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Archaeological heritage in forested areas – challenges, problems and solutions

100%

Zapłata R. , Stereńczak K.

Raport

2018

tom 13

217-227

The paper is meant as a springboard for a discussion on the issue of archaeological finds in forested areas, with regard to the situation in Poland. Firstly, the issue of identifying cultural heritage in forested areas will be discussed, with a particular emphasis on the role and significance of the latest non-invasive technologies, especially laser scanning (LiDAR). Another element of the paper is the issue of protecting cultural and environmental heritage, therefore, the issue requiring an interdisciplinary approach, the necessity to work out optimal solutions, at the same time recognising the two aforementioned groups of historic objects that require integrated activities, as well as large-scale and long-term strategies. Examples of current activity will be presented by referring to the work that is being / has been realised, using the experience gained from scientific projects or institutional activities in Poland. The paper is directed towards “preventive activities to save archaeological objects in forested areas” and answering the question – how to effectively and optimally identify, examine, protect, manage and present historic heritage in forested areas. The paper fits in with tasks related to “Inventorying cultural heritage“, which are carried out within the assignment commissioned by the State Treasury – the State Forests National Forest Holding - General Forest Management.

Results of integrated geoarchaeological prospection of unique Iron Age hillfort located on Radomno Lake island in north-eastern Poland

63%

Welc F. , Nitychoruk J. , Solecki R. , Rabiega K. , Wysocki J.

Studia Quaternaria

2018

tom Vol. 35, Nr 1

55--71

Archaeology of north-eastern Poland has been poorly recognized owing to vast forest areas and numerous lakes. This particularly refers to the Warmian–Masurian Voivodship, where forest covers over 30% of its area. Prospection of forested areas has become possible in Poland just over 10 years ago with the Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) and Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR). These techniques allow obtaining 3-D documentation of recognized and also unknown archaeological sites in the forested areas. Thanks to ALS/LiDAR prospection a significant number of archaeological structures have been identified also in the Warmia and Masuria regions. Among them oval-shaped hillforts, surrounded by perfectly spaced concentric moats and ramparts, located mainly on islands and in wetland areas, have raised particular attention. Based on field prospection and results of preliminary excavations, these objects have been considered as Iron Age hillforts. One of the best preserved objects of this type is on the Radomno Lake island, located several kilometres to the south of Iława town. Integrated geoarchaeological prospection of this hillfort emphasized benefits of using LiDAR in combination with results of geophysical prospection and shallow drillings. Applied methodology enabled to document the hillfort shape, and to study its geological structure and stratigraphy. The results clearly indicate that integration of LiDAR data with geophysical prospecting is indispensable in future archaeological surveys. It is a perfect tool for remote sensing of archaeological objects in forest areas, so far not available for traditional archaeology.