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Dlaczego razem? Uwagi o relacjach między geograficzno-historyczną i geograficzno-polityczną perspektywą metodologiczną i poznawczą

100%

Rykała A. , Katedra Geografii Politycznej i Studiów Regionalnych W. N. G.

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tom 1

EN

As some has attempted to prove, both “titular” disciplines have different origins. They differ in their development trends and, thus, in the contents, scope and place in the system of sciences. However, different paths of development do not preclude them from tackling the same issues, especially considering that historical geography and political geography both refer, the former in a literal sense, to the unique bond between history and geography. Specific topics, that may seem familiar to both disciplines today, were discussed as far back as the 18th century, when political geography was still defining its identity and attempting to become a valid subject of geography. However, in the case of this discipline, its interests shared with its historical counterpart (concerning such issues as heraldry and toponymy) were mostly incidental and marginal. On the other hand, the issue of territorial divisions (nations, regions, borders), described by historians (or historical geographers) as “historical and political landscapes”, was discussed by both geographies since the very beginning. The main difference between the two – geo- -political and geo-historical – approaches was the temporal perspective they assumed. While the present was most important for political geography, historical geography was more concerned with “former territorial divisions” (thus the term “historical and political landscapes” is apt). Each of the disciplines also treated the research subject differently. Political geography considered “the area described by borders and characterised by some organisation, i.e. above all a state” or region as central, while historical geography acknowledged its importance as one of many elements, apart from the transformed (cultural) environment, settlement, elementary disasters, formed communication network, the history of geographical horizons, toponymy and historical cartography, while referring it, as mentioned earlier, the reconstructed image of the past. With the development of the methodological foundations of both sciences, the belief that “what is today includes what was yesterday, so in order to understand the presence, we have to study the past” grew. This reflection was aided by the deepening relations between historical geography and anthropogeography, which influenced not only the expansion of tasks of the former, but also lead to the inclusion of the “historical element” in the scope of geo-political discussion. Reaching into the past to reveal spatial differences and similarities of a political nature, more and more boldly practised by political geography, was also caused by the references to human history (human “fate”) construed in the spirit of mechanistic determinism, as well as the changes in the political map of the world at the break of 19th and 20th centuries. As their eyewitness, political geography could not close itself in a narrow, quickly dating formula of the present. The explanation of interrelations between political entities and their physical-geographical surrounding attempted at the time required constant references to the historical context. The contemporary political map was quickly becoming, if we can paraphrase Barbag, a strictly historical map. The practice of reaching into the past to interpret contemporary phenomena and political systems caused the historical context to become an immanent element of political geography. The discipline was becoming more and more bold in interpreting the political map and the territorial characteristics of political formation and development of states and regions, not only in the presence, but also in the future. This research field saw the formation – in reference to the bond between history and geography – of a unique relationship between historical geography and political geography. Significantly, by exposing the past, political geography sometimes lost view of the presence, i.e. the element that defined its existence and distinguished it from historical geography. Thus, we can say that M. Kulesza (2009) was right when he observed, as mentioned above, that the development of political geography after World War II and, especially in the 1990s, resulted in the “internal” expansion and the emergence of new research fields, which was caused by, among other things, taking some of them from historical geography.

PL

W artykule dokonano uzasadnienia tytułowego powiązania geografii politycznej i historycznej. W tym celu przeprowadzono analizę relacji między obiema dyscyplinami, podejmującą kwestie ich genezy, kierunków rozwojowych, treści, zakresu i miejsca w systemie nauk, a także ustanowienia ram organizacyjnych dla rozwoju tych dyscyplin w łódzkim ośrodku geograficznym.

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Geografia historyczna osadnictwa wiejskiego w Polsce - kierunki i metody badan oraz perspektywy

88%

Szulc H.

Przegląd Geograficzny. Polska Akademia Nauk

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2003

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tom 75

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nr 3

335-350

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Czasowo-przestrzenne bazy danych jako narzędzie e geografii historycznej

88%

Szady B. , II K. U. L. J. P.

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2013

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nr 14

PL

Artykuł odnosi się do trudności w praktycznym zastosowaniu czasowo-przestrzennych baz danych w badaniach geograficzno-historycznych. Praktyka badawcza, oprócz bezsprzecznych zalet włączenia narzędzi bazodanowych do prac historycznych, przynosi także istotne trudności związane z niepewnością, niepełnością oraz brakiem precyzji informacji historycznych. Cechy te, a także subiektywizm (interpretacyjność) wnioskowania historycznego, powinny być uwzględniane w budowaniu historycznych systemów informacji geograficznej. Gromadzone w ten sposób informacje historyczne stają się łatwo dostępne do wtórnej interpretacji (schemat źródłowy). Schemat krytyczny bazy danych, konstruowany wspólnie przez historyków, ontologów inżynieryjnych oraz specjalistów od modelowania danych, powinien uwzględniać zarówno „wydarzeniowość”, jak i „procesowość” zjawisk historycznych, a także skomplikowaną charakterystykę obiektów czasowo-przestrzennych (spór między endurantystami i perdurantystami).

