Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Restriction analysis of genetic variability of Polish isolates of Tomato black ring virus.

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Jończyk M. , Borodynko N. , Pospieszny H.

Acta Biochimica Polonica

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2004

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tom 51

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nr 3

673-681

EN

Several different isolates of Tomato black ring virus (TBRV) have been collected in Poland from cucumber, tomato, potato and black locust plants. Biological tests showed some differences in the range of infected plants and the type of symptoms, which was the basis for selection of seven the most biologically different TBRV isolates. According to the sequence of TBRV-MJ, several primer pairs were designed and almost the entire sequence of both genomic RNAs was amplified. The RT-PCR products derived from all tested TBRV isolates were digested by restriction enzymes. On the basis of the restriction patterns, the variable and the conserved regions of the TBRV genome were defined and the relationships between the Polish TBRV isolates established.

2

Genetic variability of the μ-opioid receptor influences intrathecal fentanyl analgesia requirements in laboring women

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Landau R. L. , Kern C. , Columb M. O. , Smiley R. M. , Blouin J.-L.

Ból

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2009

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tom 10

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nr 1

EN

Labor initiates one of the most intensely painful episodes in a woman’s life. Opioids are used to provide analgesia with substantial interindividual variability in efficacy. μ-opioid receptor (μ OR, OPRM1) genetic variants may explain differences in response to opioid analgesia. We hypothesized that OPRM1 304A/G polymorphism influences the median effective dose (ED50) of intrathecal fentanyl via combined spinal-epidural for labor analgesia. Nulliparous women were prospectively recruited around 35 weeks gestation (n=224), and genotyped for 304A/G polymorphism. Those requesting neuraxial labor analgesia were enrolled in one of the two double-blinded trials: up-down sequential allocation (SA, n=50) and a separate confirmatory random-dose allocation trial (RA, n=97). Effective analgesia from intrathecal fentanyl was defined by P60 min analgesia with verbal rating score 61 (scale 0–10) and was compared between μ OR 304A homozygotes (Group A) and women carrying at least one 304G allele (Group G). OPRM1 304G allele frequency f(-) was 0.18. Using SA, intrathecal fentanyl ED50 was 26.8 lg (95% CI 22.7–30.9) in Group A and 17.7 μg (95% CI 13.4–21.9) in Group G (p<0.001; 304A homozygosity increased the ED50 1.5-fold). RA confirmed that 304A homozygosity significantly increases intrathecal fentanyl ED50 (27.4 μg in Group A and 12.8 μg in Group G [p<0.002; 2.1-fold]). We demonstrate for the first time that the μ OR 304G variant significantly reduces intrathecal fentanyl ED50 for labor analgesia, suggesting women with the G variant may be more responsive to opioids and require less analgesic drugs. These findings for intrathecal fentanyl pharmacogenetics may have implications for patients receiving opioids in other settings.

