Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Verification of the principles of accounting for the size of the allowable fellings in forest management planning

100%

Borecki T. , Stępień E. , Wójcik R. , Orzechowski M.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2016

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tom vol. 59, nr 197

61--75

EN

The timber market in Poland is dominated by raw materials from the State Forests that conduct planned and sustainable forest management based on forest management plans. Previous rules regulating the planning of final felling are mainly based on the maturity of stands expressed in dominant tree species age and on categories of protection. Attention is paid to the shortage of raw timber material compared to demand and the processing capacity of the industry. There is a danger that unevenness in timber supplies could occur because of the age structure of the forests in the coming decades. Due to the unfavourable age structure of forests in Poland, a not fully satisfactory condition of the resources as well as the high demand for timber in Poland, there is a need for increased usage and regeneration the forests. The amount of harvested timber should be a compromise of silvicultural, protective and productive purposes with the local role of forestry as a stimulator of economic development. Implementation of forest management should take into account the continuity and the relative uniformity of timber supplies in the long term (e.g. fifty years), and a quantitative and qualitative improvement in resources. This requires effective forecasting of forestry resources. The paper presents a methodology for classification of forest stands for felling and the concept of a reassessment of existing accounting rules for the size of the fellings used in the practice of forest management and any related necessary amendments to legal provisions.

2

O współpracy geodezji leśnej z urzadzaniem lasu na Wydziale Leśnym SGGW

100%

Olenderek H.

Przegląd Geodezyjny

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2000

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tom R. 72, nr 2

18-21

3

Forest Economy Versus Sustainable Development

100%

Falencka-Jabłońska M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 18, nr 6

30--35

EN

2017 marks the 30 years since the The World Commission on Environment and Development has published the Brundtland report “Our common future”. The documents of III Ministerial Conference on the Protection of Forests in Europe and the notations of 1.2 resolution adopted in Lisbon have obliged Poland to run forest management according to the rules of lasting and sustainable development. The forest economy was based on a multi-use forest model with special attention devoted to its environment-creating and social role. The actions which confirmed the introduction of rules of sustainable development into forest practice included: creating 19 Promotional Forest Complexes, systematic increase of afforestation and number of reserves. Designation of Natura 2000 areas in Poland within European Network of Protected Sites was also a very important element. Amongst those areas, as much as 39% are forest ecosystems.

4

Growth modelling of Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden TOOLUR in the north-western highlands of Cameroon

100%

Ntabe E. N. , Ngueguim J. R. , Gautam S. H. , Gbenga L. S. , Nkwatoh A. F.

World News of Natural Sciences

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2022

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tom 44

294-307

EN

Eucalyptus grandis W.Hill ex Maiden Toolur is widely grown in the western highlands of Cameroon for fuel wood, charcoal, power transmission and for the construction sector. Its introduction in the area was a community response to increasing demand from adjoining villages and urban centres. In spite of this important economic role, there is little evidence about the application of growth modeling techniques for understanding forest dynamics, productivity and the preparation of feasible and reliable management plans. The objective of this paper was to develop a growth model for E. grandis for the Bambui Eucalyptus Plantation of Cameroon. Thirty square plots of 0.04ha each were set-up at 200m intervals in a parallel-cross direction to check within-plot heterogeneity. Data sets for six dominant and co-dominant trees as well as reference diameter were collected from each plot and analysed for the construction of growth models using the SAS non-linear regression technique. Growth performance and tree volumes were adjusted and tested using seven existing models. The Schumacher model gave the best adjustment. We used a site index equation to determine the fertility index, while a guide curve was drawn by substituting the reference age in the equation. Due to ecological similarities, the volume equation models were compared with those of an adjacent plantation. Predicted values were generated from the two plantations and used for a paired t-test and graphical illustration. We then simulated a yield table and drew site index curves for the plantation. Apart from environmental factors and site variation, growth in height showed rapid increase between 4 and 20 years. 80.5% of variations in reference diameter were explained by the model, while 58.8% of variations in dominant height growth were explained by management practices.

