Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Assessment of Heavy Metals Contamination in Spoil Heaps of Ain Aouda Mine (Taza, Morocco)

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Assabar N. , Lahmidi I. , Jabrane R.

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tom Vol. 24, nr 3

224--231

EN

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the level of heavy metal contamination in the spoil heaps of the former Ain Aouda mine (Taza). In this regard, solid samples of the study area were sampled. The set of analyses carried out have detected the presence of zinc (Zn), lead (Pb), copper (Cu), arsenic (As) and nickel (Ni) that remain in these metal discharges. The calculation of contamination/pollution indices: the Geo Accumulation Index (Igeo), the Enrichment Factor (EF) and the Pollution Index (IP) were used to predict the extent of heavy metal contamination. The results of this study suggest that the spoil heaps reveal polymetallic contaminations allowing the trace metal elements to be classified in the following order Zn ˃ Pb ˃ As ˃ Cu > Ni. Knowing well that the alteration and erosion of this stock of mine waste could contribute to the degradation of the natural environment by these elements that are present.

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Impact of heavy metals on water, fish (Cyprinus carpio) and sediments from a water tank at Tumkur, India

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Nayaka B. M. S. , Ramakrishna S. , Jayaprakash D. M. R.

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2009

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tom Vol. 38, No.2

17-28

EN

This study was carried out to assess the concentrations of various heavy metals and their distribution in a hyper-eutrophic urban Tumkur tank system, which is being polluted from industrial, domestic and sewage effluents. Samples of water, fish and soil sediment were analyzed for the concentration of seven heavy metals (iron, zinc, copper, nickel, chromium, lead and cadmium) using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The water-soluble (bioavailable) fractions of heavy metals correlated positively with their total concentration, exhibiting the following sequence of bioavailability: Zn > Cd > Ni > Pb > Cu > Cr > Fe. Cyprinus carpio exhibited a maximum bioaccumulation factor for copper (5500). The mean values of all types of collected samples were correlated with the corresponding mean values in a control tank (Teetha tank). The sequence of the order of the concentration of the metals in water, fish and sediment samples exhibiting higher values than those observed in the control tank was as follows: Cr > Pb > Cu = Ni > Fe > Cd > Zn, Cr > Cd > Cu = Zn > Pb > Fe = Ni and Fe > Pb > Cr > Cu > Ni > Zn > Cd, respectively. The geoaccumulation indices of the heavy metals revealed that the tank is moderately to strongly contaminated. As Cyprinus carpio is extensively used for human consumption, there is a growing health risk that these metals could find their way into the human food chain.

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Lead and Zinc in Soils Around a Zinc-Works – Presence, Mobility and Environmental Risk

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Kicińska A.

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2020

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tom Vol. 21, nr 4

185--198

EN

The aim of this paper was to analyse the impact of long-term operation of a zinc-works on the soil environment based on 20-year observations. The study material comprised the surface soil samples and soil profiles collected in close vicinity of the zinc-works in Miasteczko Śląskie (Southern Poland) and in the locations within certain distance from the plant. The total content of Pb and Zn in the surface soil samples collected in the vicinity of the zinc-works in 2018 ranged from 3,975 to 26,200 mg/kg for Pb and from 3,358 to 21,867 mg/kg for Zn. These values were considerably higher than those recorded 20 years earlier (i.e. 601–11,939 mg/kg and 1,009–13,924 mg/kg for Pb and Zn, respectively). The mineral composition was dominated by quartz, feldspars and carbonates (e.g. calcium carbonate). Additionally, iron hydroxides (lepidocrocite), lead sulphates (anglesite) and zinc silicates (hemimorphite) were found. The bioavailable quantities of Pb and Zn in the soil samples collected in 2018 amounted to 30% of the total content in the case of Pb and 34% of the total Zn content. Twenty years earlier, the mean values were 66% (Pb) and 44% (Zn), respectively. The acidity of the soil samples collected in the vicinity of the zincworks indicated their very good buffering capacity, as well as the capacity to release 58-60% of the total Pb and Zn contents to the environment, with a pH decrease of only 3 units. The Risk Assessment Code (RAC) calculated based on the Pb and Zn cations in the exchangeable positions and bound with carbonates indicates that even after 20 years, there is still a high environmental risk related to the presence of those metals in soils. This paper also demonstrates that presently the major factors contributing to the pollution of soil are deflation and suffosion of small particles from the old, unprotected mining and industrial waste dumps.