EN

The present article deals with problems of the practical application of spatio-temporal databases in geo-historical studies. Research practice – besides the indisputable advantages of applying database tools for analysis of historical data – also includes the significant problems of uncertainty, incompleteness and lack of precision of historical sources. These features, as well as the subjectivism (interpretability) of should be taken into account while building historical geographical information systems. Existing solutions consider to only a small extent the properties of the research process appropriate to historical geography. One of the solutions suggested in the present article is a division of a database structure into two interrelated schemes: a source scheme and a critical scheme. Historical information thus gathered becomes easily accessible for secondary interpretation (the source scheme). The critical scheme of the database, which is collectively constructed by historians, engineering ontologists and specialists in database modelling, should consider both the event and the process character of historical phenomena as well as the complex characteristics of spatio-temporal objects (the dispute between endurantists and perdurantists).

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Wprowadzenie. Wielokulturowość i wielokulturowe dziedzictwo z perspektywy geografii politycznej i historycznej

75%

Rykała A. , Uniwersytet Łódzki W. N. G.

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tom 2

5

Krajobraz widziany przez historyka.

75%

Tyszkiewicz J.

Krajobrazy Dziedzictwa Narodowego

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2000

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nr 1

3-6

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Modelowanie obiektów topograficznych w bazach danych historycznych

63%

Panecki T. , Zakład Geoinformatyki K. i. T.

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2015

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nr 21

PL

Celem artykułu jest zaproponowanie koncepcji modelowania obiektów topograficznych w bazach danych historycznych w celu integracji geometrycznej i topologicznej. Głównym źródłem danych są mapy archiwalne w różnych skalach opracowane na przestrzeni 150 lat (od przełomu XVIII/XIX do połowy XX wieku). Ze względu na różnorodność materiałów źródłowych w celu integracji geometrii danych topograficznych zaproponowano podejście oparte na metodzie retrogresywnej.

EN

Large informative potential of archive maps makes them a valuable source of spatial and attribute data for historians, geographers, archaeologists and planners. Since their proper application in GIS (Geographic Information System) often requires a proper database elaboration, there have been proposed several concepts of historical spatial databases. However, they do not include the full range of topographic maps’ content, and they were primarily based on secondary data sources (e.g. atlases, dictionaries). The aim of the paper is to propose the concept of topographic objects’ modelling in historical databases which will be based on archived maps in various scales developed over 150 years (eighteenth/nineteenth century – half of the twentieth century). Relating the data with current maps will be available through the connection between planned repository and contemporary spatial databases, e.g. Polish national Database of Topographic Objects (BDOT). In the project materials including Poland in modern borders will be analysed. Due to the variety of source materials, the main objective of text is to present the initial concept of historical topographic objects’ database structure on the example of the integration of topographic data geometry. The problem of how geometry should be stored for each features acquired from the map should be solved. Firstly, each of them can have a separate entry position (Time-slice snapshots) in the database. Secondly, socalled “metaobject” grid with fixed geometry, but variable attributes can be used (Space-time composite). Since archive maps are characterized by a largely low mathematical precision, therefore its content vectorization without considering the topological relationships between features seems to be incorrect. Maps’ elements belonging to the cultural landscape (e.g. settlements, communication network) should rather be stored with fixed geometry and variable attributes. In the contrast, the natural landscape (e.g. hydrography, afforestation), due to the different and difficult to capture changes especially on inaccurate maps (e.g. course of the river) should be stored with individual geometry for each feature depicted on each map.

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Nazwy własne w „Dagome iudex”

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Łuczyński M.

Prace Językoznawcze

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2015

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nr 17/4

69–93

EN

This article is devoted to the reinterpretation of proper names refering to one of the earliest historical sources concerning Polish history, known as “Dagome iudex” (ca 991–992 BC). The author focuses on the question of how to interpret some uncertain Latinized versions of Slavic names included in this document. For example, some historians interpret Dagome as a bastardized version of the words Ego Mesco dux meaning “I, prince Mieszko”. According to the opinion of the majority of scholars, Alemure might be the city of Olomouc, in Moravia. A paleographical and micro-philological analysis leads the author to the conclusion that these Medieval Latin forms should be transcribed as follows: Dagome – Tągoma, Misica – Mieszek, Schinesgne – Gniezno and Alemure – Lemiesza. In the author’s opinion, the document provides a description of Polish western borders including the Lower Silesia and ending at the Lusatian Neisse and the Oder, at the end of tenth century. A new interpretation of the document is discussed, suggesting that the main purpose of Mieszko was problably to prevent German territorial claims on the borderlands.

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Profesor Stanisław Litak (1932–2010) – przyczynek do biografii naukowo-dydaktycznej

63%

Szady J.