5

Usefulness of anti-parasite modifications of the nestbox's construction

100%

Kędra A. , Mazgajski T. D. , Kruszewicz A. G. , Modlińska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2000

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tom Vol. 48, nr 3

249-253

EN

Two modifications of nestbox construction, supposed to suppress the development of fleas, have been tested in Kampinoski National Park (Central Poland). As fleas larvae depend on the quality of nest material and nest microclimate, we changed nestbox's design in such a way that microclimate shift becomes inevitable. First modification - five holes bored in the nestbox's bottom - turned out to be unsatisfactory. It did not protect nests from massive invasions of fleas, and furthermore diminished occupation of nestboxes by birds. Second modification - nestbox's bottom made of wire-netting - proved itself useful. Fleas were completely absent in Ficedula hypoleuca nests built in those nestboxes, while in Parus major nests their number was reduced. Occupation rate of such modified nestboxes was corresponding to this of traditional ones. Similarily modified nestboxes should be used in forest management practices.

6

Evaluation of GPR surveys for assessment of trees condition in urbanized areas

100%

Mazurek E. , Łyskowski M.

Geology, Geophysics and Environment

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2014

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tom Vol. 40, no. 3

291--296

EN

Modern measuring equipment is sometimes used for applications, for which it has not been originally designed. For example Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR), designed for subsurface structures analysis, can be used for tree tomography. Radar utilizes the phenomenon of propagation of the electromagnetic waves in a physical medium. Measurements can be carried out in situ, in a non-invasive manner on a living tree. Collected data allow for the tree condition determination. It is possible to detect voids and internal structure. Geophysical investigations can provide an estimation of the risk of falling of the trees. These methods also allow determination of the production quality of the tree by detecting knots inside the structure. Available literature shows only limited examples of the usage of other geophysical surveys, such as the ultrasound and geoelectrical method. However, in many cases these measurements are performed on samples in the form of profiles cut from the felled trees. Presented study was conducted on a set of 8 ash trees growing in the Krakow city parks. The measurement was carried out with high frequency antenna – 1600 MHz. Due to the lack of available literature and limited experience of the authors, only trees with known condition were tested. Despite many attempts, the authors were not able to developed a reliable measurement methodology which would allow for unambiguous classification and interpretation of results. In most cases, the results of the study permitted determination of the trees condition. However, some echograms, of the surveyed trees with visible voids pointed to a different tree state and misclassification. Despite that, the research results seem to be promising and the authors believe in the usefulness of the further development of measurement method along with its extension to other trees species.

7

Low-intensity cutting leads to similar forest structure and tree diversity as in protected stands

88%

Dobrowolska D. , Orman O. , Tiwari R. M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2020

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tom 68

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nr 2

8

Classification of Financial Risks in Polish Modern Forestry

88%

Michalski K. , Wieruszewski M. , Starosta-Grala M. , Adamowicz K.

Drewno : prace naukowe, doniesienia, komunikaty

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2023

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tom Vol. 66, nr 212

Art. no. 177426

EN

Modern forest management requires a well-founded knowledge and understanding of all the risks involved in forest management. It requires a wealth of information not only on natural hazards, but also related to the financial aspect of running a business. The most important activity in the risk management phase is to identify all the known risk areas, and on this basis, to determine the appropriate classification of risks accompanying the activities of the entity in question, taking into account the various categories of risk division. In forest management, the global risk of activities should be considered in terms of two main risks: operational risk (including natural and anthropogenic factors), and financial risk, which, in simple terms, is the consequence of decisions and economic processes in an entity's area of activity. Considering the impact of the production factors that affect the results of the activities carried out, it should be emphasized that forest management has a specific distribution of standard production factors. The forest stand plays the role of both a production resource and an object of production, and in the final analysis, represents a production effect. Any consideration of financial risk management in forest management should be carried out based on long-term analytical data series. Another factor for forests under state management is the various functions that forest management performs. Taking into account the ownership criterion cited earlier, it needs to be emphasized that the weighting of individual financial risks may vary depending on the ownership structure of forests in a given country and taking into account the ownership share of forests in the timber sales market. In conclusion, it was pointed out that, unlike other industries, financial risk management in forest holdings can be disrupted by the function of forests, as well as the strong influence in the long term of natural phenomena that have a significant impact on determining the types and ordering the degree of significance of individual risks in the process of identifying them.