PL

Poród stanowi jedno z najintensywniejszych doznań bólowych w życiu kobiety. Do analgezji używa się opioidów; cechują się one jednak istotną zmiennością w zakresie skuteczności u poszczególnych osób. Odmiany genetyczne receptora opioidowego μ (ROμ, OPRM1) mogą tłumaczyć różnicę w odpowiedzi na analgezję opioidową. Zaproponowaliśmy hipotezę, według której polimorfizm 304A/G genu OPRM1 wpływa na medianę skutecznej dawki (ED50) fentanylu podawanego dokanałowo w łączonej analgezji podpajęczynówkowo-zewnątrzoponowej w przebiegu porodu. Do badania w sposób prospektywny włączono pierworódki będące w około 35 tygodniu ciąży (n=224); wykonano u nich genotypowanie polimorfizmu 304A/G. Pacjentki zgłaszające potrzebę blokady centralnej w trakcie porodu włączano do jednego z dwóch badań klinicznych prowadzonych metodą podwójne ślepej próby: w pierwszym z nich dawki przypisywano sekwencyjnie metodą „w górę lub w dół” (grupa przypisania sekwencyjnego, PS; n=50); w odrębnym potwierdzającym badaniu dokonywano losowego przypisania do dawki leku (grupa przypisania losowego, PL; n=97). Skuteczną analgezję przy użyciu fentanylu podawanego dokanałowo definiowano jako analgezję ≥60 min. z oceną słowną natężenia bólu ≤1 (skala od 0 do 10) i porównywano między pacjentkami, będącymi homozygotami pod względem ROμ 304A (Grupa A) i kobietami, które były nosicielkami co najmniej jednego allelu G (Grupa G). Częstość występowania allelu 304G OPRM1 ƒ(-) wyniosła 0,18. W badaniu z PS, ED50 dla fentanylu podawanego dokanałowo wyniosła 26,8 μg (95% CI: 22,7–30,9) w grupie A i 17,7 μg (95% CI: 13,4–21,9) w grupie G (p<0,001; homozygotyczność względem 304A zwiększała ED50 o 1,5 raza). Badanie z PL potwierdziło, że homozygotyczność względem allelu 304A istotnie zwiększa ED50 fentanylu podawanego dokanałowo (27,4 μg w Grupie A i 12,8 μg w Grupie G [p<0,002; 2,1-krotnie]). Wykazaliśmy po raz pierwszy, że wariant 304G ROμ znamiennie zmniejsza ED50 fentanylu podawanego dokanałowo w celu uzyskania analgezji podczas porodu, co wskazuje, że kobiety z wariantem G mogą lepiej reagować na opioidy i wymagać mniejszych dawek leków przeciwbólowych. Przedstawione wyniki dotyczące farmakogenetyki fentanylu podawanego dokanałowo mogą być istotne dla pacjentów, którzy otrzymują opioidy z innych powodów.

3

Preliminary studies on genetic resistance or susceptibility of sheep to gastro-intestinal nematodes

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Malczewski A. , Krupinski J. , Gruner L. , Nowosad B. , Fudalewicz-Niemczyk W. , Robozynski M. , Skalska M.

Acta Parasitologica

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1994

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tom 39

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nr 1

EN

On the basis of the faecal examination and necropsies, prevalence of infection, number of species and egg counts (EPG) were estimated. A comparison of EPG of ewes and their lambs showed, that of the group of lambs with the lowest EPG, 25% were from resistant mothers while in the group with the highest EPG - 31.25%

4

Does the genetic variability of Phragmites australis (Cav.) Trin. ex Steud determine the spatial distribution of the species?

88%

Świerk D. , Krzyżaniak M. , Kosiada T. , Urbański P. , Behnke-Borowczyk J.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2018

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tom Vol. 47, No. 4

405--414

EN

This paper is an attempt to answer the question whether common reed specimens growing in a particular habitat are genetically related. We have tried to identify groups of plants homogeneous in terms of habitat requirements and genetic similarity. Our objective was also to answer the question whether habitat conditions can affect the morphological characteristics of plants. Plants and bottom sediments were collected from 40 sites in central Poland, which differ in soil moisture and the degree of urbanization. Our research and analysis confirm the hypothesis to a certain extent. During the study, we identified three groups of plants homogeneous in terms of habitat and genetic factors (CVA model), which constitute 20% of all examined plants. In our opinion, further research is required on a larger population of P. australis in a larger area. The research revealed that plants growing in moist and wet areas were characterized by higher content of chlorophyll in leaves, longer stems as well as thicker and wider laminae. The common reed plants preferred anthropogenic substrates, which did not contain many nutrients, but were abundant in calcium. Our study confirmed the high tolerance of P. australis to soil salinity.

5

Sorghum lysine-rich cultivar verification by SDS-PAGE and Southern blot

88%

Eswara Reddy N. P. , Jacobs M.

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tom 24

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nr 3

6

Genetic variability of Pinus sylvestris populations from IUFRO 1982 provenance trial

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Androsiuk P. , Urbaniak L.

