Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Flash vacuum pyrolysis of 1,3-thiazole-5(4H)-thiones

100%

Leśniak S. , Mlostoń G. , Heimgartner H.

|

1998

|

tom Vol. 72, nr 8

1915-1920

EN

Flash vacuum pyrolysis of 2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5(4H)-one (5) at 600degree C/1.5x10(-3) torr proceeded via CO2-elimination to give 3-phenyl-2H-azirine (6) as the only detectable product which was isolated in 34% yield. Under similar conditions, 4,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazole-5(4H)-thiones 7a and 7b yielded isomeric 1,4,2-dithiazole derivatives 8a,b as main products. Desulfurization leads to 2-(2-propylidene)-1,3-thiazetes 9 as minor products, and in the case of 7a, disulfide 10a is formed as a second minor product.

2

Kierunek przylotu oraz parametry fizyczne meteoroidu Morasko wraz z ich implikacjami dla elipsy rozrzutu – wnioski z badań numerycznych

100%

Bronikowska M.

Acta Societatis Metheoriticae Polonorum

|

2018

|

tom 9

17-29

EN

The Morasko strewn field located near Poznań, in Poland is an excellent example of well preserved strewn ellipse with several small hypervelocity impact craters. Although many studies on this crater field has been conducted since the first meteorite finding in 1914, the discussion of the strewn ellipse, its shape, size and direction is still ongoing. The proper answers on many questions concerning the Morasko impact can be given by numerical modeling. In this paper the implications of the Morasko meteoroid entry parameters on the observed strewn ellipse are presented. It is shown by numerical modeling, that the Morasko impact occurred from the NE direction, with the shallow horizontal angle. The strewn ellipse size is modeled together with the number of big meteorites which probably remain in the Morasko reserved area deep in the ground. The results described in this paper clearly indicate that the strewn ellipse related to the Morasko fall is elongated no more than several kilometers and contain over a dozen meteorites weighting more than 100 kilograms.

3

Markov chain model of phytoplankton dynamics

100%

Wieczorek R.

International Journal of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science

|

2010

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tom 20

|

nr 4

763-771

EN

A discrete-time stochastic spatial model of plankton dynamics is given. We focus on aggregative behaviour of plankton cells. Our aim is to show the convergence of a microscopic, stochastic model to a macroscopic one, given by an evolution equation. Some numerical simulations are also presented.

4

Non-extensive framework for earthquakes: the role of fragments

100%

Sotolongo-Costa O.

Acta Geophysica

|

2012

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tom Vol. 60, no. 3

526-534

EN

The inclusion of fragment-asperity interaction inside tectonic plates to find a frequency magnitude relation for earthquakes, and the need for non-extensive statistics in this case is exposed. The usefulness of this formulation is shown. A comparison with seismic observations is also discussed.

5

Solid fuels particles fragmentation during the periodic combustion

88%

Gajewski W. , Kijo-Kleczkowska A.

|

2006

|

tom Vol. 26 nr 1-2

63-81

EN

The paper present the experimental results, referring to the coal particles combustion in the conditions of fluidized bed. Periodicity of the coal particles combustion process results from the circulating movement of the material in the boiler: the combustion chamber, the cyclone and the downcomer. The combustion process in the combustion chamber of the CFB is determined by three processes: the cyclic coal particles combustion, the thermal fragmentation of coal and the attrition of coal particles. The paper focuses on the determination of the combined effect of both fragmentation and the cyclic coal particles combustion.

6

A nonlocal coagulation-fragmentation model

75%

Lachowicz M. , Wrzosek D.

Applicationes Mathematicae

|

2000

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tom 27

|

nr 1

45-66

EN

A new nonlocal discrete model of cluster coagulation and fragmentation is proposed. In the model the spatial structure of the processes is taken into account: the clusters may coalesce at a distance between their centers and may diffuse in the physical space Ω. The model is expressed in terms of an infinite system of integro-differential bilinear equations. We prove that some results known in the spatially homogeneous case can be extended to the nonlocal model. In contrast to the corresponding local models the analysis can be carried out in the $L_1(Ω)$ setting. Our purpose is to study global (in time) existence, mass conservation and well-posedness of the model.

7

Miejskie pachnidło. Fragmentacja i prywatyzacja przestrzeni w perspektywie osmosocjologicznej

75%

Szczepański M. S. , Ślęzak-Tazbir W.

Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

|

2008

|

nr 2(32)

18-40

PL

Z wszystkich pięciu zmysłów, którymi dysponuje człowiek, to właśnie zmysł wzroku i dotyku zapewniają najlepszy ogląd przestrzeni i wszelkich zjawisk, jakie w niej zachodzą. Dużo trudniej poznawać przestrzeń za pomocą słuchu a już całkiem niemożliwe wydaje się smakowanie przestrzeni, nawet jeżeli jest to przestrzeń całkowicie uczłowieczona. Również zmysł węchu mógłby się wydawać zupełnie bezużyteczny w percepcji przestrzeni ze względu na swoją ulotność, tymczasowość. A jednak zapach przestrzeni, gdy skoncentrować się na nim, jest czasem bardziej charakterystycznym landmarkiem aniżeli niejeden budynek czy droga. Stąd przyjęcie perspektywy osmosocjologicznej wydaje się potrzebne dla pełniejszej analizy i interpretacji dynamiki przestrzeni. Przedmiotem obserwacji i analizy w niniejszym studium staną się zapachy wybranych przestrzeni miejskich i podmiejskich starego regionu przemysłowego. Jaka mieszanka aromatów stanowi miejskie pachnidło? Z jednej strony kusząca woń prywatnych przestrzeni publicznych, sztucznie aromatyzowanych perfumami i odświeżaczami powietrza, z drugiej – fetor zaniedbanych oficyn i podwórek, smród osiedlowej budki z piwem i ekskluzywny bukiet koniaku w hotelowym barze, telluryczne wyziewy hałd i woń sosnowych lasów. Te bieguny zapachowe coraz wyraźniej, co postaramy się pokazać, wpływają na fragmentację i prywatyzację miejskich przestrzeni. Na terenie starego regionu przemysłowego repertuar zapachów jest tyleż bogaty, co istotny dla powstawania coraz wyraźniejszych granic w przestrzeni.

EN

From the five senses that men have the sense of sight and touch, though seemingly the most acute, are limited when it comes to examining space and all phenomena that occur in it. Moreover, it is much more difficult to examine space through the sense hearing and it is almost impossible to taste it, even if it is humanized. Another human sense i.e. the sense of smell which enables us to recognize different scents may, due to its transitory and temporary nature, appear to be useless when it comes to examining space. Nonetheless, if we concentrate on all the scents that fill the space, they are frequently a more distinctive and prominent landmark than, for example, a building or a road. Therefore, it seems to be vital that the perspective of sociology of scent be adopted if we want to make a more in-depth analysis and interpretation of space dynamics. The scents that fill a chosen urban and suburban old industrial region are analysed and observed in this study. What are the scents that fill urban space? On the one hand there is the tempting scent of private space, which is filled with artificial perfumes and air fresheners. However, on the other hand there is the unpleasant and offensive odour from neglected backyards and outhouses; the odour coming from a local beer stand and an aromatic bouquet of cognac in a hotel bar; obnoxious odours emitted by mine slag heaps and the scent of the pine forest. We aim to show that a wide range of different smells, ranging from delicate and lovely scents to offensive and foul odours, have a growing influence on fragmentation and privatization of urban space.

8

Badania właściwości fizycznych i mechanicznych wolframowych stopów ciężkich skłonnych do fragmentacji wykonanych z różnie przygotowanych mieszanek

75%

Konieczny M. , Kaczorowski M. , Nowak W.

|

2012

|

tom R. 57, nr 7

469-472

PL

W artykule zamieszczono wyniki badań wolframowych stopów ciężkich (WSC) skłonnych do fragmentacji, otrzymanych z mieszanek proszków W, Ni, Fe, Co z dodatkiem ceramiki Al203 lub W03. Wolframowe stopy ciężkie uzyskano z wyprasek spiekanych wstanie stałym i z udziałem fazy stałej oraz ciekłej w atmosferze wodorowej. Otrzymane wyniki sq cennym źródłem wiedzy na temat własności fizycznych i mechanicznych tych unikatowych stopów ciężkich.