9

Sustainable forest management in Poland - theory and practice

75%

Kruk H. , Kornatowska B.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

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2014

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tom 56

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nr 1

EN

The conception of sustainable development has been implemented into practice in numerous economic sectors, including forestry. Forest ecosystems are extremely important in the global ecological system, therefore maintenance and appropriate management of forest resources according to sustainable development principles have engaged a great deal of attention. The concept of sustainable forest management (SFM) encompasses three dimensions: ecological, economic and social. A powerful tool to promote SFM are criteria and indicators. The aim of the article was evaluation of SFM in Poland, using one of the methods proposed by the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). According to data available, Polish forestry has a number of advantages: Poland has avoided the problem of deforestation, forest area has been permanently increasing, there has been observed improvement of forest health and vitality as well as a significant share of forests has carried out protective functions with no impact on timber production. Poland’s model of SFM is an adaptive process of balancing the ever-changing set of economic, environmental and social expectations. Such a complicated undertaking requires constant assessing and adjusting forest practices, in response to new circumstances, scientific advances and societal input.

10

Polskie prawo leśne. Cz. 2. Zasady gospodarki leśnej

75%

Radecki W.

Problemy Ekologii

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2005

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tom R. 9, nr 4

171-176

PL

Gospodarka leśna prowadzona w oparciu o ustawę z 28 września 1991 o lasach opiera się na czterech zasadach: 1) powszechnej ochrony lasów, 2) trwałości utrzymania lasów, 3) ciągłości i zrównoważonego wykorzystania wszystkich funkcji lasów, 4) powiększania zasobów leśnych.

EN

Forest management conducted according to the Forest Act of 28 September 1991 is based on four principles: 1) common protection of forests, 2) sustainability in forest maintenance, 3) continuity and sustainable use of all forest functions, 4) increasing of forest resources.

11

Wykorzystanie leśnej mapy numerycznej w nadleśnictwie na przykładzie Regionajnej Dyrekcji Lasów Państwowych w Radomiu

75%

Ostrowski M.

Roczniki Geomatyki

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2006

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tom T. 4, z. 4

93-102

EN

Regional Directorate of State Forests in Radom is the oldest regional directorate in State Forests. It consists of 22 forests districts, of which 12 were subject of investigation in this master.s degree thesis. The aim of this work was to examine actual use of a forest digital maps in forest district. The research carried out proved, that forest digital map is popular among forest officials. The possibility of frequent updating, and constant access to current data allows to take correct decision by the general forester in the forest district, who is responsible for correct course of economic events in forest district.

12

Narodowy Program Leśny

75%

Strykowski W.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2001

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tom R. 57, nr 5

297--298

13

Regeneration of Ostrya carpinifolia Scop. forest after coppicing : modelling of changes in species diversity and composition

75%

Catorci A. , Vitanzi A. , Tardella F. , Hrsak V.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2011

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tom Vol. 59, nr 3

483-494

EN

In temperate forest ecosystems, management is one of the most relevant factors that can drive the temporal pattern of species. As species in an ecosystem show susceptibility to stress and disturbance, it is useful to take into account the plant community .compositional dimension., which derives from species behaviour and ecological attributes and provides information on the mechanisms underlying species assemblages. Taking into account the influence of environmental factors on species diversity and composition, in order to determine the most suitable ecological behaviour type of each species, the research aim was to generate a model for Ostrya carpinifolia coppiced woods (central Italy) that describes forest ecosystem regeneration after coppicing by the assessment of change in the composition of ecological behaviour types. Vascular species cover percentage, field data, soil data, light intensity at the undergrowth, dominant tree layer cover and time since last logging were recorded for 63 plots covering 400 m2 each (20 x 20 m), randomly selected within a set of homogeneous macro-environmental conditions. Low species richness is related to stressing factors (acid soil, high soil skeleton percentage), while high species richness is linked to high light intensity at the undergrowth level due to scarce canopy cover soon after coppicing. The driving forces affecting floristic composition, highlighted through multi-response permutation procedures (MRPP) were light intensity at the undergrowth, regenerative phase, dominant tree layer cover, acidity, presence/absence of outcropping rock or rock fragments and total nitrogen content. Six species groups, each one characterized by homogeneous ecological behaviour, were defined by indicator species analysis (ISA) and tested using bioindication values analysis. Floristic successional change, related to time since last coppicing, turned out to follow an ecological cycling process characterized by cyclical occurrence/disappearance of species belonging to the six groups.

