Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Genetyczna identyfikacja człowieka – zarys historii kryminalistycznych badań DNA

100%

Tucholska-Lenart A.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2016

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tom 61

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nr 3

7–42

EN

This overview presents the history of implementation of DNA testing into Polish forensic practice, possibilities of contemporary methods of identification of biological trace evidence, dead bodies and human remains as well as prospects related to the development of identification of offenders. In 2015, 25 years passed since the implementation of molecular biology techniques into Polish forensic practice. These novel methods and technologies have added an unprecedented dimension to human identification, wherein a unique DNA profile can be nowadays determined from samples containing as little as 2ng /2x10-9g/ DNA. In 1985, Alec Jeffreys, a geneticist from the University of Leicester reported that the human genome contains simple oligonucleotide repeats with identical sequence, yet different patterns in terms of the number of repeats and frequencies among individuals. Since an infinite number of such patterns is possible, a unique characteristics can be conferred on every single individual in a population. This discovery, along with the development of novel molecular biology tools, have opened the way for the introduction of DNA testing into forensic medicine (settling the cases of disputed paternity and kinship) and forensic proceedings (individual identification of offenders based on analysis of biological traces). The so-called DNA fingerprinting method enabled individual identification, which constituted a major breakthrough in quality of biological trace analysis. In Poland, the above method was introduced by Prof. R. Słomski from the Institute of Human Genetics of the Polish Academy of Sciences. On 15 May 1989, Prof. Słomski presented the Court with a forensic expertise containing unquestionable conclusions, based on the results of analysis conducted in accordance with the novel method. In the same year, the team led by Prof. Słomski was granted the State Award of the 1st Class for implementing molecular biology methods into Polish forensic practice. The years 1992-94 saw the introduction into forensic analyses of a molecular biology technique referred to as the Polymerase Chain Reaction, developed by K. Mullis, which constitutes a quantitative breakthrough in that it allows to analyze biological trace evidence containing as little as 2ng /2x10-9g/ DNA. In Poland, the DNA amplification reaction was pioneered by Prof. R. Słomski in August 1989, whereas in December 1992 the DNA from biological trace evidence was for the first time amplified by Dr. A. Tucholska-Lenart in the laboratory of the Internal Security Agency. The introduction of highly polymorphic repetitive sequences (STRs) and the development of advanced molecular technologies and techniques at the end of the nineties led to automation of DNA analyses and adoption of European standards, which facilitated international cooperation and comparability of laboratory results. Such endeavors are increasingly coordinated by Interpol, as well as by the ENFSI DNA Working Group. Presently, STR analysis is routinely used both in forensics (identification of biological traces and offenders) and in forensic medicine (settling the cases of disputed paternity and identification of dead bodies and human remains). Nowadays, the eyes of scientists and practitioners are on laser microdissection technology, which allows to recover single cells from biological trace evidence and can be subsequently used in molecular analyses aimed at determining an offender’s DNA profile. The implementation of this technique in Poland was concluded in the year 2011 by the team led by Dr. R. Wierzchoslawski at the Forensic Laboratory of the Internal Security Agency, as part of research and development of the project „AriaDNA 2010” No. 0R00002712, funded by the National Centre for Research and Development.

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Dokumentacja medyczna elementem bezpieczeństwa pracy ratownika medycznego

100%

Susło R. , Paplicki M. , Kozakiewicz M. , Drobnik J.

Prawo

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2017

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nr 323

151-160

EN

Emergency medicine serves providing both pre-hospital medical services directly at emergency site and during transportation, and hospital emergency services at hospital emergency wards that result from previous rescue activities. Filling in medical documents is akey element ofparamedic’s activities indifferent of employing institution; as in Poland they are kept predominantly in paper form a cyberattack risk is low in this case. Keeping correct and proper medical records plays key role in ensuring both patient’s medical safety and paramedic’s formal and legal safety, including cases of suspected medical error. It is troublesome because ofcharacteristics of paramedic’s job that include in particular multitasking, time andresponsibility pressure and resulting in stress.

3

Involvement of medical experts in legal proceedings: an e-learning approach

100%

Dygut J. , Płonka S. , Roterman-Konieczna I.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2014

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tom Vol. 10, no. 3

159--165

EN

E-learning programs based on the “Virtual Patient” paradigm familiarize students with the process of combining information derived from different branches of medical science. In addition, medical practice often requires paralegal knowledge – for example, when determining the degree of disability or taking part in medical malpractice proceedings. This paper serves as an introduction to inclusion of modern IT tools in teaching curricula. Such tools are available to almost every student of medical sciences and frequently employ the “Virtual Patient” concept mentioned above. For the purposes of our study, we have prepared a selection of training materials using the CASUS software. The specific features of our study include involvement in legal proceedings based on a retrospective approach, i.e., reconstruction of past events.