EN

The paper presents results of examination of the physical and mechanical properties of tungsten heavy alloys (WSC) prone to fragmentation prepared from the mixtures of the W, Ni, Fe, Co with the addition ofAl203 ceramics or W03. The tungsten heavy alloys were obtained from the compacts solid or liquid phase sintered in hydrogen atmosphere. The results obtained are a valuable source of knowledge about the physical and mechanical properties of these unique heavy alloys.

9

Slovakia and Hungary: two different cases of party system change and persistence after 2000

63%

Koubek J.

Střed. Časopis pro mezioborová studia Střední Evropy 19. a 20. století. / Centre. Journal for Interdisciplinary Studies of Central Europe in the 19th and 20th Centuries.

|

2014

|

tom 6

|

nr 1

127-168

EN

Slovak 2014 presidential election with its extraordinarily high score for independent nonpartisan and anti-established-parties candidates has aroused an impression of a profound change of Slovak politics going on. Hungarian 2014 parliamentary election, on the contrary, has brought almost no result discontinuity as far as the previous (2010) is concerned. The image of Hungarian politics as essentially frozen is thus hard to dismiss. Th is article argues that to announce a genuine party system change in Slovakia seems at least a premature conclusion. On the other hand, the striking continuity in Hungary is actually a delayed message of a fundamental change that happened (and has only been confi rmed now) in 2010. As for Slovakia, the seemingly breakthrough 2014 electoral outcome has taken place in the presidential arena where the results have always been incompatible with the main Slovak electoral arena, i.e. parliamentary. Moreover, the presidential election outcome has not broken any of the main features of Slovak party politics: right-left competition with stable alliances, asymmetric format and coexistence of stable-core parties in some segments and rather unstable ones in the liberal “urban” sector. Turning to Hungary, the frozen (or locked) character of its politics, as exemplifi ed not only by the electoral non-change of 2014 but also, on another level, by the 2012 constitution, should not deflect the observer from a crucial fact: it has been a fundamental change what has been frozen into place. A change that has entirely transformed the logics of inter-party competition: from a symmetric bipolar right-left to a highly asymmetric unipolar with centre of gravity heavily shifted to the right and the metric centre of the system embodied by the thoroughly rightist Fidesz party. In both countries an anti-establishment protest-like opposition seems to be on rise. In Hungary it is radical and nationalistic. In Slovakia it is (so far) moderate and follows a general anti-party and anti-traditional-politicians sentiment. It is not beyond imagination in a foreseeable future, though, that the missing component in each of the countries could emerge. After all, in Slovakia this would just mean a return to one its patterns (existence of a radical nationalistic party). In Hungary, any powerful antiparty and nonideological movement would be a novelty. But even a frozen country could soon come to follow other European countries’ example. Th is article has set the recent development in the neighboring countries into the context. In the two case studies, it fi rst showed the main features of both party systems in terms of format and mechanics. In Slovakia, it was the moderately asymmetric format and a somewhat “fragile” (belated in its ascendance and at times vulnerable) right-left pattern of competition based on socio-economic issues. In Hungary, it was a stable bipolarity, reflecting a cultural (value-based) right-left confl ict, transformed recently into a strong asymmetric format, shaped in both stages by strong intervening institutions. In the final comparative chapter, the Slovak-Hungarian diff erences have been explored in more detail and some tentative answers have been suggested: electoral system for the format-related diff erences, divergent logics of post-1990 path dependency for the mechanics-related diff erences and, finally, personalization/personifi cation distinction for the diff erences in dynamics (a late, post-2010 party system reconstruction in Hungary as opposed to an earlier, “millennium” reconstruction in Slovakia).

10

FE analysis on the formation of plastic instabilities in dynamically expanded copper rings

63%

Vela C. , Rodriguez-Martinez J. A. , Rusinek A.

