Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The effect of methods accelerating fruit ripening on the yield of small-sized tomato

100%

Orlowski M. , Dobromilska R. , Kujath K.

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nr 2

2

The effect of fluridone on accumulation of carotenoids, flavonoids and phenolic acids in ripening tomato fruit

84%

Wiczkowski W. , Goraj-Koniarska J. , Saniewski M. , Horbowicz M.

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nr 6

EN

We examined the response of maturing tomato fruit exposed for 7 days to fluridone (1-methyl-3-phenyl-5-[3-trifluoromethyl(phenyl)]-4(1H)-pyridinone). Fluridone was applied in lanolin paste in the form of a 2–3 mm wide strip from the top to the base of the fruit. As a control, a similar stripe of lanolin was applied in the same way on the opposite side of the same fruit. The content of major carotenoids, as well as flavonoids, and free and bound phenolic acids were determined using a HPLC and HPLC-MS-MS methods. Fluridone almost completely blocked the biosynthesis of lycopene and substantial declined content of ß-carotene and lutein in the tomato fruit. The fluridone caused a decreased content of quercetin, rutin and naringenin, and increased level of epicatechin. The herbicide did not affect the content of p-coumaric acid, but reduced the level of caffeic acid, both free and ester form, and declined the content of free ferulic and chlorogenic acids. Changes in phenolics composition observed for the first time indicate that fluridone interferes with the biosynthesis of further products of the metabolism of p-coumaric acid, both flavonoids and phenolic acids.

3

Changes in physico-chemical properties, polyphenol compounds and antiradical activity during development and ripening of Maoluang (Antidesma bunius L. Spreng) fruits

84%

Butkhup L. , Samappito S.

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nr 1

EN

Influence of fruit development and ripening on the changes in physico-chemical properties, antiradical activity and the accumulation of polyphenolic compounds were investigated in Maoluang fruits. Total phenolics content (TP) was assayed according to the Folin-Ciocalteu method, and accounted for 19.60-8.66 mg GAE/gf.w. The TP gradually decreased from the immature to the over ripe stages. However, the total anthocyanin content (TA) showed the highest content at the over ripe stage, with an average value of 141.94 mg/100 g f.w. The antiradical activity (AA) of methanolic extracts from Maoluang fruits during development and ripening were determined with DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging. The highest AA was observed at the immature stage accompanied by the highest content of gallic acid and TP. Polyphenols were quantified by HPLC. The level of procyanidin B2, procyanidin B1, (+)-catechin, (-)-epicatechin, rutin and tran-resveratrol as the main polyphenol compounds, increased during fruit development and ripening. Other phenolic acids such as gallic, caffeic, and ellagic acids significantly decreased (p < 0.05) during fruit development and ripening. At over ripe stage, Maoluang possess the highest antioxi- dants. Thus, the over ripe stage would be the appropriate time to harvest when taking nutrition into consideration. This existing published information provides a helpful daily diet guide and useful guidance for industrial utilization of Maoluang fruits.

PL

Badania miały na celu poznanie zmian wlaściwości fizyko-chemicznych, zawartości polifenoli i aktywności przeciwrodnikowej podczas rozwoju i dojrzewania owoców antydesmy wawrzynolistnej. Zawarto ść fenoli ogółem (TP), oznaczana metodą Folina-Ciocalteu, stopniowo zmniejszała się od 19,60 do 8,66 mg GAE/g f.w. wraz z przechodzeniem od stadiów niedojrzałości do przejrzalości. Natomiast zawartość antocyjanów ogółem (TA) była najwyższa u przejrzafych owoców, gdzie średnia jej wartość wyniosła 141,94 mg/100 gf.w. Aktywność przeciwrodnikową(AA) ekstraktów metanolowych z owoców antydesmy wawrzynolistnej oznaczano przez redukcj ę rodników DPPH (2,2-difenylo-1-pikrylohydrozylu). Najwyższą aktywno ść przeciw- rodnikową, której towarzyszył wysoki poziom TP, w tym kwasu galusowego, zaobserwowano u roślin niedojrzałych. Polifenole były oznaczane za pomocą HPLC. W trakcie rozwoju i dojrzewania owoców poziom procyjanidyny B2, procyjanidyny B1, (+)-katecholu, (-)-epikatecholu, rutyny oraz trans resweratrolu jako głównych polifenoli zwiększył się. Natomiast poziom pozostałych hydroksykwasów aromatycznych, takich jak kwas galusowy, kawowy i elagowy znacząco spadł (p < 0,05). Owoce zawierały najwięcej przeciwutleniaczy, gdy były przejrzałe. Dlatego też okres, w którym owoce te są przejrzałe jest najlepszy do zbioru, biorąc pod uwagę ich wł- ściwości odżywcze. Wyniki te dostarczają informacji dotyczących zastosowania owoców antydesmy wawrzynolistnej w codziennej diecie oraz przemysłowego ich wykorzystania

4

Determination of physical and chemical properties of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.) fruits depending on degree of ripening and ecotypes

84%

Szot I. , Szot P. , Lipa T. , Sosnowska B. , Dobrzanski B.

