Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Geochemical features of fossil fuel contaminants found in urban wastes (Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland)

100%

Wojtoń A. , Fabiańska M.

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tom Vol. 42, iss. 1

19--32

EN

In sludge samples collected in the "Centrum" wastewater treatment plant in Siemianowice Śląskie, Poland, the composition of aliphatic- and aromatic hydrocarbons and polar compound fractions were investigated by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Samples collected in accordance with Polish standards were extracted, the extracts were separated into fractions with preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC), which next were investigated by GC-MS. The following compound groups of the geochemical origin were identified: n-alkanes in the range of n-C14 to n-C.39, acyclic isoprenoids (mainly pristane and phytane), steranes, tri- and pentacyclic triterpanes. Based on the distribution of biomarkers and their parameters, it was established that the dominant component of extractable organic matter in sluge is petroleum material of an unspecified origin. Its geochemical features indicate that its most likely source was crude oil (or its products) of a relatively high degree of thermal maturity (catagenic stage of thermal evolution corresponding to vitrinite reflectance 0.7-0.8%). Aromatic hydrocarbons probably originated from petroleum also, though some of them can be attributed to the products of combustion or to sources such as bituminous coals, the ash from coal/biofuel combustion or coal wastes stored nearby.

2

Determination of acrylamide in foods by automatic accelerated solvent extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

100%

Kang C. , Ma H. , Li Y. , Zhang C. , Hong Y. , Shao M.

Acta Chromatographica

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2021

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tom Vol. 33, no. 1

64--72

EN

The aim of the experiment is to establish a method for the determination of acrylamide in food by automatic accelerated solvent extraction-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. D3-acrylamide was used as isotope internal standard, crushed samples were extracted and purified by automatic accelerated solvent, acrylamide was derivatized into 2,3-dibromopropanamide by potassium bromide and potassium bromate under acidic conditions, and then the derivative was extracted by ethyl acetate and detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The method had a good linear relationship in the concentration range of 10–2000 ng/mL, and the coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.9997. The detection limit of the method was 3 mg/kg. The quantification limit of the method was 10 mg/kg. The standard addition recovery of acrylamide was between 105 and 120%, and the relative standard deviation of the recovery of acrylamide was less than 3.0%. The experimental result showed that the method was simple, sensitive, efficient and accurate, and could be used for the determination of acrylamide in food.

3

Comparison of headspace solvent microextraction, hydrodistillation solvent microextraction, and solid-phase microextraction for the study of volatile components of Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. by GC-MS

88%

Hashemi P. , Yarahmadi A. , Shamizadeh M. , Khademi K.

Acta Chromatographica

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2012

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tom Vol. 24, no. 1

97--109

EN

Kelussia odoratissima Mozaff. is a wild and endangered endemic plant found only in limited areas of central Zagros mountains, Iran. Three microextraction methods, that is, headspace solvent microextraction (HS-SME), hydrodistillation solvent microextraction (HD-SME), and solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and a conventional hydrodistillation method were used and compared for the extraction and gas chromatography- mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis of volatile components of the plant. In the HS-SME and HD-SME methods, a suspended n-heptadecane microdroplet was used for the extraction from the sample headspace, while in the SPME method, a PDMS fiber was applied. The highest extraction efficiency was obtained for the SPME method, with the highest number of identified components and best precision. As a consequence, the SPME method was used for the comparison of the volatile components of seeds, leaves, and pedicles of K. odoratissima collected from three different regions. One of the major components of the plant was butyl phthalide. The levels of this compound in the extractions from leaves, pedicles, and seeds were 34.1, 23.8, and 12.9%, respectively. The results also showed considerable variation between the volatile components of the samples collected from different areas.

4

Seasonality study of extracts from leaves of Thuja occidentalis L.

88%

Chajduk M. , Golebiowski M.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

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2022

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tom 64

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nr 1

5

Investigation of pyrolysis behavior of fenoxycarb using PY-GC-MS assisted with chemometric methods

75%

Wang G. , Hou Z. , Sun Y. , Liu Y. , Xie B. , Liu S.