|

2011

|

tom Vol. 59, iss. 3

211-233

EN

In this work the influence of the constitutive description in numerical simulations of the radial expansion of annealed OFHC copper rings has been studied. For that task, three physical-based constitutive models are implemented into the FE code ABAQUS/Explicit and applied to de?ne the thermo-viscoplastic behaviour of the material in the simulations. These are those due to Rusinek et al. [A. Rusinek, J.A. Rodr´ iguez–Mart´ inez, A. Arias, A thermo-viscoplastic constitutive model for FCC metals with application to OFHC copper, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 52, 120–135, 2010], Nemat–Nasser and Li [S. Nemat–Nasser, Y. Li, Flow stress of FCC polycrystals with application to OFHC Copper, Acta Mater., 46, 565–577, 1998] and Voyiadjis and Almasri [G. Z. Voyiadjis, A.H. Almasri, A physically based constitutive model for fcc metals with applications to dynamic hardness, Mech. Mater., 40, 549–563, 2008]. The attention is primarily focussed on analyzing the in?uence of the material description on the strain localization process. Notable differences are observed in the response of the specimen under loading depending on the constitutive relation used. The numerical study indicated that the constitutive model controls the low localization, defines the strain of instability and determines the number of necks formed. The causes which reside behind such decisive role played by the constitutive relation are investigated. It has been found that the rate sensitivity definition governs the models’ predictions for the strain localization process.

11

Badanie procesów jonizacji i fragmentacji metanolu CH₃OH przy użyciu podwójnie ogniskującego spektrometru mas

63%

Szot E. , Wójcik L. , Głuch K.

|

2011

|

tom Vol. 52, nr 8

63-65

PL

W pracy prezentowane są rezultaty badań procesów jonizacji i fragmentacji metanolu (CH₃OH). Pomiary przeprowadzone zostały przy wykorzystaniu podwójnie ogniskującego spektrometru mas Niera-Johnsona o odwróconej geometrii (B-E), znajdującego się w Zakładzie Fizyki Molekularnej Instytutu Fizyki, UMCS Lublin. Zarejestrowano widmo masowe metanolu oraz określono energie pojawiania się jonów powstałych w źródle w wyniku zderzeń z molekułami tego związku. W pomiarach wykorzystano również technikę MIKE (Mass Analized lon Kinetic Energy), co pozwoliło prześledzić kanały rozpadów jakim ulegają jony macierzyste CH₃OH⁺ → CHOH⁺ oraz CH₃⁺ → CH⁺.

EN

The results of ionization and fragmentation of methanol are presented in this work. Double focusing mass spectrometer of reversed Nier-Johnson geometry (B-E), located in the Molecular Physics Department in the Institute of Physics, UMCS Lublin, was used to conduct the investigation. Mass spectrum of methanol was recorded and appearance energies for ions generated in ion source were determined. MIKE technique allowed to discover paths of decay for the parent ions CH₃OH⁺ → CHOH⁺ and CH₃⁺ → CH⁺.

12

The thermal fragmentation of coal in a bubbling fluidized bed

63%

Gajewski W. , Kosowska-Golachowska M.

|

2007

|

tom Vol. 28, no. 2

85-96

EN

The fragmentation of coal plays a significant role during combustion process in fluidized-bed boilers because it accelerates combustion and influences the particle size distribution in the fluidized bed. Results of experimental investigations of thermal fragmentation for ten different types of coals combusted in a bubbling fluidized bed are presented in the paper. The influences of properties of fuel on the fragmentation process were studied. Degrees of thermal shock fragmentation, primary and secondary fragmentation are also determined. Scanning electronic microscopy (SEM) was used to identify the structure of tested coals at different stages of combustion.

13

Geopolitical Determinants of Macedonia as Part of the Balkan Instability. Outline of the Problem

63%

Gibas-Krzak D.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

|

2014

|

nr 4(30)

211-225

EN

Geopolitics is a relatively new scientific discipline that studies the relationship between the geographical and historical factors influencing the formation and functioning of the states (centres of power). The aim of this paper is to present geopolitical and geostrategic determinants of Macedonia. The author examines the question: Does the territory of Macedonia have the character of destabilizing the political situation in the Balkans, by typing in the paradigm of Balkan instability? The author has relied on the analysis of the Balkan scientists, mostly Serbian and Greek. It is essential to mention: Andrej Mitrović, MiloljubSretenović, MilenkoTešić, Radovan Pavić, Slavoljub B. Šušić, Alexander Demajo and Greek balkanist – Dimitri Poulakos. The author depictsthe geopolitical significance of Macedonia throughout the ages, and geostrategic importance of Macedonia in order to conclude that contemporary Macedonia faces numerous problems of economic, ethnic, legal and international nature. However, it seems that the Albanian ethnic factor as well as bi‑ethnicity of Macedonia are the most unstable elements in the current geopolitical situation of this territory.