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Anthropogenic impact on the quality of water and agricultural soil in Guadiana Valley, Durango, Mexico

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Velázquez-Chávez L. d. J. , Chávez-Simental J. A. , Pámanes-Carrasco G. A. , Pereda-Solís M. E. , Carrillo-Parra A. , Ortiz-Sánchez I. A.

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tom Vol. 30, nr 3

373--386

EN

One of the most important effluents in Guadiana Valley, Durango is El Tunal River, mostly used for agricultural and livestock supply. This river has been polluted by agricultural activity and wastewater discharges. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the current quality of water and agricultural soil near the river, to estimate the environmental situation of the agricultural sector and its main pollution sources. Hence, a total of 24 soil and five water samples were taken, analysing parameters of organic matter, pH, nutrients, and heavy metals(loid)s (As, Cd, Pb, Zn) in five agricultural areas. The randomised experimental design showed significant variations in soil (p < 0.05) of organic matter, nitrogen, As, and Pb between sampling points, confirming suitable conditions for agriculture. Although contamination by heavy metal(loid)s exists, it is below permitted levels. In contrast, the physicochemical quality of the water indicated high levels of phosphates, total dissolved solids, and total coliforms, mainly in the nearest site of a wastewater treatment plant, thus the quality of the water is not suitable for consumption and irrigation for sensitive crops. Nevertheless, rainfall contributes to improve the quality of the river by diluting pollutants. Moreover, constant use of this water might represent a risk to human health and agriculture as it could transport elements to crops or soil, becoming a severe environmental problem.

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Metal pollution of sediments in small water reservoirs in the Kielce Highland (South Eastern Poland)

72%

Sałata A. , Bąk Ł. Z. , Chmielowski K. , Rabajczyk A.

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tom Vol. 45, no. 2

12--21

EN

The aim of the study was to evaluate the degree of pollution of bottom sediments from small water reservoirs with heavy metals on the basis of geochemical criteria: the enrichment factor and the geo-accumulation index. The investigations concerned sediment from eight small water reservoirs located in the Kielce Highland. Selected heavy metals, including cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and zinc, were determined using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometry method. Additionally, particle size distribution and the content of organic matter expressed as loss of ignition were designated. The concentration of heavy metals in sediments was characterized by a great variety. The sediments of Morawica and Rejów show very high and extremely high enrichment in Cr, Zn, Pb and Cd. The values of EF>20 indicate also an extremely high enrichment in Cd of sediments in Mostki. In addition, over 50% of the samples of sediment from Suchedniów, Kaniów, Mostki and Jaśle reservoirs (the value of EF for Cr exceeded 5) indicate a moderately high enrichment of this element. Results of the analysis of the Igeo values indicate that the tested sediments are characterized by moderately high [formula] or high [formula] pollution. The differences in individual enrichment factor and geoaccumulation index values may result in the nature of heavy metals, their pollution loads, as well as speciation forms of trace elements occurrence in sediment-water complex. These findings indicate that the integration of geochemical methods is necessary for an appropriate ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in bottom sediments.