Chemia Analityczna

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2007

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tom Vol. 52, No. 1

141-156

EN

Fenoxycarb is a carbamate-type insect growth regulator. To investigate its pyrolysis behavior, it was pyrolysed at 600°C, 750°C and 9QQ°C. Pyrolysate was directly subjected to GC-MS analysis. The separated components were identified using probability-based matching procedure followed by correlation of the boiling point- Lee retention index. It has been shown that (Py-GC-MS) pyrolysis assisted with chemometric methods is an effective technique for the investigation of carbamate pesticide pyrolysis, 84 components were determined in pyrolysate, which included the products of thermal decomposition of fenoxycarb, a variety of monoaromatics, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and other oxygenous or nitrogenous compounds. Determination of the components of pyrolysates may provide useful information for understanding of the pyrolysis mechanism of fenoxycarb and other carbamate pesticides.

6

Spektrometria mas w badaniach skażeń mikrobiologicznych środowiska . Część I. Kwas muraminowy jako biomarker ścian komórkowych bakterii

75%

Mielniczuk Z. , Bal K.

Wiadomości Chemiczne

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2012

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tom [Z] 66, 5-6

445-460

EN

Microorganisms synthesize several monomeric chemical structures that are not found elsewhere in nature, e.g. muramic acid (an amino sugar) and D-amino acids (D-alanine and D-glutamic acid) are ubiquitous in bacterial peptidoglycan (PG). Specific sugars (e.g. heptoses) and 3-hydroxylated fatty acids are found in the endotoxin (lipopolysaccharide, LPS) of gram-negative bacteria [42]. The best way to protect against environmental contamination is microbial control. Methods in current use for monitoring of microorganisms mainly include culturing and direct microscopy. However, several factors including samples collection, growth conditions, incubation temperature and interaction between different organisms all affect culturing results. Additionally, culturing based methods can detect only viable organisms and they are also time consuming, sometimes taking days or weeks. However, since both living and dead microorganisms express irritating and toxic structures, they should all be taken into consideration [17]. Muramic acid (MuAc), an amino sugar, has been suggested for use as a chemical marker in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) determination of bacterial peptidoglycan in both clinical and environmental samples. Several derivatives of MuAc have been applied, including the alditol acetate [1, 2], aldononitrile [3], trifluoroacetyl [4] and trimethylsilyl [5], and methyl ester O-methyl acetate [6] derivatives. Both the alditol acetate and TMS derivatives have proven suitable for the use with GC-ion-trap tandem MS [7]. The aim of our proposition is a trial of application of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) method as an alternative or complement to culturing, microscopy and other assays for detection, characterization and monitoring of microbial contamination of environment (e.g. water, air, air-conditioning systems), contamination of biochemical and food production chain processes, packaging for foodstuffs etc. by direct analysis of bacterial muramic acid as a biochemical marker. A method is described for the quantitation of muramic acid, a marker of bacterial peptidoglycan as trimethylsilyl (TMS ) derivatives using GC/MS method. The described methods are fast and simple, and can be applied for monitoring of microbial contamination directly, without prior culturing, in complex environmental samples. This method can also be applied for testing processes of cleaning and disinfection on packaging materials or on both packaging materials/foodstuffs in order to decrease their microbial load and thus to ensure better shelf-life.

7

Influence of distillation time and distillation apparatus on the chemical composition and quality of Lavandula angustifolia Mill. essential oil

75%

Wesołowska A. , Jadczak D. , Zyburtowicz K.

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2023

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tom Vol. 25, nr 4

36--43

EN

In the study, the influence of distillation time as well as distillation apparatus on the chemical composition and quality of lavender (Lavandula angustifolia Mill.) essential oil were investigated. Two different types of distillation apparatuses: Deryng (popular in Poland) and Clevenger-type (recommended by European Pharmacopoeia) were used for the isolation of the essential oil from dried lavender flowers (Lavandulae flos). Moreover, different distillation times (2, 3 and 4 hours) were also applied. The chemical composition of the isolated oils, determined by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC-MS), revealed the dominance of linalool (11.55–17.19%) and linalyl acetate (12.84–16.78%) in the all analyzed samples. Other important constituents were: caryophyllene oxide (5.66–7.35%), lavandulyl acetate (4.64–5.40%) and borneol (4.62–5.51%). On the basis of the obtained data it was proved that the distillation time and distillation apparatus affect the amounts of some constituents in the lavender oil.