Studia Paedagogica Ignatiana

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2018

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tom 21

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nr 2

99-112

PL

Sylwetka naukowo-dydaktyczna prof. Stanisława Litaka obejmuje znaczący obszar badań nad historią społeczno-religijną epoki nowożytnej, realizowaną w trakcie wieloletniej pracy zawodowej na Katolickim Uniwersytecie Lubelskim w latach 1961–2005. W trakcie aktywności zawodowej prof. Litak współtworzył lubelskie środowisko badaczy struktur Kościoła nowożytnego i geografii historycznej oraz reprezentował je na forum międzynarodowym. Równorzędną rolę w Jego naukowych zainteresowaniach pełniła historia oświaty epoki przedrozbiorowej, która zaowocowała autorstwem popularnego podręcznika akademickiego o historii wychowania, wykorzystywanego do dziś przez studentów zainteresowanych zagadnieniami historii edukacji. Dualizm pracy naukowej odzwierciedlają również okoliczności zatrudnienia prof. Litaka zarówno w Instytucie Historii oraz w Instytucie Pedagogiki KUL. Pokłosiem lat pracy są liczne publikacje naukowe, utrzymane w konwencji przyjętych kierunków badawczych. Nieoceniona pozostaje też spuścizna Profesora w postaci kapitału ludzkiego – seminarzystów, uczniów naukowych, współpracowników, którzy podejmują trud kontynuacji obranych przez Niego kierunków badawczych. Profesor Litak wyznaczył standardy w pracy naukowej, które pozostają godne naśladowania, dał się również poznać jako ciepły, skromny, ale wymagający nauczyciel akademicki i kierownik zespołów pracowniczych. Warto podkreślić i docenić Jego zasługi dla humanistyki polskiej, ze względu na wartość merytoryczną prac, które na stałe weszły do historiografii. Pamięć o Nim, jako o człowieku nauki, który niósł ze sobą wartości badawcze i utrzymywał dobre relacje międzyludzkie, zasługuje również na propagowanie w środowiskach akademickich.

EN

The scientific and didactic portrait of Professor Stanisław Litak includes a considerable area of research on the social and religious history of the modern era carried out during the many years of work at the Catholic University of Lublin in the years 1961–2005. In the period of his professional activity, Professor Litak co-created the Lublin environment of researchers dealing with the structures of the modern Church and historical geography and he represented it on the international forum. A parallel role in his scientific interests was played by the history of education of the pre-partitioning period. The fruit of those interests was a popular academic textbook written by him about the history of education and still used by students concerned with the issues referring to the history of education. The duality of research work is also reflected in the circumstances in which Professor Litak was employed both at the Institute of History and the Institute of Pedagogy of the Catholic University of Lublin. The aftermath of his work includes numerous scientific publications written within the convention of the adopted scientific research directions. The Professor’s legacy in the form of human capital, namely students from the seminar, scientific students and colleagues who undertake the effort to continue the research directions established by him, remains invaluable. Professor Litak established standards in research work which deserve to be followed. He was also known as a warm, modest but demanding university teacher and head of teams. What should be emphasized and appreciated are his merits for the Polish humanities, which are due to the value of his works, constituting a permanent element of historiography. Memory about him as a man of science who epitomized research values and maintained good human relationships also deserves to be kept alive in academic circles.

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Влияние археологии на развитие исторической географии как науки и учебной дисциплины в середине XIX – начале XX вв.

51%

Trubczaninow S.

Studia Warmińskie

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2015

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nr 52

315-326

PL

Autor artykułu prezentuje interdyscyplinarny charakter geografii historycznej jako dyscypliny naukowej i przedmiotu studiów. Prezentacja ma na celu określenie jej specyfiki oraz zarysowanie historii jej powstania i rozwoju. Autor przedstawia intersujące powiązania pomiędzy archeologią i geografią historyczną, jakie daje się zauważyć na przełomie XIX i XX stulecia. Ówczesna archeologia ukazana zostaje jako dyscyplina naukowa, która istotnie wpłynęła na rozwój geografii historycznej. Autor zarysowuje także, w jaki sposób wykładano geografię historyczną na uniwersytetach w Imperium Rosyjskim.

EN

This article examines the interdisciplinary nature of historical geography as a science and educational discipline to determine the features of its formation and development. The article shows the relationship of archaeology and historical geography in the middle of the XIX to early XX centuries. In particular, the article shows the influence of archaeology on the development of the historical and geographical research and teaching of historical geography in higher education institutions of the Russian Empire.

DE

Dieser Artikel untersucht die Interdisziplinarität historischer Geographie als Wissenschaft und pädagogische Disziplin, um die Eigenschaften seiner Entstehung und Entwicklung zu bestimmen. Der Artikel zeigt die Beziehung der Archäologie und historischer Geographie in der Mitte des XIX. Jahrhunderts bis Anfang XX. Jahrhunderts. Insbesondere der Artikel zeigt den Einfluss der Archäologie an der Entwicklung des historischen und geographischen Forschung. Der Verfasser bespricht auch die Lehre der historischen Geographie in den Hochschulen des russischen Reiches.