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2014

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tom 71

EN

Provenance trials were designed to analyse the quantitative responses of tree species to environmental variables found in different experiment location. However, we have still limited knowledge how natural and artificial selection affects genetic variation of the species populations gather in such experimental sites. We have used bulked DNA-based RAPD and ISJ analysis to investigate genetic diversity and differentiation of Scots pine populations from two Polish locations of IUFRO 1982 provenance trial placed in Kórnik and in Supraśl. Applied categories of DNA markers differed in terms of revealing genetic diversity of the species. Ten RAPD primers applied in the study yielded a total of 75 bands, of which 21 (28%) and 15 (20%) were polymorphic in Kórnik and in Supraśl, respectively. Six ISJ primers revealed 42 bands of which 4 (9.52%) and 14 (33.3%) were polymorphic in Kórnik and in Supraśl, respectively. The genetic diversity and differentiation was low, as expressed by He=0.071 and He=0.085, and by genetic distance values which ranged from 0.0 to 0.240 (on average 0.081) and from 0.017 to 0.188 (on average 0.094) for Kórnik and Supraśl, respectively. Location of provenance trial appeared to have a significant influence on revealed level of genetic polymorphism and pattern of interpopulation differentiation. However, genetic structure found for analysed Scots pine provenances from IUFRO 1982 in Kórnik was also confirmed for Supraśl experimental site. In the light of available data we also discussed the influence of historical migration routes and gene flow on observed genetic variation of the species.

7

The effect of the ploidy level and genetic background of Sphagnum denticulatum on its morphology and ecological requirements

75%

Melosik I.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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tom Vol. 38, No.4

153-164

EN

This paper presents a current study on the morphology, genetic variability, and ecological requirements of the gametophytically diploid S. denticulatum (Bryophyta, Sphagnaceae). Its broad variations in morphology and physiology, coupled with its low genetic variability, may be explained by epigenetic remodeling in response to environmental heterogeneity. Phenotypes initiated via a plastic response can be canalized in the stable and predictable conditions on the bottom of Lobelia lakes. The problem of the different development of these isolated populations is a matter for further taxonomic studies and discussion. Taking into account the great physiological tolerance and massive development of S. denticulatum, predominantly in man-made and man-modified habitats, the question arises: how far should we go to protect this species? This is particularly important at sites where it threatens the survival of other protected plants.

8

Electrophoretically detected genetic variability of yellow sweet clover Melilotus officinalis [L.] Lam populations

75%

Krzakowa M. , Synowiec-Rudawska H.

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2009

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tom 55

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nr 3

170-177

EN

Six natural populations of sweet clover (Melilotus officinalis) were examined for allelic frequencies at 7 electrophoretically detected polymorphic loci in five enzyme systems: LAP, AP, ME, EST and PX. According to Nei’s statistics, the extent of genetic variability in all populations shows that intra-population genetic variability is expressed by higher values of GST coefficient (mean value for all loci 0.135) which exceeds values of inter-population differences expressed by DST=0.059 coefficient. Gene flow between populations is rather low (Nm=1.60). Hierarchical clustering (UPGMA) of Hedrick’s genetic distances (when examined simultaneously in all the allozymes), demonstrated three groups of populations suggesting certain tendency to geographic connections.

PL

Sześć naturalnych populacji nostrzyka zółtego (Melilotus officinalis) przebadano pod względem częstości występowania 7 elektroforetycznie wyodrębnionych polimorficzmych loci w pięciu układach enzymatycznych: LAP, AP, ME, EST i PX. Zastosowanie statystyki Neia [4] dla wyrażenia wewnątrzpopulacyjnego (GST=0,139) i międzypopulacyjnego (DST=0,059) zróżnicowania genetycznego wykazało większe różnice międzypopulacyjne. Przepływ genów miedzy populacjami okazał się raczej niski (Nm=1,60). Porównanie populacji metodą najbliższego sąsiedztwa (UPGMA) pozwoliło wykreślić dendryt, na którym połączenia między populacjami (grupując 2 populacje z Wielkopolski i trzy populacje z rejonu Gór Świętokrzyskich) mogą sugerować podobieństwa geograficzne.

9

Role of the host genetic variability in the influenza A virus susceptibility

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Arcanjo A. C. , Mazzocco G. , de Oliveira S. F. , Plewczynski D. , Radomski J. P.

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2014

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tom 61

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nr 3

10

Low genetic variability of Rhinolophus mehelyi (Mehely's horseshoe bat) in Romania

75%

Dragu A. , Borissov I.