8

Preparation of wastewater samples for GC-MS analysis of PAHs

63%

Włodarczyk-Makuła M.

Archives of Environmental Protection

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2008

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tom Vol. 34, no. 3

259-264

EN

Standard EPA Method 8310 recommends the use of liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection for the determination of PAH compounds. Taking into consideration the advantages of gas chromatography - mass spectrometry (GC - MS) it is important to carry out investigations to optimise wastewater preparation for qualification and quantification of PAHs using this method. The aim of the investigation was to verify the procedure of wastewater preparation for PAHs analysis using GC-MS. The method was evaluated based on experimental recovery values of individual compounds. The experiments were carried out using both raw and biologically treated wastewaters collected from a municipal treatment plant.

9

Przemiany WWA w osadach ściekowych poddanych sztucznemu działaniu promieniowania UV

63%

Włodarczyk-Makuła M. , Janosz-Rajczyk M. , Wiśniowska E. , Koćwin K.

Inżynieria i Ochrona Środowiska

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1999

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tom T. 2, nr 3/4

391-401

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań zmian WWA w osadach ściekowych narażonych na działanie promieniowania UV. Analizowano 16 WWA wg listy EPA. W osadach odwodnionych pobranych z oczyszczalni ścieków stwierdzono obecność 10 WWA w ilości sumarycznej 79,8 žg/kg s.m. W osadach naświetlanych UV stwierdzono wzrost zawartości sumy WWA o 116% i wzrost sumy kancerogennych związków o 1030%. W próbie porównawczej przechowywanej w warunkach laboratoryjnych odnotowano spadek zawartości WWA o 32,5%. Wyniki badań wskazują, że podczas składowania osadów może nastąpić chwilowy wzrost koncentracji zawartych w nich WWA.

EN

This paper reports the PAHs concentration changes in filter-pressed sewage sludge exposed to UV rays. Between radiation exposures sludge was stored in daylight. 16 EPA-PAHs have been analysed. In filter-pressed sludge 10 of 16 analysed PAHs were present, including two carcinogenic congeners (benzo(a)anthracene and chrysene). UV radiation increased concentration of total PAHs by 116% (from 79.80 to 172.87 žg/kgd.m) and increased carcinogenic PAHs concentration by 1030% (from 4.84 to 54.75 žg/kgd.m). The conclusion is as follows: during deposition of filter-pressed sewage sludge on disposal sites of sewage treatment plants temporary concentrations of PAHs may occur due to the fact that UV radiation can cause PAHs desorption from complex organic matrixes and microbial cells after their destruction

10

Zastosowanie chromatografii gazowej i elektroforezy kapilarnej do analizy napojów orzeźwiających

63%

Wideł D. , Oszczudłowski J. , Witkiewicz Z.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

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2012

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tom T. 17, nr 3

79-84

PL

Wykonano analizę wybranych lotnych związków organicznych w czterech napojach orzeźwiających metodą chromatografii gazowej ze spektrometrią mas. Dodatkowo zbadano zawartość wybranych anionów nieorganicznych oraz organicznych we wspomnianych napojach metodą elektroforezy kapilarnej. Lotne związki organiczne wyizolowano z fazy nadpowierzchniowej napojów techniką mikroekstrakcji do fazy stacjonarnej. We wszystkich próbkach wykryto D-limonen, odpowiedzialny za aromat cytrynowy.

EN

Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry method was applied for selected volatile organic compounds analysis of four similar refreshing drinks. The presence of selected inorganic and organic anions in mentioned drinks were additionally determined by capillary electrophoresis method. Solid phase microextraction was applied to isolate volatile organic compounds from drinks head space. D-limonene, responsible of lemon flavour, was determined in all samples.

