Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Chemistry of raw humus vs. chemistry of atmospheric precipitation on the example of pine forests of the Pomeranian Lakeland

100%

Wicik B. , Mikulska M.

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tom 11

51-55

EN

This research, conducted for the purposes of the protection of the National Park Bory Tucholskie, contains the results of the investigation of the chemical composition of humus (forest litter) and of atmospheric precipitation. The gathered material allowed determining the fate (accumulation or removal) of chemical elements contained in the pine forest humus as well as to compare the abundance of nutrients in humus and in atmospheric precipitation.

2

Mite (Acari) occurrence in selected substrates used for a restoration of degraded soils

75%

Klimek A. , Chachaj B. , Gackowski G. , Dąbrowski J.

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tom nr II/1

277--291

EN

The number and groups of mites (Acari) and species composition of oribatid mites (Oribatida) were analysed in three different substrates used for the restoration of degraded soils: (1) pine forest litter, (2) apple orchard litter, and (3) pine chips. The study was conducted in the years 2011-2012, on microplots of the area of 1m2 , established in a belt of trees of a nursery in Białe Błota (Bydgoszcz Forest District). Average biannual mite density per 50 cm3 of the investigated substrates ranged from 14.6 to 54.43 individuals. The highest numbers of mites were found in shredded forest litter and the lowest in pine chips. The most abundant mites in the studied material were oribatid mites, accounting for 57.3 % of these arthropods. The highest number of oribatid mites was found in the forest litter (28), and the lowest (20) in pine chips. The number of species in both types of litter was similar in the first and second year of the study, but it rose three times in the pine chips substrate over the study period. Oribatid species in the litter substrates were dominated by the eurytopic Tectocepheus velatus, and the most abundant species in the pine chips substrate was Oribatula tibialis. The experiment indicated a possibility of practical use of the shredded litter in the reintroduction of soil mesofauna and soil regeneration. This may facilitate the soil inoculation process, e.g., by using seeders specially adapted for this purpose. Additionally, a quick colonization of wood chips by acarofauna may suggest the possibility of using them as an excellent substrate for soil regeneration.

3

The Use of Chosen Biological Methods for Forest Soil Revitalization in Scots Pine Cultivation

75%

Klimek A. , Rolbiecki S. , Rolbiecki R. , Gackowski G. , Stachowski P. , Jagosz B.

Rocznik Ochrona Środowiska

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2020

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tom Tom 22, cz. 2

1097--1115

EN

The purpose of this investigation was to indicate the most effective method of revitalizing degraded forest area. The different modifications of wood chips were used as a substitute for humus layer. The mites (Acari), and moss mites (Oribatida) as the bio-indicators of soil succession changes were used. The study began 2 years after planting of Scots pine seedlings on the land devastated by military activity, at the former military training ground (GPS: 53.156943N, 17.986440E). The soil on this area was in the type of rusty soils and subtype of the rusty algae soils. Scots pine seedlings were planted in spring 2011, in a distance 1.5×0.8 m. In one-factor experiment four soil mulching treatments were tested: 1. uncovered soil – control (C), 2. soil mulched with wood chips (W), 3. W + mycorrhizal preparation (WM), 4. W + forest litter (WL). Three replicates of microplots arrangement was applied. Each microplot was 5 m long with 3 rows of Scots pine. Each replication covers 10 rows. Mulching with wood chips was carried out on April 12, 2012. On October 25, 2012, the wood chips on the WM microplots were inoculated with the mycorrhizal biopreparation, and on the WL microplots, a 10% addition of fresh forest litter from the ripe fresh coniferous forest was applied. After the end of the growing season of 2012, 2013 and 2014, the measurement of the plants was carried out (the height, the root neck diameter, the length of one-year increments in the last whorl, the number of one-year increments of the last whorl and the lengths of one-year increments of the last whorl). The samples for acarological tests were collected four times. In total, 40 substrate samples with a volume of 50 cm3 each were collected from each treatment. Mites extraction was carried out for 7 days in Tullgren apparatus. Mites were identified to the order, and moss mites to the species or genus, including juvenile stages. Calculated: the average density of mites, the dominance index, the species richness, the diversity of moss mites, the average number of species, and the Shannon general species diversity index. The use of soil mulching with the Scots pine wood chips did not significantly affect the growth and developmental characteristics of the Scots pine plants. After mulching with wood chips, the total number of mites increased many times, and moss mites began to dominate among micro-arthropods. Mulching treatments increased the number and the species diversity of moss mites in the substrate. The number of moss mites increased the most in wood chips without additives. The highest species diversity was observed in the wood chips with the addition of forest litter. Among moss mites Tectocepheus velatus visibly dominated in all study treatments. Oppiella nova and Scutovertex sculptus also constituted numerous mites populations. The study shows that the wood chips are very useful for use in the regeneration of the devastated and degraded forest soils.

