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1

A note on a potential textual feature of putative should

100%

Dušková L.

Linguistica Pragensia

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2009

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tom 19

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nr 2

82-88

EN

The paper deals with the use of putative should which alternates with the indicative in nominal that-clauses functioning as the subject. These clauses mostly occur in extraposition irrespective of their new or given content. The paper raises the question whether this use of should can be considered a device of indicating the function of the that-clause in the information structure of the whole sentence.

2

Tough-constructions and the issue of thematicity: a study of the word easy in 17th and 18th century English

100%

Popelíková J.

Linguistica Pragensia

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2015

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tom 25

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nr 1

37-48

EN

This article presents an analysis of tough-constructions (TCs) which attempts to describe the formal syntactic properties of these constructions in light of their functional sentence perspective (FSP). It has been suggested by Quirk et al. (1985), Mair (1989) and Biber et al. (1999) that the usage of TCs appears to be motivated, inter alia, by the information structure of the sentence’s content, i.e. the ordering of individual clause elements in such a way that the linear arrangement complies with, or at least closely imitates, the natural progression of an utterance from what is circumstantially given to what is immediately new. TCs, therefore, are expected to be favoured in situations when the noun phrase in the position of their subject is functionally thematic, containing a piece of information that has already been mentioned in the previous discourse. The present study is based on the data obtained from the Old Bailey Proceedings and Ordinary’s Accounts published between the years 1675 and 1775.

3

Vztahy mezi sémantikou a aktuálním členěním z pohledu anglistických členů Pražského lingvistického kroužku

86%

Dušková L.

Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)

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2008

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tom 69

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nr 1-2

67-77

EN

Based on the generally recognized close relationship between functional sentence perspective (FSP) and semantics, this paper concentrates on the treatment of the semantic component of this relationship in the works of Vilém Mathesius, Bohumil Trnka and members of the Brno school. While Mathesius laid the foundations of the theory, Trnka touched upon it only in a general outline. A detailed elaboration of the semantic aspect has been presented within his theoretical framework by Jan Firbas, who treats the relationship of FSP to semantics in terms of a dual semantics, static and dynamic. In the works of his colleagues and followers, this approach has been extended to more complex structures, and accordingly somewhat modified. This paper draws attention to the question of whether the specific FSP semantics entirely cancels differing sentence semantics or whether the latter still plays a role and the two can be brought into agreement.

4

Komunikační funkce záporných otázek zjišťovacích

72%

Kopecký J.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2010

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tom 93

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nr 1

1-15

EN

The article deals with communicative functions of negative yes/no questions, which are compared with their positive counterparts. On the basis of differences in functional sentence perspective, two fundamental types of yes/no questions are distinguished. In the first type, the negative does not express denial, but rather, it modifies the communicative function of the question: it helps to signalize the occurrence of expectation or preference of certain answer by the speaker. In the second type, the negative denies the proposition, the negative/positive form expresses what is expected or doubted to be true.

5

Kontrastivní lingvistika a paralelní korpusy

72%

Dušková L.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

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2017

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tom 99

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nr 2

193-213

EN

The article presents a brief survey of English-Czech contrastive studies based on original texts and their translations from the beginnings in the mid-fifties of the last century to the present. Until the first decade of the present century, excerption was done manually, which limited the research to a small number of samples. The early studies of English largely concentrated on sentence condensation and nominal tendencies in the expression of the predicate, as compared with the verbal character of Czech. In connection with the development of the theory of functional sentence perspective other topics were found in this sphere, especially as regards word order. While the former studies can be currently pursued on the basis of InterCorp at a qualitatively higher level, research into FSP topics remains restricted to issues involving variables with formalizable realization forms. The main part of the paper focuses on some of the fallacies involved in using translation counterparts as the basis of contrastive research. One of them is the possible influence of the original; others appear in such areas as the choice of translation counterparts with respect to the issue under investigation, the assessment of their adequacy, including the possibility of misrepresentation by the translator, the validity of the translation counterpart (which is in most cases limited, as alternatives are possible) and others. In studies of functional sentence perspective a point to be considered is equivocal interpretation of the FSP structure in the original. These points are illustrated by translation counterparts in two translations of the same novel.

6

Takzvané "vztažné věty nepřívlastkové": současné náory na jejich status

44%

Daneš F.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2009

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tom 92

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nr 4

169-183

EN

The units of this category of non-restrictive (non-defining) clauses do not express a quality of the denotatum of the head noun, but they provide a continuation of the semantic content of the head clause (continuative clauses), present an explanation of it or further information about it, or simply comment on it (explicative clauses). Puristically oriented linguists reject these units as “incorrect”, “false”, whereas other scholars accept them without reservations, some with certain stylistic limitations. The present author points to the stylistic relevance, necessity and utility of this special category of relative clauses and to the fact that they are currently used in various written genres. Such clauses are freely used in a number of European languages and the author does not find any reasonable argument why they should not be considered and accepted as a fully standard, correct means of expression in Czech as well.