11

Bilans WWA w miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków [komunikat]

63%

Włodarczyk-Makuła M.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2004

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tom Vol. 30, no. 4

119--127

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyniki oznaczeń jakościowo-ilościowych 16 WWA (rekomendowanych przez EPA) w ściekach i osadach ściekowych z miejskiej oczyszczalni ścieków. Na podstawie pomiarów wielkości przepływów ścieków i osadów obliczono ładunki WWA w ściekach surowych, po mechanicznym i biologicznym oczyszczaniu oraz ładunki tych związków w osadach ściekowych: surowych, przefermentowanych i odwodnionych. Na podstawie otrzymanych wyników można stwierdzić, że mechaniczno-biologiczne procesy oczyszczania ścieków pozwalały na obniżenie ładunku WWA w ściekach o 85%. Mimo to dobowy ładunek tych związków wprowadzany do środowiska był wysoki i stanowił 37% wprowadzanego do oczyszczalni; ze ściekami oczyszczonymi wynosił średnio 46 g/d (w tym związki kancerogenne stanowiły 12%), z osadami odprowadzanymi z oczyszczalni i kierowanymi na składowisko (osady z piaskownika i odwodnione) wynosił średnio 68 g/d (w tym związki kancerogenne stanowiły 17%).

EN

Sewage and sewage sludge from municipal wastewater treatment plant were analyzed for 16 EPA-PAH. The measurements were conducted to investigate the effect of different treatment stages on PAH content in wastewater and sewage sludge. PAH loads in influent, mechanically and biologically treated sewage, as well as in raw, digested and dewatered sludge were calculated. Mechanical and biological treatment was found to remove 85% of PAH from the influent. Despite of this a daily PAH load introduced into environment was high, and reached 37% of the PAH load in the influent. In sewage it was equal to 46 g PAH/d, with carcinogenic PAH content of 12%. In waste sludge (filter pressed sludge and sand from sand trap) PAH total load reached 68 g/d with 17% of carcinogenic PAH.

12

Organic geochemistry of Upper Carboniferous bituminous coals and clastic sediments from the Lublin Coal Basin (Poland)

63%

Karger M. , Gazda L. , Grafka O.

Acta Geologica Polonica

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2013

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tom Vol. 63, no. 3

425--442

EN

Bituminous coals and clastic rocks from the Lublin Formation (Pennsylvanian, Westphalian B) were subjected to detailed biomarker and Rock-Eval analyses. The investigation of aliphatic and aromatic fractions and Rock-Eval Tmax suggests that the Carboniferous deposits attained relatively low levels of thermal maturity, at the end of the microbial processes/initial phase of the oil window. Somewhat higher values of maturity in the clastic sediments were caused by postdiagenetic biodegradation of organic matter. The dominance of the odd carbon-numbered n-alkanes in the range n-C25 to n-C31 , high concentrations of moretanes and a predominance of C28 and C29 steranes are indicative of a terrigenous origin of the organic matter in the study material. This is supported by the presence of eudesmane, bisabolane, dihydro-ar-curcumene and cadalene, found mainly in the coal samples. In addition, tri- and tetracyclic diterpanes, e. g. 16β(H)-kaurane, 16β(H)-phyllocladane, 16α(H)-kaurane and norisopimarane, were identified, suggesting an admixture of conifer ancestors among the deposited higher plants. Parameters Pr/n-C17and Rdit in the coal samples show deposition of organic matter from peat swamp environments, with the water levels varying from high (water-logged swamp) to very low (ephemeral swamp). Clastic deposits were accumulated in a flood plain environment with local small ponds/lakes. In pond/lake sediments, apart from the dominant terrigenous organic matter, research also revealed a certain quantity of algal matter, indicated, i.a., by the presence of tricyclic triterpanes C28 and C29 and elevated concentrations of steranes. The Paq parameter can prove to be a useful tool in the identification of organic matter, but the processes of organic matter biodegradation observed in clastic rocks most likely influence the value of the parameter, at the same time lowering the interpretation potential of these compounds. The value of Pr/Ph varies from 0.93 to 5.24 and from 3.49 to 22.57 in the clastic sediments and coals respectively. The microbial degradation of organic matter in both type of rocks and during early stages of diagenesis is confirmed by a high concentration of hopanes, the presence of drimane homologues, bicyclic alkanes and benzohopanes. Moreover, bacteria could also have been connected with the primary input of organic matter, which is shown by the presence of e.g. C30 neohop-13(18)-ene.