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nr 2

EN

Cornelian cherry in Poland belongs to the alternative fruit species. The fruits are suitable for fresh consumption, however they can be used for processing: juice, jams, jellies, syrups, tinctures. Fruits are abundant in mineral elements, vitamin C, organic acids, iridoids, anthocyanins and due to that they have health-promoting significance. In this experiment, the fruit quality of several 16-year-old ecotypes in the Lublin region was compared. They were compared in terms of the beginning of fruit ripening and fruit size (length, diameter, mass), fruit shape index, share of stone in the fruit, SSC, TA, SSC/TA, reducing sugar, dry matter content and anthocyanins content. The color of fruit was evaluated in two dates, visually and using HanterLab spectrophotometer. Cornelian cherry fruits began to mature at the beginning of August and at the latest at the end of August. With the increase of the maturity degree, the SSC, reducing sugars, TA, dry matter and anthocyanins increased significantly. There was no difference in the taste of light red fruits and dark red fruits, which were characterized by similar ratio of SSC/TA. Ecotype No. 11, as the earliest maturing, with big round fruits, dark red colored with the highest content of anthocyanins, could be distinguished. As well as ecotypes No. 4 and 5, ripening in mid-August, and having a high ratio of SSC/TA, providing a good taste. Studied ecotypes could be used in breeding programs to incorporate a wide range of quality and agronomic characteristics into a final cornelian cherry cultivar.

5

Klasyfikacja odmian gruszy pod względem pory dojrzewania owoców

67%

Hodun G. , Hodun M.

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tom 555

PL

Badania prowadzono w latach 1998-2004 w Dąbrowicach, w kolekcji gruszy założonej w Sadzie Doświadczalnym Instytutu Sadownictwa i Kwiaciarstwa w Skierniewicach. Ich celem była klasyfikacja zgromadzonych tu odmian pod względem pory dojrzewania owoców. Oceniano drzewa ponad 200 genotypów gruszy, posadzone wiosną 1995 roku w rozstawie 4 x 2,5 m. Wszystkie genotypy były rozmnożone na siewkach gruszy kaukaskiej (Pyrus caucasica). Każdego roku dla badanych genotypów określano początek dojrzałości konsumpcyjnej owoców. Na podstawie uzyskanych wyników oceniane genotypy uszeregowano od najwcześniejszych do najpóźniejszych, wyodrębniając 5 grup różniących się porą dojrzewania owoców. Owoce odmian bardzo wczesnych dojrzewały od 15 lipca do 25 lipca, wczesnych od 26 lipca do 25 sierpnia, średnio wczesnych od 26 sierpnia do 20 września, późnych od 21 września do 10 października, a bardzo późnych po 10 października. Wśród ocenianych odmian najliczniejszą grupę stanowiły grusze późne, których owoce - tak jak owoce odmian bardzo późnych - w kolejnych latach badań zazwyczaj dojrzewały w zbliżonych terminach. Najmniej liczna była grupa odmian bardzo wczesnych, charakteryzujących się - podobnie jak odmiany wczesne i średnio wczesne - dużym zróżnicowaniem pory dojrzewania owoców.

EN

The studies were conducted in the pear (Pyrus sp.) collection maintained at the Experimental Orchard at Dąbrowice, the Institute of Pomology and Floriculture in Skierniewice, Central Poland. Observations were carried out in the years 1998-2004. The aim of the studies was the classification of pear cultivars in regard to time of their fruit ripening. Over two hundred cultivars of this species were evaluated. All cultivars were grafted on the rootstock - seedlings of Pyrus caucasica. Trees were planted in the spring of 1995, at the density of 4.0 x 2.5 m. For all the examined genotypes a beginning of repening for consumption of fruits was determined each year. On the basis of the obtained results the tested genotypes were classified from the earliest to the latest. Then all pear cultivars were divided into five groups according to the time of fruit ripening. Fruits of very early cultivars ripened from 15 July to 25 July, early from 26 July to 25 August, mid-early from 26 August to 20 September, late from 21 September to 10 October and very late after 10 October. The group of late cultivars was most numerous among the evaluated genotypes. Pears from the group of very early cultivars were the least numerous. The group of very early as well as early and mid-early cultivars of pear were characterized by a great differentiation in the time of fruit ripening. Fruits of late and very late cultivars usually ripened on similar dates during seven years of evaluation.