PL

Celem niniejszej pracy było określenie stopnia zanieczyszczenia osadów dennych pochodzących z małych zbiorników wodnych metalami ciężkimi. Do oceny zanieczyszczenia osadów zastosowano następujące wskaźniki: współczynnik wzbogacenia (EF) oraz indeks geoakumulacji (Igeo). Badaniom poddano osady z ośmiu małych zbiorników zaporowych zlokalizowanych na terenie Wyżyny Kieleckiej. Zawartość wybranych metali ciężkich (kadmu, miedzi, chromu, ołowiu i cynku) określono metodą atomowej spektrometrii emisyjnej ze wzbudzeniem w plazmie indukowanej (ICP-OES). Dodatkowo określono skład granulometryczny osadów oraz zawartość materii organicznej – wyrażonej jako straty po prażeniu (LOI). Stężenie poszczególnych metali ciężkich w badanych zbiornikach było zróżnicowane. Osady zbiorników Morawica oraz Rejów charakteryzowały się bardzo dużym wzbogaceniem w chrom, cynk, ołów i kadm. Wyliczone wartości EF>20 wskazywały również na bardzo wysokie wzbogacenie w kadm osadów zbiornika Mostki. Ponadto, przeszło 50% przebadanych próbek osadów pochodzących ze zbiorników Suchedniów, Kaniów, Mostki i Jaśle odznaczało się umiarkowanie wysokim wzbogaceniem w chrom (EF>5). Natomiast wyniki analizy wartości indeksu Igeo wskazywały na umiarkowanie wysokie [formuła] lub wysokie [formuła] zanieczyszczenie osadów badanych zbiorników pierwiastkami śladowymi. Różnice w ocenie stopnia zanieczyszczenia osadów w oparciu o wyliczone wartości EF i Igeo mogą wynikać z samej natury pierwiastków śladowych, ładunku zanieczyszczeń wprowadzanych do środowiska wodnego jak również form specjacyjnych metali występujących w kompleksie woda–osad. Spostrzeżenie to implikuje konieczność integracji metod geochemicznych w ocenie ryzyka ekologicznego oraz stopnia zanieczyszczenia osadów dennych metalami ciężkimi.

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Assessment of arsenic enrichment of cultivated soils in Southern Poland

72%

Loska K. , Wiechula D. , Barska B. , Cebula E. , Chojnecka A.

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nr 2

7

Ocena zanieczyszczenia osadów dennych metalami śladowymi na przykładzie nizinnego zbiornika zaporowego w miejscowości Słup na Dolnym Śląsku

58%

Senze M. , Kowalska-Góralska M. , Wondołowska-Grabowska A.

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2017

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tom Vol. 39, nr 4

51--56

PL

Analizowano stan zanieczyszczenia metalami śladowymi (ołów, miedź, nikiel, cynk, kadm, chrom, kobalt) osadów dennych w zbiorniku zaporowym „Słup” na Dolnym Śląsku na tle potencjalnego wpływu emisji z kopalni miedzi. Stopień zanieczyszczenia osadów dennych określono na podstawie wartości współczynnika geoakumulacji metali (Igeo). Spośród analizowanych metali śladowych kadm, ołów i cynk przyjmowały wartości mieszczące się w grupie osadów niezanieczyszczonych (I klasa czystości osadów). Z kolei zawartość kobaltu i miedzi osiągała wartości przypisane osadom niezanieczyszczonym i umiarkowanie zanieczyszczonym (klasa I i II), a nikiel i chrom osadom umiarkowanie zanieczyszczonym (klasa II). Badania wykazały nieznaczny wpływ oddziaływania kopalni miedzi na środowisko wodne zbiornika zaporowego. Możne to wynikać z napływu mas powietrza na teren Dolnego Śląska najczęściej z kierunków zachodniego i południowo-zachodniego. Dlatego kopalnia miedzi, znajdująca się na północ od zbiornika, nie ma większego wpływu na jakość wód retencjonowanych w zbiorniku zaporowym.

EN

Degree of trace metal contamination (lead, copper, nickel, zinc, cadmium, chromium, cobalt) of bottom sediments from the Slup dam reservoir in Lower Silesia was analyzed considering potential effect of copper mine emissions. Degree of bottom sediment contamination was determined on the basis of a geoaccumulation factor for metals (Igeo). Among the analyzed trace metals, values for cadmium, lead and zinc were within the limits for the uncontaminated sediment group (class I). Cobalt and copper content were at the “uncontaminated” and “moderately contaminated” level (class I and II), while that of nickel and chrome — within limits for the moderately contaminated group (class II). The research pointed towards a negligible copper mine impact on the water environment of the dam reservoir. This could be explained by the inflow of air masses over the Lower Silesia Region mostly from the west and south-west. Therefore, the copper mine located to the north of the reservoir does not have a major effect on quality of the dam reservoir water.