13

Optimization of fiber types in the SPME technique to evaluate volatile organic compounds emitted by meranti (Schorea sp.) wood

63%

Cofta G. , Waliszewska B.

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tom 82

14

Determination of dissolved concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in river

63%

Bui M. N.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

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tom 48

EN

This study shows the sensitivity of using silicone rubber passive sampler (SR-PS) and gas chromatography with mass spectrometer (GC-MS) detection for monitoring and identification of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in surface water systems. The analysis was performed for eighteen PAHs compounds after pre-concentration using Soxhlet extraction method. By comparison, a total of 13 PAHs were detected in the spot water samples, of which none was quantifiable. The freely dissolved PAH concentrations were found to range from 0.17 ng/L to 0.76 ng/L at Ugieriver. The use of fluorine d10 as Performance reference compound(PRC) gives a sampling rates of 8.14 (L/day) for silicone rubber passive samplers. Analysis of PAHs concentrations suggest the contaminants are mainly from pyrolytic sources. Overall it can be concluded that SR-PS are viable alternatives in the environmental monitoring of PAHs.

15

In vitro propagation of Rhododendron tomentosum - an endangered essential oil bearing plant from peatland

63%

Jesionek A. , Kokotkiewicz A. , Wlodarska P. , Filipowicz N. , Bogdan A. , Ochocka R. , Szreniawa-Sztajnert A. , Zabiegala B. , Bucinski A. , Luczkiewicz M.

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tom 58

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nr 2

EN

Rhododendron tomentosum Harmaja (formerly Ledum palustre L.) is a medicinal peat bog plant native to northern Europe, Asia and North America. This plant has a distinctive aroma thanks to the presence of essential oil, to which it also owes its anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antimicrobial and insecticidal properties. However, in Europe R. tomentosum is classified as an endangered species, mainly due to degradation of peatlands. In the present work, the micropropagation protocol for R. tomentosum was established for the first time, providing both an ex situ conservation tool and a means of continuous production of in vivo and in vitro plant material for further studies. R. tomentosum microshoots were initiated from leaf explants and further multiplied using Schenk- Hildebrandt (SH) medium supplemented with 9.84 μM 2iP and 1.00 μM TDZ. The shoots were elongated on the SH medium supplemented with 24.6 μM 2iP and subsequently rooted using the perlite substrate saturated with half-strength Woody Plant medium supplemented with 1.0% sucrose and 4.92 μM IBA. The regenerated plants were hardened on the phytohormone-free SH medium and acclimatized using 3:1:1 deacidified peat:perlite:gravel substrate. The identity of the mother plant was confirmed at morphological and molecular levels and Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method was implemented to assess the genetic fidelity of the regenerants. The essential oil content of the maternal plant, in vitro shoots and the regenerants was determined by steamdistillation, and the obtained volatile fractions were analyzed by GC/MS.

16

Soxhlet and accelerated solvent extractions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from date palm samples

63%

Helaleh M. I. H. , Al-Omair A. , Nisar A. , Gevao B. , Ballam Z.

Chemia Analityczna

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2006

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tom Vol. 51, No. 2

229-239

EN

The content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the date palm samples purchased at the Kuwait market has been analysed. Soxhlet extraction and accelerated solvent extraction followed by gas chromatography with ion trap mass spectrornetry have been applied for the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in date palm. Samples extracts were passed through a silica SPE cartridge packed with florisil and sodium sulfate for the clean-up. Limits of quantitation were lower than 2 μg L-1 for most of PAHs and an acceptable precision was achieved. The optimised procedure was successfully applied to the extraction and determination of PAHs in different date palm samples. Reliability of the method was evaluated by spiking palm date samples with different amounts of PAHs and calculating percentage recoveries. They ranged between 75.8% and 86.7% for Soxhlet extraction and between 79.4% and 85.9% for accelerated solvent extraction, depending on the molecular mass of PAHs.