14

Smells of the City. Fragmentation and Privatisation of City Space from an Osmosociological Perspective

63%

Szczepański M. S. , Ślęzak-Tazbir W.

Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

|

2009

|

nr numer specjalny / special issue

102-124

EN

From the five senses that men have the sense of sight and touch, though seemingly the most acute, are limited when it comes to examining space and all phenomena that occur in it. Moreover, it is much more difficult to examine space through the sense hearing and it is almost impossible to taste it, even if it is humanized. Another human sense i.e. the sense of smell which enables us to recognize different scents may, due to its transitory and temporary nature, appear to be useless when it comes to examining space. Nonetheless, if we concentrate on all the scents that fill the space, they are frequently a more distinctive and prominent landmark than, for example, a building or a road. Therefore, it seems to be vital that the perspective of sociology of scent be adopted if we want to make a more in-depth analysis and interpretation of space dynamics. The scents that fill a chosen urban and suburban old industrial region are analysed and observed in this study. What are the scents that fill urban space? On the one hand there is the tempting scent of private space, which is filled with artificial perfumes and air fresheners. However, on the other hand there is the unpleasant and offensive odour from neglected backyards and outhouses; the odour coming from a local beer stand and an aromatic bouquet of cognac in a hotel bar; obnoxious odours emitted by mine slag heaps and the scent of the pine forest. We aim to show that a wide range of different smells, ranging from delicate and lovely scents to offensive and foul odours, have a growing influence on fragmentation and privatization of urban space.

15

Fragmentaryzacja przestrzeni publicznej – próby rekompozycji

63%

Dymnicka M.

Studia Regionalne i Lokalne

|

2008

|

nr 3(33)

33-52

PL

Publiczna przestrzeń epoki ponowoczesnej jest zlepkiem nieciągłych funkcji, zbiorem luźno powiązanych fragmentów, coraz częściej bez związku z miastem. Ludzie komponują sobie własne miasto z indywidualnych trajektorii, wyznaczanych trasami samochodowymi. Neoliberalna logika rozwoju miasta uznaje zasadę spontaniczności w miejscach, gdzie dominują interesy grup dużego kapitału, spychając na margines jedno z ważniejszych zadań współczesnej urbanistyki – ochronę i rozwój przestrzeni publicznej. W związku z kryzysem, jaki obecnie przechodzi (presja komercji), podejmuje się próby przywracania jej znaczenia społecznego i przestrzennego. Celem przeobrażeń jest powiązanie przestrzeni publicznych z szerszym otoczeniem (z terenami otwartymi, strefami nadwodnymi, ciągami spacerowymi, placami zabaw etc.). Rekompozycja jest częścią procesu odnowy, dzięki której udaje się scalić miasto i odtworzyć tożsamość miejsca wszędzie tam, gdzie nie rezygnuje się z relacji, w jakie współczesna architektura może wejść z użytkownikami i otoczeniem.

EN

Public space of the post-modern epoch is a conglomerate or blend of discontinuous functions, a collection of loosely connected fragments, increasingly more frequently unrelated to a city. People compose for themselves their own town from individual trajectories that are outlined by means of motor roads. Neo-liberal logic of city development recognizes the rule of spontaneity wherever the interest of big capital groups dominates, pushing onto the sidelines the more important task of contemporary urban planning – the protection and development of public spaces. Due to the crisis it is undergoing at present (commercial pressure), the efforts are taken to regain its social and spatial significance. The purpose of these transformations is bonding public spaces with broader surroundings (with open terrains, waterside zones, promenades, playgrounds, etc). These changes use programmed connections, contacts, passages, links, connecting areas and other relations that invest new sociological and cultural meanings into public spaces. The integration process gives positive results in numerous cities of Western Europe. One of them, perhaps the most essential, is development of more attractive and deeper relationships of inhabitants with their urban environment. Although the task fails to be easy (integrating tendencies compete with inclinations for disintegration), it is an important step towards the enhancement of urban life quality. The evidence can be numerous discussions and conferences on the issue of public space.

16

Structure and mechanism for surface layer formation in boundary lubrication friction

63%

Kolubaev A. , Tarassov S. , Kozlov E.

|

1998

|

tom z. 5

715-727

EN

By means of transmission and scanning electron microscopy, the microstructure of subssurface layer on speciments after friction tests has been examined. The load and sliding speed dependencies of the coefficient of friction and temperature have been obtained on speciments from austenitic and martensitic steels. It has beeen shown that serve adhesive wear (seizure) conditions result in formation of a 20-40 microns thick layer with the fine -cristalline MIcrostructure.The thickness of layer does not seem to depend on either preceding heat treatment or initial state of the material.