4

Certesella larai (Amoebozoa: Arcellinida: Hyalospheniformes) a new soil testate amoeba species from the Dominican Republic and Chile challenges the definition of genera Certesella and Porosia

75%

Bobrov A. , Duckert C. , Mitchell E. A. D.

Acta Protozoologica

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2021

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tom 60

61-75

EN

Microbial diversity is known to be huge but remains only partly documented. Testate amoebae are a relatively well studied group or free-living protists that build morphologically characteristic shells on which the taxonomy of this group is mainly based. Among testate amoebae, the Hyalospheniformes are especially well documented and are a model group for microbial biogeography. Here we describe a new species of genus Certesella from Sphagnum mosses and forest litter samples collected in the Dominican Republic and Chile. We name this species Certesella larai to honour our esteemed colleague Enrique Lara. This species bears two large pores connected by tube, which are characteristic of the genera Porosia and Certesella. The new species fits best in the latter genus given the presence of a distinct, sometimes denticulated, neck with a bulge that is absent in genus Porosia but occurs in Certesella. Its elongated shape (length/breadth ratio 2.03–2.58) only overlaps with C. certesi, which is distinguishable by the presence of a distinct longitudinal groove in the neck region that is absent from the new species. Interestingly most specimens lacked the internal teeth which are usually present in members of genus Certesella. As such, while the morphology of C. larai strongly suggests a belonging to genus Certesella, molecular analyses are still required to confirm its phylogenetic position, clarify the relationships among all species in genera Porosia and Certesella and the definition and validity of these two genera. The presence of this new species in two rather distant regions – Caribbean and central Chile – suggests it is likely widespread, but possibly rare. However, this perception may be due to a sampling bias in favour of Sphagnum mosses and wet and organic-rich habitats. This illustrates the need for a more systematic sampling effort to document the full and mostly unknown taxonomic diversity of soil protists.

5

Number of sawfly [Hymenoptera, Diprioninae] cocoons in forest litter at selected distances from anthills

63%

Korczynski I. , Skrzypczyk-Adamska B.

Forestry

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2001

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tom 04

6

An attempt to compare two methods to determine population size of pine foliophages wintering in forest litter

63%

Korczynski I. , Remenda K.

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nr 2

7

Influence of sewage sludge composts with straw or ash on oribatid mites (Acari, Oribatida) from pine forest litter in laboratory conditions

51%

Klimek A. , Chachaj B. , Kosakowski L.

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tom 48

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nr 1

8

Some noteworthy fungi occurring on mites

51%

Balazy S. , Wisniewski J. , Kaczmarek S.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

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1987

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tom 35

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nr 7-9

9

Heavy Metals Concentration and Extractability in Forest Litters in the Area Impacted by Copper Smelter Near Legnica

51%

Medyńska A. , Kabała C.

Ecological Chemistry and Engineering. A

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2010

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tom Vol. 17, nr 8

981-989

EN

Three permanent study areas, each consisting of four sarapling sites, located at distances of 500, 1500 and 2100 m from emission source, were established iii poplar plantings surrounding a large copper smelter near the town Legnica in Lower Silesia region of SW Poland. Total content as well as water and acetic acid extractable contents of Cu. Za. Fe, Ca and Mg were analyzed in saraples of forest litter (ectohumus) collected in November 2007. The total content of Cu reached 9590 mg o kg-1, and Zn - 4020 mg o kg-1 d.m. in the site located 500 m away of smelter, and rapidly decreased with distance, while the content of Fe, Ca and Mg decreased insignificantly. Up to 0.5 % of total Cu and up to 1.2 % of total Zn was in water-extractable form, while 0.11 mol o dm-3 acetic acid released up to 7.2 % of Cu and 41 % of Zn, and more than 50 % of total Ca and Mg. Copper and zinc are immobilized in alkaline litter under poplar stands surrounding copper smelter, but any factor acidifying the litter may rapidly enhance solubility of accumulated heavy metals.

