Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

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Truffaldino - sługa dwóch żołądków

100%

Kwaśniewska-Urban P.

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tom 17

40-52

PL

Truffaldino – servant of two stomachs Abstract The article treats about the relationship between one of Carlo Goldoni’s first plays – Servantof Two Masters – and the tradition of commedia dell’arte. The key to the search for commonpoints was the character of a servant Truffaldino whose constant hunger links him to hispredecessor zanni. Thanks to a never-before carried-out analysis of Brighella’s zibaldoni andzanni and Goldoni’s comedy in the context of vocabulary, metaphors and lazzi referring tofood and hunger, it can be observed how much the contemporary plays of the Venetian writerare related to the old theatrical tradition. Keywords: Carlo Goldoni, comedy, hunger, commedia dell’arte, settecento

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[Recenzja] Kac. sytość i głód, red. Wojciech Ślusarczyk, Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska, Roksana Wilczyńska, Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Marii Curie-Skłodowskiej, Lublin 2019, ss. 252, ilustr. ISBN:978-83-227-9294-0

86%

Skalski P.

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nr 1

143-145

PL

Recenzja

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Kapitały niedostatku. Historie ludowe i etyka współczesności

72%

Litwinowicz-Droździel M.

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2022

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tom 117

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nr 1

29-37

EN

This article seeks to answer the following question: Can the history of Polish society provide the basis for developing the contemporary ethics of self-restraints? The author refers to folk history research from recent years, discussing hunger, cold and the constant fear for biological survival as the fate of the majority of people living in the Polish lands until the mid-twentieth century. She wonders how crude necessity could contribute to the formation of an attitude of conscious choice in modern people who are aware of the burden of their complicated legacy. While the article does not provide clear-cut answers, it points out the paradoxical bond in the fate of people from different epochs and the fear of catastrophe as a repetitive experience. At the same time, she shows that nowadays at least we have a choice as to what ethical approach to adopt with respect to the latter.

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Od Sillamäe do Goli Otok. Obozy pracy przymusowej i NKWD w krajach nadbałtyckich, Europie Środkowo–Wschodniej i na Bałkanach po drugiej wojnie światowej. Skala zjawiska i codzienność

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Wolsza T.

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nr 2

PL

From Sillamäe to Goli Otok. NKVD and Labour Camps in the Baltic countries, Central–Eastern Europe, and the Balkans after World War II. Scale of the Phenomenon and Daily LifeThe article considers the post–war history of several hundred labour and NKVD camps located in the Baltic states, Central–Eastern Europe, and the Balkans. After wartime hostilities came to an end these regions became subjected to the strict control of the Soviet NKVD and the communist regime in particular countries. The Stalinist administration of such penal institutions remained clearly discernible to 1953. The death of Joseph Stalin did not put an end to the history of the labour camps in the titular region: they continued to exist, although in an increasingly more lenient form and with lesser Soviet presence. The geographic area of the reflections encompasses two symbolic penal institutions: Sillamäe in Estonia, on the Baltic, and the infamous Naked Island (Goli Otok) off the Adriatic coast. The line running from Estonia to Yugoslavia resembled, in its simplest form, the course of the Iron Curtain separating Western Europe from the Soviet sphere of influence, which included the Baltic states, ultimately incorporated into the Soviet Union, as well as Poland, the German Democratic Republic, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria, and Yugoslavia. The author included information about the localisation of the camps, their sizes and living conditions, as well as the universally applied repression against the inmates.

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Nutrition problems of the modern world

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Trojanowski T.

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tom z. 105

531--538

EN

The subject of this work is focused on the problems of famine and malnutrition in the world. The introduction of the article highlights the existing level of diversity of life on a global scale and common problems of famine mainly in African countries. The following part of the study identifies the causes of famine in the world. The oversupply of products and food waste is highlighted. The second chapter presents the problem of consumerism that occurs among populations of developed and developing countries. It also points to the marketing practices of businesses – advertising in order to induce purchasing impulse among consumers. Sustainable marketing communications is presented as a way to counteract the problems related to food. The final part of the paper is a summary.

