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Locution verbale espagnole dejar caer – typologie, classification des emplois et tentative de leur traduction en français et en polonais à travers une méthodologie à objets

100%

Żłobińska-Nowak A.

nr 19

439-456

The paper focuses on the analysis of the Spanish verb dejar with the infinitive caer in the phraseological unit dejar caer (que) which has a polysemic character. A multitude of its uses is observed especially in attempts to translate it into French and Polish undertaken by the Author. The aim of this paper is also to show that not only the meaning of one lexeme may depend on the semantic-syntactic environment, but it also influences a compound construction. The verbal unit dejar caer can be followed by different types of nouns (abstract, concrete) functioning as a complement, as well as by a subordinate clause introduced by the conjunction que. Each of the uses is associated with selective restrictions which influence a more detailed type of complement and subject, in this way causing a different understanding and translation of this lexical unit. The proposed description is based on the notion of a class of objects widely studied and applied in linguistics by, for instance, G. Gross, X. Blanco Escoda or W. Banyś. The results of the analysis would also be suitable for the purposes of machine translation into French and Polish.

La communication porte sur le figement linguistique du verbe espagnol dejar avec l’infinitif caer dans la construction dejar caer (que) ayant un caractère polysémique. Une multitude d’emplois se fait observer surtout dans des tentatives de sa traduction en français et en polonais entreprises par l’auteur. L’analyse vise à démontrer que non seulement le sens d’un lexème peut dépendre de la syntaxe mais que la combinatoire des mots influe aussi sur le sens global d’une expression figée. Les emplois de cette locution verbale composée de deux verbes peuvent mettre en jeu, à la place du compément, un nom abstrait, concret, une subordonnée précédée d’une conjonction. Tout emploi a un impact sur les restrictions sélectives quant à la délimitation plus détaillée du type du complément et du sujet, la compréhension et la traduction de cette unité lexicale. La description proposée se base sur la notion de classe d’objets largement étudiée en linguistique par plusieurs chercheurs renommés, à en énumérer surtout G. Gross, X. Blanco Escoda ou W. Banyś. Les résultats de l’analyse sauraient être adaptés également à des fins de la traduction automatique en français et en polonais.

An Early Triassic gladius associated with soft tissue remains from Idaho, USA-a squid-like coleoid cephalopod at the onset of Mesozoic Era

80%

Doguzhaeva L. A. , Brayard A. , Goudemand N. , Krumenacker L. J. , Jenks J. F. , Bylund K. G. , Fara E. , Olivier N. , Vennin E. , Escarguel G.

nr 2

We describe an Olenekian (Early Triassic) “fossil squid” belonging to the oldest complex Mesozoic marine biota collected in the Lower Shale unit of the Lower Triassic Thaynes Group in Idaho, USA. The studied specimen shows a tapered structure embedded in a cylindrical soft body. Morphological, ultrastructural and geochemical features of the specimen suggest that it corresponds to an internally-shelled cephalopod exhibiting a tapered micro-laminated gladius with rachis, narrow median and lateral fields and a large conus; a pair of posterior large fin-supported cartilages and fins; ventral and dorsal mantle band-shape structures, the dorsal one being cartilaginous; mantle patches; a stomach containing undigested arm-hooks and sheet-like pieces of potential flooded ink. Coupled SEM/EDS analyses show that (i) arm-hooks and ink were pseudomorphed by nanoparticles (less than 0.6 mm in diameter) of carbon, (ii) gladius and soft tissues were substituted by granules of calcium phosphate, (iii) cartilage canalicula’s were partially filled with calcium phosphate grains and crystals of Zn- and S-containing minerals. The specimen was hence probably fossilized due to metabolism of P- and C-accumulating bacteria. Based on this specimen, Idahoteuthis parisiana Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. et sp. nov. and Idahoteuthidae Doguzhaeva and Brayard fam. nov. are erected. This family is characterized by an elongated, cylindrical, dorsally cartilaginous muscular mantle; well-developed, about 0.2 mantle length, rounded anteriorly and acute posteriorly, fin-supported cartilages and similarly shaped two fins at conical mantle termination, and thin slender gladius with narrow median and lateral fields, rachis and breviconic conus. This family assumedly falls in Myopsida (Decabrachia). A streamlined body, large fin-supported cartilages and eroded arm-hooks in the stomach of Idahoteuthis Doguzhaeva and Brayard gen. nov. suggest that this was a maneuverable cannibal predator that dwelled in the subequatorial shallow sea of the west coast of Pangaea.

New findings reveal that the Middle Triassic ichthyosaur Mixosaurus cornalianus is the oldest amniote with a dorsal fin

70%

Renesto S. , Dal Sasso C. , Fogliazza F. , Ragni C.

nr 3

Paedomorphosis and neurocranial ossification in two Devonian lungfishes

70%

Boirot M. , Challands T. , Cloutier R.

nr 2