PL

Trzy stałe powierzchnie obserwacyjne, każda obejmująca po cztery punkty pobierania próbek, zlokalizowane w odległości 500, 1500 i 2100 m od źródła emisji zostały założone na obszarze zadrzewionym topolą wokół dużej huty miedzi w pobliżu Legnicy, w południowo-zachodniej Polsce. W próbkach próchnic nadkładowych pobranych w listopadzie 2007 r. analizowano całkowitą zawartość Cu. Zn, Fe, Ca i Mg oraz zawartość form rozpuszczalnych w wodzie i 0.11 mol o dm kwasie octowym. Całkowita zawartość miedzi w ściółce osiągała poziom 9590 mg o kg-1 suchej masy. a cynku -1020 mg o kg-1 s.m. na powierzchni zlokalizowanej 500 m od huty i raptownie zmniejszała się wraz z odległością.. Zawartość Po, Ca i .Mg w ściółkach również zmniejszała się wraz z odległością, lecz w znacznie mniejszym stopniu niż Cu i Zn. Do 0,5 % całkowitej zawartości Cu i do 1,2 % całkowitej zawartości Zn występowało w analizowanych ściółkach w formach rozpuszczalnych w wodzie destylowanej. 0.11 mol o dm-3 kwas octowy uwalniał nawet do 7.2 % całkowitej zawartości Cu i do 41 % całkowitej zawartości Zn oraz ponad 50 % całkowitej ilości Ca i Mg. Miedź i cynk są słabo rozpuszczalne w warunkach alkalicznego odczynu próchnic nadkładowych w drzewostanach topolowych, lecz jakichkolwiek naturalny lub antropogenny czynnik prowadzący do zakwaszenia ściółek może spowodować raptowny wzrost rozpuszczalności nagromadzonych metali ciężkich.

10

Zinc and copper concentrations in litter invertebrates of different trophic levels and taxonomic positions

51%

Maryanski M. , Niklinska M. , Kramarz P. , Laskowski R. , Nuorteva P.

Archiwum Ochrony Środowiska

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1995

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nr 3-4

11

Forest litter bacteria: relationships with fungi, microfauna, and litter composition over a winter-spring period

51%

Krivtsov V. , Liddell K. , Bezginova T. , Salmond R. , Staines H. J. , Watling R. , Garside A. , Thompson J. A. , Griffiths B. S. , Brendler A.

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nr 3

EN

This paper presents data on temporal and spatial variability and ecological interactions of bacteria in a Scottish woodland over a winter – spring period (January – April). The study sites covered an area of 1 ha and a range of woodland habitats formed by beech (Fagus silvatica), birch (Betula pendula × pubescens) and oak (Quercus petraea), as well as (one site) a clearance site covered with grass (predominantly Holcus lanatus). Subsamples of fresh litter were fragmented for 60 s in a domestic food processor and were subsequently used to estimate the abundance of bacteria by counting under a fluorescent microscope. The preparation of bacterial slides involved staining with DTAF following extraction in phosphate buffer. The data on protozoa, fungi and microinvertebrates were available from parallel research and were obtained using standard methods. Numbers of bacteria appeared to be lower in sites dominated by beech. The highest average bacterial abundance (9.07 × 108 cells g⁻¹ dry litter) was registered in January, and then gradually declined till March, when the lowest (7.37 × 10⁸ cells g⁻¹ dry litter) value was found, before rising again in April. The only significant difference revealed by one-way ANOVA was between January and March results. Both date and site effects were found to be significant by two-way ANOVA, but the date × site interaction was not significant. A number of significant relationships were registered by stepwise regression analysis, ANCOVA, and correlation analysis. In stepwise regression analysis, the most important predictor for bacterial density was litter moisture content (all months but March). Further significant relationships were revealed with the abundance of fungi, nematodes, and microarthropods, and forest litter fractions of moss, needles, beech seeds and birch leaves. ANCOVA confirmed the importance of interactions with litter composition and moisture content, and the abundance of fungi and microarthropods, and revealed a relationship with the abundance of ciliates. Correlation analysis for separate months revealed various relationships with forest litter composition (including positive – with forest litter fractions of oak leaves, grass, roots, birch leaves, and negative ones – with forest litter fractions of ferns and seeds), and the abundance of other microbiota, including positive with Folsomia candida (Insecta, Apterygota, Collembola), fungi, plant and microbial feeding nematodes, tardigrades and enchytraeids, positive and negative with ciliates, and negative with predatory nematodes. Most of these relationships, plus a further correlation with the abundance of amoebae, were also revealed for the combined dataset. It should be noted that some of these interactions (e.g. with % grass, % roots, the density of Folsomia candida) were only revealed by correlation analysis, and may therefore be judged as less important than relationships registered by all statistical methods applied. The results of this study highlighted the complexity of multivariate interactions of bacteria in forest litter.