Acta Theriologica

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2011

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tom 56

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nr 4

EN

Rhinolophus mehelyi (Mehely's horseshoe bat) is a vulnerable species with an increasingly fragmented distribution. In Romania, populations of R. mehelyi have experienced a dramatic decline over the past 50 years, and the current population size is estimated at only 100 adult individuals inhabiting almost exclusively the Limanu cave. In the present study, we investigated the genetic consequences of population decline for the viability of the remaining population of R. mehelyi in Romania. We sequenced and analyzed a 359-bp fragment of the mitochondrial control region from the only known Romanian population and compared it with two geographically close colonies from Bulgaria. A single haplotype was found in the Romanian population compared to 10 in the Bulgarian population, suggesting genetic isolation.

11

Genetic diversity of Melica transsilvanica Schur [Poaceae] at its northern range limit

75%

Szczepaniak M. , Cieslak E.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2009

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tom 51

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nr 1

71-82

EN

Geographically marginal populations are expected to have low genetic variability, which potentially can affect their viability. In Poland Melica transsilvanica Schur reaches the northern limit of its continuous geographical range. Genetic diversity and population genetic structure were analyzed in 15 of its marginal and more central populations using AFLPs. Overall, genetic diversity parameters did not differ significantly, and comparable patterns of genetic variation were found in central and marginal populations. All AFLP phenotypes were unique to particular populations. Unique alleles were fixed in some central and some marginal populations. The percentage of polymorphic loci varied from 1.30 to 5.19 (3.24 average) in central populations and from 0.43 to 5.63 (2.36 average) in marginal ones. Hierarchical analyses of molecular variance (AMOVA) for each species/region combination revealed highly significant differentiation between populations and showed similar partitioning of molecular variance in marginal and central populations of M. transsilvanica (diversity between populations: 93.24% and 93.18%, p < 0.001, respectively). The scattered distribution of suitable species habitats and the predominant selfing breeding system of the species strengthen the effect of selection pressure on fixation of unique loci in individual populations. Marginal populations of M. transsilvanica with unique alleles considerably expand the genetic variation of the species and are therefore valuable for conservation of genetic diversity.

12

Wood density in European larch (Larix decidua Mill.) from selected provenances grown at the Siemianice Forest Experimental Station

75%

Szaban J. , Kowalkowski W. , Łacka A. , Karaszewski Z.

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2021

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tom vol. 64, nr 207

27--41

EN

The purpose of this study was to determine variation in the density of wood from different provenances, growing under the same soil and climate conditions. Samples were obtained from an experimental site located at the Siemianice Forest Experimental Station. We analyzed larch wood samples from trees aged 48 years, collected from six different provenances in Poland. Diameter at breast height (DBH) and tree height were used to calculate the parameters for sample trees, from which a 70 cm segment was cut, from breast height upwards (up to 2 m of tree height). Samples with dimensions 20 × 20 × 30 mm were obtained from the material. Sample volume was determined by stereometry. Relative density was determined for 890 samples. The highest wood density was found in trees from Czerniejewo, and the lowest in trees from Rawa Mazowiecka. Analysis of variance, including the mean wood density values of trees, did not demonstrate significant differences between provenances in terms of this characteristic. Mean relative density was higher in larch wood samples from the heartwood zone. The density of samples cut closer to the bark was lower, as the value was affected by the large content of sapwood. A relation was found between the provenances from which the study material was sourced and the relative density of wood.

13

Genetic variability in goitred gazelle Gazella subgutturosa subgutturosa: allozymes and karyotypes

75%

Schreiber A. , Von Hegel G.

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nr 1

EN

The electrophoretic polymorphism of blood proteins, and karyotypes, were studied in up to 33 captive-bred Persian goitred gazelles Gazella s. subgutturosa (Giildenstaedt, 1780). Allozymes, haemoglobins and serum proteins representing 33 putative genetic loci displayed four biallelic polymorphisms (carbonic anhydrase, malate dehydrogenase, mannose phosphate isomerase, transferrin), resulting in a percentage polymorphism of p = 0.121, and an expected heterozygosity of He = 0.047. Six males had 2n = 31, and seven females 2n = 30 chromosomes. This sex-specific difference was due to an X-autosomal translocation, coupled with a XYiYz sex determining system in males. Neither karyotypes nor protein polymorphism provided evidence to explain the high mortality of newborn goitred gazelles.