14

Modelling and analyzing timber production and carbon sequestration values of forest ecosystems: a case study

75%

Keles S. , Baskent E. Z.

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nr 3

473-479

EN

The integration of carbon captured by forest ecosystems into forest management planning models has become increasingly more important, particularly in the areas of climate change, land use, and sustainable forest management. The main objective of this work is to develop a multiple-use forest management planning model that focuses on the interactions of net carbon sequestration and timber production opportunities in a forest ecosystem including forest openings. The linear programming model is used to develop various forest management scenarios for a forest that yields timber and carbon objectives. The results of forest management planning scenarios showed that increased net carbon sequestration can be attained at a significant cost in terms of forgone timber harvest and financial returns. Results also showed that reforestation of forest openings and long-term protection of forest ecosystems provides high biomass and carbon storage over the planning horizon.

15

Dead wood complexity shapes the pattern of the occurrence of threatened saproxylic beetle Cucujus cinnaberinus

75%

Goczal J. , Rossa R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2017

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tom 65

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nr 1

EN

Saproxylic beetles are essential for the proper functioning of forest ecosystems. However, intensive forest management has led to the disappearance of suitable microhabitats of many species associated with dead wood. Cucujus cinnaberinus is an endangered saproxylic beetle which develops under the bark of dead wood. The species usually occurs in protected areas, however, some populations inhabit long-term managed forests in Central Europe. In this study, we analyzed the effect of nine silviculture-related and decay-related factors on the C. cinnaberinus microhabitat selection in managed forests. We found that potential sun exposure, bark thickness, dead wood moisture and the hardness of dead wood have a significant effect on the C. cinnaberinus microhabitat selection. The species prefers sun-exposed dead wood with thicker bark at an intermediate stage of decay with undecomposed xylem, but avoids completely dry pieces. Furthermore, we found no confirmation of a direct connection between dead wood diameter and the occurrence of C. cinnaberinus. We stressed that logging residues or stumps are mostly unsuitable for C. cinnaberinus development.

16

Udział Impatjens parviflora dc. w zbiorowiskach leśnych Wyżyny Śląskiej i Płaskowyżu Głubczyckiego

75%

Chmura D. , Orczewska A.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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2004

|

tom Vol. 30, no. 3

117--136

PL

W rezultacie badań fitosocjologicznych, prowadzonych w lasach Wyżyny Śląskiej i Płaskowyżu Głubczyckiego, w latach 1994-2000, stwierdzono obecność Impatiens parviflora w zbiorowiskach borów, borów mieszanych, poprzez lasy mieszane, aż po grupę żyznych lasów liściastych, w tym olsy, łęgi, grądy oraz buczyny. Optimum występowania tego gatunku przypada na grądy typowe. Największe pokrycie osiąga on jednak w silnie zdegenerowanych zbiorowiskach, które wykształciły się wskutek gospodarki zrębowej i nasadzeń.

EN

Phytosociological studies carried out in the forests of Silesian Upland and Głubczyce Plateau during the years 1994-2000 showed a widespread distribution of Impatiens parviflora. It ranges from coniferous and mixed forests to alder carrs, riverside carrs, oak-hombeam phytocoenoses, and beechwood associations. The optimal conditions for Impatiens parviflora are those found in Tilio-Carpinetum typicum. Nevertheless, the highest percentage cover of that species occurred in heavily degenerated communities which were the result of clear-felling and tree planting.

17

Rola certyfikacji FSC® w dbaniu o lasy i budowaniu zrównoważonego łańcucha dostaw

75%

Tymorek K.