12

Processes of litter fall and decomposition: boreal-temperate transect studies of pine ecosystems

51%

Breymeyer A.

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2003

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tom 51

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nr 4

EN

The processes of litter production and decomposition were studied in pine and mixed pine forests (10 sites) distributed along the N-S transect in Europe. The transect stretched from 70°N in Northern Finland and Norway to 50°N in Southern Poland. Mean annual temperatures change regularly along the transect from -1.9 to +7.4°C, while precipitation does not show any distinct pattern. Annual production and decomposition of litter are stimulated by warming. The primary factors governing the rates of both processes are related to thermic regime, most frequently to the long-term temperatures registered in the meteorological stations in the vicinity of sites. Correlation between decomposition rate and temperature (R2) range from 0.75 to 0.93, between decomposition rate and latitude from 0.72 to 0.80, and between decomposition rate and precipitation from 0.52 to 0.63 (in the last case only correlations with long-term precipitation are significant). Correlation coefficients R2 between litterfall and temperature range from 0.53 to 0.80, between litterfall-latitude from 0.72 to 0.80, and between litterfall-precipitation from 0.52 to 0.63 (significant only for long-term precipitation). With increasing temperature decomposition rates increase from about 0.09 g.g⁻¹.y⁻¹ (needles 0.13 g.g⁻¹.y ⁻¹, wood 0.06 g.g⁻¹.y⁻¹) in the North to about 0.32 g.g⁻¹.y⁻¹ (needles 0.41 g.g⁻¹.y ⁻¹, wood 0.18 g.g⁻¹.y⁻¹) in the South. Litterfall increases from 103.19 g.m⁻².y⁻¹ (in this needles 56.73 g.m⁻².y⁻¹, wood 45.59 g.m ⁻².y⁻¹) in the North, to about 419.36 g.m ⁻².y⁻¹ (needles 203.95 g.m⁻².y⁻¹, wood 203.56 g.m⁻².y⁻¹) in the South. OM annual accumulation increases southward, ranging from about 100 (North) to about 370 (South) grams per m2. Accumulation is strongly connected with air temperatures on the sites (correlation coefficients (R2) at around 0.9).

13

Impact of forest litter of Alnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn., Alnus incana (L.) Moench, Alnus viridis (Chaix) Lam. et DC, Abies alba Mill., and Fagus sylvatica L. on chosen soil properties

44%

Brozek S. , Wanic T.

Electronic Journal of Polish Agricultural Universities. Series: Forestry

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2002

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tom 05

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nr 1

14

Wpływ materii organicznej na zmiany rozpuszczalności metali ciężkich w glebach zanieczyszczonych w świetle literatury

44%

Cuske M. , Karczewska A.

Zeszyty Naukowe. Inżynieria Środowiska / Uniwersytet Zielonogórski

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2016

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tom nr 162 (42)

39--59

PL

Artykuł przedstawia przegląd literatury poświęconej problematyce wpływu materii organicznej na zmiany rozpuszczalności metali ciężkich w glebach zanieczyszczonych. W procesach remediacji powszechnie stosuje się różne rodzaje materii organicznej w celu zwiększenia zdolności sorpcyjnej gleb i immobilizacji metali, jednak często opisywane są niepożądane efekty polegające na wzroście rozpuszczalności metali w wyniku zastosowania takich dodatków organicznych, jak węgiel brunatny, nawozy organiczne, osady ściekowe, komposty i biowęgiel. Tym doniesieniom poświęcono szczególną uwagę. Omówiono także tematykę zagrożeń związanych z formowaniem się i dekompozycją ściółek na zalesionych obszarach zdegradowanych.

EN

The article presents a critical review of literature focused on the influence of organic matter on the changes in solubility of heavy metals in contaminated soils. Various kinds of organic matter are commonly used in remediation processes in order to increase soil sorption capacity and to immobilize heavy metals. Several papers reported, however, unwished-for effects of those measures, that involved an increase in the solubility of metals caused by application of organic amendments, including brown coal (lignite), organic fertilizers, sewage sludge, composts, and biochar. This review focuses particularly on such effects. Additionally, the hazards associated with formation and decomposition of forest litter in degraded areas after their forestation, have also been discussed.