Neighbours. Rural Migration in Eighteenth-Century Northern Burgundy, Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 2016, ss. 274

51%

Wyżga M.

Przeszłość Demograficzna Polski

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2018

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tom 40

301-327

PL

Autor recenzowanej książki dowiódł, że na gorzej zachowanych niż w przypadku czasów późniejszych materiałach źródłowych z epoki przednowoczesnej, takich jak pierwsze spisy ludności, zeznania świadków w sądach i księgi metrykalne można prowadzić badania nad historią migracji. Jeremy Hayhoe ustalił powszechność doświadczenia migracji w życiu mieszkańców wsi północnoburgundzkiej, udowodnił również ich gotowość do przemieszczeń, związanych najczęściej z kwestami ekonomicznymi, zwłaszcza podejmowanym okresowo zatrudnieniem i poszukiwaniem lepszych możliwości życiowych (niższe podatki, wyższe wynagrodzenia i dostęp do dóbr wspólnotowych). Do rzadkości należało trwałe zamieszkanie człowieka w tej samej osadzie od urodzenia do zgonu bez choćby czasowej migracji, trudno zatem o prosty podział ludności na osoby rodowite i przybyszy, zwłaszcza jeżeli pojęcie migracji rozszerzymy o tzw. mikromobilność. Migracje zależały od stopnia zamożności migrantów, ich zawodu i wykształcenia. Istniały też pewne różnice w zależności od płci. Ubożsi najczęściej poszukiwali zatrudnienia w najbliższej okolicy w celu biologicznego przetrwania. Bogatsi migrowali rzadziej, ale pokonywali dłuższe dystanse dla polepszenia standardów życia. Ustalony przez badacza na 10 km w linii prostej zasięg przestrzenny, w jakim mieszkańcy wsi spędzali swą codzienność, znajdowali zatrudnienie i załatwiali większość koniecznych spraw, był jednak często przekraczany. O ile większość służby domowej pracowała poza rodzinnym domem, ale w najbliższej okolicy, o tyle rzemieślnicy, winiarze i kupcy pokonywali dalsze dystanse. W omawianym zjawisku istotną rolę odgrywały społeczności lokalne, które przyjmowały migrantów.

EN

It turns out that research on the history of migration can also be conducted on the basis of source material that is not preserved in sufficient quantities for the premodern era, such as the earliest censuses, witness testimonies taken in court, and birth, marriage and burial records. The author of the book under review has established that the experience of migration was common in the lives of rural communities in northern Burgundy. He has also demonstrated their readiness to move, in most cases occasioned by economic issues, especially periodic employment and search for better life opportunities (lower taxes, higher pay, and access to community assets). Cases of individuals living permanently in the same settlement from birth to death, without at least temporary migration during their lifetime, were rare. Hence the difficulty in accepting a simple categorization of the population into natives and newcomers, especially if we extend the concept of migration to include what is known as micromobility. Migration was determined by the level of the migrants’ wealth, their occupation and education. There were also some differences in terms of gender. The less affluent usually sought employment in the nearest areas to assure biological survival for themselves. Wealthier individuals were less inclined to migrate but when they did, they tended to cover longer distances to improve their living standards. The distance of 10 kilometres as the crow flies, established by the researcher as the spatial reach within which the rural populations lived their everyday lives, found employment and attended to most of their vital affairs was, however, often surpassed. While most domestic servants worked outside their family home but still in its vicinity, craftsmen, winemakers and merchants covered greater distances. In the phenomenon under review, an important role was played by the local communities who welcomed migrants.