PL

Analizowano zawartość wielopierścieniowych węglowodorów aromatycznych (WWA) w daktylach sprzedawanych w Kuwejcie. W WAekstrahowano z daktyli za pomocą aparatu Soxhleta lub przyspieszonej ekstrakcji rozpuszczalnikiem, a następnie analizowano przy użyciu chromatografii gazowej ze spektrometrią mas. Ekstrakty oczyszczano za pomocą kwarcowych kolumienek do ekstrakcji, wypełnionych florisilem i siarczanem sodu, w układzie ciecz-ciało stałe. Oznaczalność większości WWA, przy zadowalającej precyzji, była niższa niż 2 μg L-1. Zoptymalizowaną procedurę z powodzeniem zastosowano do ekstrakcji ioznaczania WWA w próbkach różnych daktyli. Wiarygodność metody oceniono przez dodanie do próbek daktyli różnych ilości WWA i oznaczenie odzysku. Odzysk zawiera! się, w zależności od masy cząsteczkowej WWA, w granicach od 75,8% do 86,7% w przypadku ekstrakcji w aparacie Soxhleta i w granicach od 19,4% do 85,9% w pr/ypadku przyspieszonej ekstrakcji rozpuszczalnikiem.

17

Chemical composition, antioxidant activities of the essential oil of Mentha pulegium L, South East of Algeria

63%

Ouakouak H. , Chohra M. , Denane M.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

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2015

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tom 39

EN

Aerial parts of Mentha pulegium L. collected from south east of Algeria (Reguiba, El-Oued) possessed an essential oil in 2.34% (v/w) yield. GC and GC-MS analysis of the oil revealed recognition of Thirty-seven compounds, representing 95.02% (area percent) of the total oil composition. Oil was rich in Oxygenated hydrocarbons, exhibited higher percentage of Pulegone (46.31%) followed by Piperitenone (23.3%), Menthone (6.2%) and Limonene (4.7%). The antioxidant activity by DPPH free radical scavenging bioassay (IC50 = 157 μl/ml).

18

Zastosowanie chromatografii jonowej i chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrią mas do oznaczania wybranych anionów i ftalanów w wodach smakowych

63%

Piątek M. , Powałek I. , Oszczudłowski J.

Aparatura Badawcza i Dydaktyczna

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2016

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tom T. 21, nr 2

65--70

PL

Obecnie powszechne jest spożywanie różnego rodzaju wód smakowych, a informacje o ich składzie chemicznym nie należą do najbardziej szczegółowych. W związku z tym warto przeprowadzić pełną analizę tych wód w celu określenia ich składu. Założeniem badań przedstawionych w niniejszej pracy było oznaczenie istotnych anionów nieorganicznych i niektórych ftalanów w próbkach rzeczywistych wybranych wód smakowych. Zgodnie z tą koncepcją określono skład ilościowy następujących anionów: fluorkowych, chlorkowych, azotanowych (V), siarczanowych (VI) i fosforanowych (V), z zastosowaniem chromatografii jonowej (IC). Przeprowadzono również jakościowe i ilościowe oznaczenie ftalanów, wykorzystując chromatografię gazową ze spektrometrem mas (GC/MS). Stwierdzono stosunkowo wysokie stężenia jonów siarczanowych (VI) i chlorkowych. W wodach smakowych o pH poniżej 3 wykryto śladowe ilości niektórych ftalanów, które mogły migrować z powierzchni plastikowych butelek.

EN

Much as it is common today to consume different kinds of flavored waters, information about their chemical composition is not the most detailed. Therefore it is worth conducting a full analysis of these waters in order to determine their composition. The assumption of the research presented in this paper was to determine the major inorganic anions and certain phthalates in some real samples of flavored waters. According to this concept, there was estimated the concentration of fluoride, chloride, nitrate (V), sulphate (VI) and phosphate (V) ions, using ion chromatography (IC). The determination of phthalates was conducted by means of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC/MS). There were found relatively high concentrations of sulfate (VI) and chloride ions. There were also detected trace amounts of certain phthalates, which may have migrated from the surface of plasti botts in fl voured waters having a pH value below 3.

