Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Effects of biological and fungicidal environmental protection on chemical composition of tomato and red pepper fruits

100%

Cwalina-Ambroziak B. , Amarowicz R.

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nr 4

EN

The experimental materials comprised the fruits of tomato cv. Robin F1 and red pepper cv. Mira harvested from plants sprayed three times with the growth regulator Asahi SL, the biostimulator Biochikol 020 PC, the biocontrol agent Polyversum, and the fungicide Bravo 500 SC. Control plants were sprayed with sterile water. Total fruit yield, average fruit weight, and the concentrations of total extract, pectin, reducing sugars, carotenoids, and phenolic compounds were determined. Biological and fungicidal control contributed to an increase in the yield and average weight of tomato and pepper fruit. The protective treatments had no effect on the content of extract and reducing sugars in tomato and red pepper fruit. The applied biological and fungicidal control agents were negatively correlated with the concentrations of carotenoids and phenolic compounds in tomato fruit, and positively with the pectin content of tomato and red pepper fruit.

2

Gas exchange parameters in leaves and ears of winter wheat Triticum aestivum L. and its productivity under fungicide control conditions

84%

Jarmolkowicz J. K. , Olszewski J.

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tom 63

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nr 2

EN

A research experiment was conducted in which rates of photosynthesis and transpiration were measured in leaves and ears of two winter wheat varieties grown under fungicide control conditions and without fungicide control. A LI-COR 6400 portable gas exchange system was used in the investigations. In most cases the fungicide Juwel was shown to have no effect on the gas exchange processes, whereas the other of the fungicidal agents applied – Swing – significantly decreased the gas exchange rates measured. Measurements of gas exchange parameters in ears showed that the intensity of gas exchange was low, in particular at the later stage of ear development. But the applied fungicide caused higher release of CO2 into the atmosphere than its uptake. Furthermore, the applied fungicides were found to significantly increase grain yield compared to the control treatment, both in the first and second year of the study. Among the tested varieties, ‘Nutka’ was characterized by higher productivity, in spite of lower 1000 kernel weight. However, this cultivar developed longer ears with a larger amount of grains.

3

Cost-benefit of fungicidal control of cercospora leaf spot of groundnut in the Sudan savanna of Nigeria

84%

Bdliya B. S. , Gwio-Kura K. K.

Journal of Plant Protection Research

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2007

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tom 47

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nr 3

329-338

EN

Field trails were conducted to evaluate the economics of controlling cercospora leaf spot of groundnut using different fungicides. The experiments were laid out in a strip plot design with three replications at the Teaching and Research farm of the Department of Crop Protection, University of Maiduguri, Sudan savanna of Nigeria during the 2002 and 2003 cropping seasons. Four fungicides namely: Benlate 50 WP, Trimangol 80 WP, Bentex T, and Ridomil 72 WP were applied as foliar sprays at three spray regimes while the control was left untreated. The application of the fungicides led to 20-50% reduction in the disease incidence and 15-22% reduction in disease severity and gave higher yield of seed and haulm than the control. The cost-benefit analysis revealed positive returns per hectare from the use of the fungicides for the control of disease in the study area. Application of Bentex T, for instance, gave 78.13% seed yield increase over the control which translated into a mean (two years) net profit of N52,267.50, N90,905.00 and N138,755.00 Nigerian Naira for one, two and three sprays, respectively, equivalent to $522.675, $909.05 and $1,387.55 per hectare. Even the least effective of the fungicides (Trimangol 80 WP) gave seed yield increase of 62.74% over the control which translated into a mean (two years) net profit of N41,287.50, N68,082.50 and N93,995.00 equivalent to $412.88, $680.83 and $939.95 per hectare for one, two and three sprays, respectively. Three sprays gave 115. 76% increase of yield over one spray and 39.35% yield increase over two sprays. These returns are attractive particularly to the farmers in the study area who grow the high yielding Ex-Dakar groundnut variety which is susceptible to cercospora leaf spot.

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki analizy ekonomicznej opłacalności zwalczania cerkosporozy liści orzecha ziemnego wywołanej przez Cercospora arachidicola i Phaeoisariopsis personata. Doświadczenia polowe były założone metodą pasów w 3 powtórzeniach, w Dydaktycznej Farmie Doświadczalnej Departamentu Ochrony Roślin Uniwersytetu w Maiduguri sudańskiej sawanny Nigerii, w sezonach wegetacyjnych 2002 i 2003. Do jednorazowego, dwukrotnego lub trzykrotnego opryskiwania roślin użyto następujące fungicydy: Benlate 50 WP, Trimangol 80 WP, Bentex T i Ridomil 72 WP. Analiza ekonomiczna wykazała wysoką opłacalność zabiegów w porównaniu do nie opryskiwanej kontroli. Zastosowanie fungicydów spowodowało ograniczenie występowania choroby o 20-50%, ograniczenie jej nasilenia o 15-22% oraz przyczyniło się do wzrostu plonu i naci z hektara. W przypadku zastosowania preparatu Bentex T, średni wzrost plonu nasion w 2 latach badań wzrósł w porównaniu do nie traktowanej kontroli o 78,13%, a średni zysk netto z hektara w nigeryjskich nairach (N) wyniósł N52 267,50 ($522 675,00), N90905,00 ($909,05) i N138755,00 ($1 387,55), odpowiednio dla 1, 2 i 3 zabiegów opryskiwania. Nawet najmniej efektywny fungicyd Trimangol 80 WP przyczynił się do wzrostu plonu o 62,74% w porównaniu do kombinacji kontrolnej. Zysk netto z hektara dla 2 lat badań wyniósł N41 287,50 ($412,88), N68 082,50 ($680,83) i N93 955,00 ($939,95), odpowiednio dla 1, 2 i 3 zabiegów. Wyniki te są ważne dla farmerów z rejonu prowadzenia badań, którzy uprawiaja wysoko plonującą lecz wrażliwą na cerkosporozę liści odmianę orzecha ziemnego Ex-Dakar.