PL

Testowano mikrostrukturę warstwy podpowierzchniowej próbek po procesie tarcia a pomocą elektronowej mikroskopii skanningowej i transmisyjnej. Otrzymano zależności pomiędzy wspołczynnikiem tarcia i temperaturą dla próbek ze stali martenzytycznej i austenicznej. Wykazano, że ciężkie , adhezyjne warunki zużycia (szczepianie) powodują tworzenie warstwy drobnokrystalicznej struktury o grubosci 20-40 mikronów. Wydaja się, że grubość tej warstwy nie zależy od stanu początkowego materiału.

17

Offsetting the ‘Violence’ of the Male Gaze through the Box-Assemblage

51%

Buttigieg L.

Społeczeństwo. Edukacja. Język

|

2017

|

tom 1(5)

113-121

EN

The purpose of the article and my purpose as an artist is to demonstrate how my box-assemblage succeeds in countervailing the ‘violence’ of the male gaze through its sanctuaried design and Idoia’s simulacra, relics and memorabilia that make up its fabric. While acknowledging that Idoia embodies my unattainable other, I have come to the point where I have no qualms in equating her with the transcendental. To this effect, the box-assemblage fuses the sacred and the profane, and subjects Idoia’s raw sexuality to a process of transubstantiation whereby the ordinary yearns for the extraordinary. Furthermore, by having her body eroticised and fetishized through fragmentation, a process construed as violent in nature, the artefact roots within itself the notions of Eros and Thanatos. With such attributes, the box-assemblage not only empowers this woman to display herself on her own terms, but questions and disrupts the violent spectatorship and dominance of the male gaze.

PL

Celem tego artykułu, jak również moim zamysłem artystycznym, jest wykazanie w jaki sposób moje asamblaże przeciwstawiają się przemocy męskiego spojrzenia poprzez swój rezonujący religijnie kształt oraz symulakra Idoi, relikwie i pamiątki, które składają się na ich tkankę. Choć przyznaję, że Idoia uosabia mojego nieosiągalnego Innego, nie waham się odkrywać w niej element transcendentalny. W ten sposób asamblaż łączy sacrum i profanum i podporządkowuje pierwotną seksualność Idoi procesowi przeistoczenia, gdzie to, co zwyczajne tęskni za tym, co wyjątkowe. Dodatkowo, poprzez fragmentację jej ciało staje się erotycznym fetyszem i to, co w naturze utożsamiane jest z przemocą, poprzez dzieło sztuki zaczyna być nośnikiem pojęcia Erosa i Tanatosa. W ten sposób asamblaż daje kobiecie siłę nie tylko w przedstawianiu siebie na własnych warunkach, ale również by przełamać przemoc i dominację męskiego spojrzenia.

18

Wpływ cykliczności spalania na fragmentację ziaren paliwa stałego

51%

Gajewski W. , Kijo-Kleczkowska A.

|

2004

|

tom nr 7-8

34-40

PL

Tematyka artykułu nawiązuje do specyfiki spalania paliw stałych w kotłach z cyrkulacyjną warstwą fluidalną (CWF). O przebiegu spalania węgla w komorze paleniskowej kotła z CWF decydują w głównej mierze trzy procesy: cykliczne spalanie ziaren węgla, fragmentacja termiczna paliwa oraz erozja ziaren węgla. Skupiono uwagę na określeniu współoddziaływania procesu fragmentacji i spalania cyklicznego ziaren węgla. Rozpad paliwa kształtuje bowiem skład frakcyjny węgla w palenisku z cyrkulacyjną warstwą fluidalną.

EN

The subject of the paper refers to specificity of solid fuels combustion in circulating fluidised bed (CFB). The three processes: the cyclic combustion of coal, the thermal fragmentation of fuel and the erosion of coal particles decide about combustion of coal in combustion chamber of CFB. In the work an attempt has been made to explain the co-operation the thermal fragmentation with the cyclic combustion of coal particles. The break-up of fuel forms the fractional composition of coal in circulating fluidised bed.