19

Is it possible to detect lung cancer by trained dogs?

63%

Rudnicka J. , Walczak M. , Jezierski T. , Buszewski B.

Health Problems of Civilization

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2015

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tom 09

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nr 2

EN

During the illness are released volatile organic compounds with specific smell which could have in diagnosis of diseases. The first aim of the study was qualitative and quantitative analysis of exhaled breath samples obtained from patients with lung cancer, healthy volunteers and people with other lung diseases by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. This study showed that twenty compounds propane, ethanol, isobutane, butane, propanal, 1-propanol, 2-propanol, 2-methylfuran, 2-butanone, benzene, 2-pentanone, pentanal, hexanal, cyclohexanone, 4-heptanone, 2,4-dimethylheptane, 2,3,4-trimethylhexane, 2,3,5-trimethylhexane, 4-methyloctane, α-pinene separated two research groups of patients and healthy controls. The second goal was to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of canine scent detection using 5 station scent lineup. Among lung cancer patients and complementary samples, overall sensitivity of canine scent detection was 85.54%, while specificity was 71.84%.

20

Determination of volatile components of pine needles from Pinus densiflora S. using solid phase trapping extraction-gas chromatography -mass spectrometry

63%

Lee J. G. , Lee C. G. , Kwag J. J. , Rhee M. S. , Buglass A. J. , Lee G. H.

Chemia Analityczna

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2007

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tom Vol. 52, No. 3

411-422

EN

Volatile components of the needles from Pinus densiflora were studied by gas chromato-graphy-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) applying a new solid phase trapping extraction (SPTE) method and a Magic Chemisorber™ (MC). In SPTE, a titanium tube of the surface covered with poly dimethyls i loxane (PDMS) was used. The efficiency of SPTE method was studied by varying extraction temperature (20, 35, 50 and 65°C) at a fixed extraction time of 20 min. The optimum temperature was 35°C. Extraction efficiency of SPTE method was compared to that of SPME method under the same optimum conditions (extraction time 20 min, extraction temperature 35°C). For SPTE, extraction efficiency of hydrocarbons increased with the increasing temperature. However, alcohols and carbonyls, such as 2-hexenal, 1-hexanol, and 65-3-hexenol were extracted less efficiently at higher temperatures. Fatty acids, such as capric, lauric, myristic, pentadecanoic, and paimitic were identified by SPTE. but not by SPME under the same (SPTE optimum) experimental conditions.

PL

Związki lotne w igłach sosny Pinus densiflora S. oznaczano za pomocą chromatografii gazowej sprzężonej ze spektrometrią mas. Do oznaczeń zastosowano nową metodę ekstrakcji - półłapkowanie na fazie stałej (SPTE) i Magie ChemisorberTM (MC). W metodzie SPTE użyto rurki tytanowej, której powierzchnię pokryto polidimetylosiloksanem (PDMS). Badano wydajność metody SPTE w funkcji temperatury (20, 35, 50 i 65°C) przy stałym czasie ekstrakcji (20 min). Jako optymalną temperaturę przyjęto 35°C. Wydajność metody SPTE porównano z wydajnością metody SPME (mikroekstrakcja) stosując te same optymalne warunki. W metodzie SPTE wydajność ekstrakcji węglowodorów rosła wraz z temperaturą. Jednakże alkohole i związki karbonylowe, takie jak: 2-heksanol, 1-heksanol i as-3-heksanol ekstrahowały się w wyższych temperaturach z mniejszą wydajnością. Kwasy tłuszczowe takie jak: kaprowy, laurowy, mirystynowy, pentadekanowy i palmitynowy można było zidentyfikować metodą SPTE, natomiast metoda SPME nie dawała możliwości ich identyfikacji w warunkach optymalnych dla metody SPTE.