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Optimization of the rich mixture injection system in two-stroke engines

100%

Mitianiec W.

tom Vol. 13, No. 3

213-224

Two-stroke engines used in small applications, in order to fulfill the emission requirements, should be equipped with a direct injection system or pneumatic rich mixture injection system. The FAST system in the Piaggio engines is based on the two-throat carburetor. Till now the Piaggio company has not published the physical processes taking place in such engines. The author has carried out the deep study of the process of rich mixture injection by an additional compressor and the results of calculations are presented in the paper. The simulation was done by using of the own computer program based on the mathematical model taking into account the unsteady gas flow of semi-perfect gas, the changed parameters of engine geometry and controlled parameters. The paper includes description of the fuelling system, mathematical model, calculation algorithm, results of calculations for different controlled parameters and comparison with other systems. The FAST computer program enables to define the characteristics of the cylinder charge, engine power, fuel consumption and exhaust gas composition. The simple mechanical fuelling system without electronic participation enables to apply it for the engines driven the small vehicles. However the drive of the compressor by tooth belt from the engine crankshaft decreases the total engine power about 20%.

Study of stratification of CNG mixture in a high charged SI engine

100%

Mitianiec W.

tom Vol. 13, No. 2

323-333

The burning of CNG mixture can occur in very small range of the compression pressure and lean mixture composition. The increased compression pressure requires a big pressure of CNG injection Even for lean mixtures the maximum combustion pressure reaches value near 200 bars. For very lean mixtures and higher compression ratios the misfire occurs, on the other hand for rich mixtures and high compression ratios the detonation is observed. For part load the fuel is injected during the compression stroke, which should form a bigger concentration of fuel near spark plug. The timing of injection should correlate with the piston position BTDC and engine speed in order to enable the adequate stoichiometric mixture near the spark plug during the ignition. The stratification of the charge depends on the location of the injector and the angles of injection nozzles and on the shape of the piston crown. The motion of the injected gaseous fuel required the adequate profile of piston head to turn the fuel stream directly to the spark plug. The flat piston causes that small part of fuel reaches the cylinder cavities and the increase of HC is observed. The paper performs results of calculations of the work engine parameters for 3 types of the piston shapes. The calculations were carried out in the 3-dimensional space with full engine geometry for the same engine speed and injection time. The simulations of CNG injection and combustion process were carried out for motorcycle engine SUZUKI DR-Z400S

Wymagania dotyczące obiektów zaplecza motoryzacyjnego w Polsce w zakresie zaopatrywania pojazdów w paliwa

75%

Zielińska E.

tom R. 22, nr 12

2211--2214, CD

Treść artykułu dotyczy klasyfikacji i charakterystyki stacji paliw oraz zakresu usług oferowanych w stacjach osiedlowych, podstawowych i autostradowych. Określono kryteria dotyczące projektowania i użytkowania stacji paliw. Przedstawiono również obowiązujące wymagania w zakresie wyposażenia stacji paliw, ochrony środowiska oraz ochrony przeciwpożarowej.

The content of the article are the classification and characterization of fuel stations. In this paper, the differences in the scope of services offered in the residential stations, core and highway are described. Listed requirements for the design and operation of service stations. Force requirements petrol station equipment, as well as guidelines for environmental protection and fire protection are presented.