PL

Tematyka opracowania skupia się wokół problemów głodu i niedożywienia na świecie. We wstępie artykułu zwrócono uwagę na istniejące zróżnicowanie poziomu życia w skali globalnej i występujące problemy głodu głównie w państwach afrykańskich. W dalszej części wskazano przyczyny głodu na świecie. Zwrócono uwagę na nadmierną podaż produktów oraz marnotrawienie żywności. W rozdziale drugim przedstawiono problem konsumpcjonizmu, jaki występuje wśród społeczeństw rozwiniętych i rozwijających się. Wskazano także na praktyki marketingowe przedsiębiorstw – reklamę w celu wywołania impulsu zakupowego wśród konsumentów. Przedstawiono zrównoważoną komunikację marketingową jako sposób przeciwdziałania problemom żywnościowym. W końcowej części zamieszczono podsumowanie.

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Europejskie bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe – najlepsze praktyki

58%

Soler U.

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tom z. 95

467--480

PL

Bezpieczeństwo żywnościowe coraz częściej stanowi przedmiot zainteresowania rządów, światowych organizacji, ale także firm, organizacji non profit i zwykłych obywateli. Kraje wysoko rozwinięte do tej pory uważały, że problem ten ich nie dotyczy, jednak ostatnie kryzysy – ekonomiczny i finansowy – zaczęły zmieniać to postrzeganie. Deficyt żywności dotyczy obecnie właściwie wszystkich krajów. Mamy jednak do czynienia ze swoistą dychotomią – z jednej strony miliony ludzi cierpią na niedostateczny dostęp do zdrowej żywności, z drugiej tony jedzenia przydatnego do spożycia są wyrzucane każdego dnia. W artykule tym zostaną ukazane przykłady najlepszych praktyk europejskich w odzyskiwaniu nadwyżek żywności. Są one rezultatem projektu Foodsaving, którego jednym z wykonawców była autorka tego tekstu.

EN

Food security is increasingly becoming a focus of governments, world organizations, but also companies, non profit organizations and ordinary citizens. Highly developed countries so far considered themselves as those that this problem does not affect, but recent crises – economical and financial – have begun to change this perception. Food deficit affects now almost all countries. However, we are dealing with a kind of dichotomy – on the one hand, millions of people suffer from inadequate access to healthy food, on the other hand, tons of eatable food each day is thrown away. This article will show some examples of best European practices in the recovery of surplus food. They are the result of the project Foodsaving – one of the performers was the author of this text.

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Nędza u bogatych sąsiadów. Pauperyzm w Prusach w XIX wieku do 1871 roku

58%

Łukasiewicz D.

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2014

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nr 2

59-98

EN

The term Sozial Frage, as well as “pauperization”, became popular in public discussion in the 1830s during the transformation of the feudal, guild and agrarian society into the democratic and capitalist one. As a result the institution of the family disappeared, at least as a productive and social unit, which guaranteed protection and safety; on the other hand, the number of population increased significantly, accompanied by big migrations from villages to towns, and a huge emigration, especially to the USA. The enormous deregulation of the production relations brought about a loss of sense of safety; it affected mainly the lower classes and workers. New phenomena appeared: unemployment, industrial accidents, many people fell into poverty as a result of diseases. On the other hand, the workers’ wages were very low in comparison to the elementary needs. The capitalism of that time meant mainly a rapid economic growth, but the threats and opportunities were very unequally divided – very few were given the opportunities and chances, whereas very many the threats and risks. The workers’ wages were growing faster than the prices, but the areas of poverty and pauperization, not covered by any protection or social care, were enormous. The housing conditions were awful, the food was very poor, which was a consequence of migration to towns from villages where both things were usually better; in towns food expenses ate up almost all the wages. Another question resulting from poverty was child labour, quite common in the 19th century. In craftsman and peasant families women had no time to look after their children. Peasants and craftsmen still used to think that their children should be accustomed to the jobs inherited from their parents as soon as possible. Child labour in the country and in factories was widespread, which delayed the dissemination of common education. In spite of that, in the first half of the 19th century Darwinian ideology was still alien to the Prussians. The early liberalism was based on the pre-industrialism and patriarchal ideas, and it was craft in the centre of such thinking, not industry. It was considered that all the people after receiving education and acquiring property became citizens. There was class consciousness, but the class structure of society was thought to be temporary. Before 1848 the Prussians knew about the English pauperism and tried to avoid it in their country turning to state’s interventionism, which at that time was not a taboo subject. It was analyzed how taxes might relieve the poorest. However, those ideas were rejected, at the earliest in the Rhineland. The liberal trends became stronger and stronger. It was them Karl Marx meant when he said that capitalism destroys all the values, including religion, and the only one that is left is profit.