14

Genetic protein variability in tench [ Tinca tinca L.] stocks in Czech Republic

75%

Slechtova V. , Slechta V. , Valenta M.

Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii

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1995

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tom 42

|

nr 1-2

15

Genetic variability of Dreissena polymorpha [Pallas] populations from Western Pomerania, Poland

75%

Zielinski R. , Soroka M. , Polok K. , Swierczynski M.

Polskie Archiwum Hydrobiologii

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2000

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tom 47

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nr 2

16

Estimation of variance components for performance traits in Ukrainian pig populations

75%

Getya A. , Chub O. , Willeke H. , Wierzbicki H.

Animal Science Papers and Reports. Supplement

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2004

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tom 22

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nr 2

17

Genetic variability in selected Polish population of Dreissena polymorpha [Pallas] [Bivalvia; Dreissenidae]

75%

Zielinski R. , Soroka M. , Wachowiak-Zielinska M.

Journal of Applied Genetics

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1996

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tom 37

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nr 1

EN

Genetic variability of a selected population of Dreissena polymorpha, an invasive species playing a significant role in aquatic ecosystems, was studied. Starch gel electrophoresis was used to analyse 8 enzymatic loci in 200 individuals collected from 20 sites in a lake. The population was found to have 75.0% of polymorphic loci, 2.8 alleles per locus, 3.5 alleles per polymorphic locus, 0.393 coefficient of expected heterozygosity, and 149 genotypes. Zebra mussel clumps were strongly polymorphic; almost every individual had a different genotype. The high polymorphism observed in the D. polymorpha clumps had most likely resulted from external cross-fertilisation and the presence of free-swimming veliger larvae as well as from a considerable heterozygosity of individual bivalves. Genetic variability of the population studied was found to be similar to that of populations inhabiting other Western Pomeranian lakes, including both highly polluted ones and those formed as recently as about 40 years ago. This provides evidence for a mass colonisation of freshwater reservoirs effected by very polymorphic parent populations of D. polymorpha. The literature data on North American zebra mussel populations which invaded that continent about 10 years ago show them to be polymorphic, too, but not as much as European ones.

18

Evaluation of the genetic variability and vitalities of individuals in succeeding generations of inbred and heterozygotic populations

75%

Kruk C. , Skowronek W.

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1998

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tom 42

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nr 2

19

Genetic evidence for the distinctness of Kangal dogs

75%

Altunok V. , Koban E. , Chikhi L. , Schaffer A. , Pedersen N. C. , Nizamlioglu M. , Togan I.

Bulletin of the Veterinary Institute in Puławy

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2005

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tom 49

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nr 2

20

Regional genetic variability among South African vervet monkey Chlorocebus aethiops populations

75%

Grobler P. J. , Matlala J. M.

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tom 47

|

nr 2

EN

A South African rehabilitation centre for illegally kept vervet monkeys Chlorocebus aethiops Linnaeus, 1758 required an evaluation of the genetic status of vervet monkeys, to determine whether animals from different geographical areas may be mixed. We studied animals originating from three geographical regions and used biochemical genetic and morphological approaches to address this question. The most prominent trend from allozyme data was derived from the locus Prt-2 (an unspecified serum protein), where each of the three populations could be characterised by the absence or presence of unique alleles. Nevertheless, statistical coefficients indicated little genetic divergence, with genetic distance values of 0.001-0.003 and an overall fixation index value of 0.046. Average heterozygosity did not differ appreciably among populations (2.5-3.3%). The morphological study identified suitable traits, free from the influence of growth allometry, that can be used for inter-population comparisons. No significant morphological differences between con-specific populations were however found. It is concluded that vervet monkeys from the species' wider distribution range is relatively monotypic, but that monkeys from different geographical areas should not be unduly mixed, pending the results of finer grained molecular studies.