Przegląd Papierniczy

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2022

|

tom R. 78, nr 7

376--379

PL

Ponad 25 lat temu, w odpowiedzi na brak porozumienia w sprawie powstrzymania wylesiania na Szczycie Ziemi w Rio de Janeiro, zaangażowana grupa firm, ekologów i liderów społeczności lokalnych połączyła siły, aby stworzyć rewolucyjną koncepcję: dobrowolne, rynkowe podejście, które poprawiłoby praktyki leśne na całym świecie. Oznaczało to narodziny Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Ćwierć wieku temu FSC było pionierem certyfikacji w zakresie zrównoważonego leśnictwa i do dziś pozostaje najbardziej zaufanym systemem certyfikacji gospodarki leśnej.

18

Eksperyment w obrębie Zajma

75%

Gajko K. , Myszkowski M. , Ksepko M.

Geodeta : magazyn geoinformacyjny

|

2009

|

tom nr 1

60-62

PL

Lotniczy skaning laserwoy w urządzaniu lasu. Podczas klasycznych prac urządzania lasu, wykonywanych w ramach kolekcji rewizji planów dla Nadleśnictwa Żedania (Regionalna Dyrekcja Lasów Państwowych w Białymstoki), miejscowy Oddział Biura Urządzania Lasu i Geodezji Leśnej przeprowadził eksperyment polegający na analizie możliwości wsparcia prac z zakresu inwentaryzacji zasobów leśnych i planowania gospodarki leśnej technikami geomatycznymi opartymi na lotniczym skaningu laserowym.

EN

Airborne laser scanning in forest management. Standard forest management work were carried out within the revision of plans for Żednia Forest District (Regional Board of National Forests in Białystok). The local division of Forest Management and Geodesy Bureau has conducted an experiment to investigate the possibility to support inventory of forest resources and forest managemetn planning with geomatic methods based on airbornelaser scanning.

19

Spatial structure of managed beech-dominated forest: applicability of nearest neighbors indices

75%

Szmyt J.

Dendrobiology

|

2012

|

tom 68

EN

High structural diversity is often attributed to old-growth forests, usually established naturally and unmanaged. Forest diversity should be considered not only in terms of species diversity and richness but also the variation in trees dimension and their spatial distribution have to be taken into consideration. The main goal of this paper was the answer if nearest neighbor indices are suitable for spatial forest structure description. To answer this question results obtained from 3 managed beech-dominated forests from natural regeneration are presented and discussed. The following indices were calculated: Clark-Evans aggregation index (R), DBH and height differentiation indices (TD and TH, respectively) and mingling index (DM) analyzing horizontal and vertical spatial structure of the forest. Results indicated that managed beech forests demonstrated rather homogenous spatial structure in both aspects. Living trees as well as future crop trees were mostly regularly distributed. Spatial variation in DBH and height between living nearest neighbors was rather low. The lowest variation in sizes was demonstrated by future crop trees. Mature beech forests revealed single species structure and other tree species – if present – were spatially segregated from beech. It can be supposed that high homogeneity structure of these forests results from biological characteristics of this species as well as thinning treatments conducted by foresters.

20

Drogi leśne : informacje ogólne, klasyfikacja

75%

Frasik A. , Kosek M. , Sokoła M.

Drogi : budownictwo infrastrukturalne

|

2013

|

tom Nr 4 (16)

42-47

PL

Sieć dróg leśnych stanowi podstawowy element umożliwiający prawidłowe funkcjonowanie i rozwój gospodarki leśnej oraz ochronę przeciwpożarową drzewostanów. Obecne potrzeby udostępniania drzewostanów poprzez rozwój i utrzymanie sieci drogowej w Lasach Państwowych są bardzo duże. Zmieniające się ** sposoby pozyskania drewna, zwiększające się gabaryty pojazdów do jego transportu oraz bezpieczeństwo przeciwpożarowe nasuwają konieczność dostosowania parametrów dróg leśnych do zaistniałych warunków.

EN

The paper concerns on the problems connected with designing forest roads. The authors present the classification of such roads and general information about their designing.