4

The role of primary care physicians in enabling validation of a patient’s ability to make legal statements and express a last will

88%

Trnka J. , Drobnik J. , Susło R.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2017

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nr 3

319-322

5

88%

Drobnik J. , Trnka J. , Susło R.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2017

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nr 3

298-302

6

Sądowo-lekarskie problemy przy określaniu przyczyny zgonu w przypadku osób starszych, które zmarły w niejasnych okolicznościach

75%

Susło R. , Siuta J. , Trnka J. , Gęsicki M. , Drobnik J. , Akademia Medyczna we Wrocławiu K. i. Z. M. S. , Akademia Medyczna we Wrocławiu K. i. Z. M. S. , Akademia Medyczna we Wrocławiu K. i. Z. M. S. , Akademia Medyczna we Wrocławiu K. i. Z. M. S. , Akademia Medyczna we Wrocławiu K. i. Z. M. R.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2013

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tom 297

EN

An analysis have been performed of the autopsies performed in the years 2008–2009 at the Forensic Medicine Department, Medical University, Wrocław, Poland to choose the death cases of people aged 60 years and above. Using the results of the review of the literature and the autopsy reports 4 main groups of problems influencing the forensic practitioners work, pertaining the old people, have been identified: loneliness and isolation resulting in quite a big delay in finding out corpses and advanced post-mortem changes at the time of autopsy, old people susceptibility to serious injuries resulting from even minor trauma, coexisting advanced chronic diseases complicating the decision whether or not they constituted a real cause of death and susceptibility of the old people corpses to post-mortem changes. It has been successfully connected to the forensic autopsy results. The abovementioned issues constitute the specific problems in forensic opinion giving in cases of the old people deaths. The high incidence of various level alcohol intoxication in old people who died because of various causes suggests that the problem of alcohol abuse in this age group may be of quite a big importance.

PL

Przeanalizowano materiał sekcyjny Zakładu Medycyny Sądowej we Wrocławiu z lat 2008–2009 i wybrano przypadki zgonów osób powyżej 60. r.ż. W oparciu o wyniki badań sekcyjnych i literaturę wyodrębniono 4 główne grupy mających wpływ na pracę medyka sądowego problemów dotyczących osób starszych, takie jak: samotność i izolacja powodujące opóźnienia w ujawnieniu zwłok i znaczny stopień zaawansowania ich zmian pośmiertnych w chwili badania, podatność na poważne obrażenia w wyniku urazów o stosunkowo niewielkiej sile, zaawansowanie współistniejących chorób przewlekłych utrudniające ustalenie ich rzeczywistego wpływu na zgon oraz łatwość występowania na zwłokach osób starszych zmian pośmiertnych. Na podstawie analizy wyników sekcji zwłok wykazano, iż problemy te znajdują swe odbicie w wynikach sądowo-lekarskich sekcji zwłok. Wymienione zagadnienia stanowią o specyficznych trudnościach w opiniowaniu sądowo-lekarskim dotyczącym zgonów osób w podeszłym wieku. Znaczna częstość stwierdzanego u zmarłych z różnych przyczyn osób starszych różnego stopnia zatrucia alkoholem może wskazywać na istotność problemu nadużywania alkoholu w tej grupie wiekowej.

7

Current threats to medical data security in family doctors’ practices

75%

Susło R. , Trnka J. , Drobnik J.

Family Medicine & Primary Care Review

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2017

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nr 3

313-318

8

Skanowanie 3D jako metoda obrazowania złożonych i rozległych relacji przestrzennych dla potrzeb medycyny sądowej i kryminalistyki - ocena przydatności

75%

Maksymowicz K. , Kobielarz M. , Jurek T.

Wiadomości Konserwatorskie

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2009

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tom Nr 26

689-695

PL

Oparta na skanerze laserowym 3D metoda dokumentacji otworzyła nowe horyzonty dla medycyny sądowej i kryminalistyki, głównie ze względu na jej zdolność faktycznie 'zamrożenia' jakiegokolwiek miejsca przestępstwa. Niektóre cechy, takie jak wysoka rozdzielczość zapisywania danych tworzących obraz, zachowując badany przedmiot w stanie nietkniętym, szybkość gromadzenia danych, możliwość bieżącego zapisu danych w postaci pliku i przesyłania ich na dowolną odległość, niski koszt pojedynczych oględzin, prostota konserwacji skanera, jego mobilność, niezależność od zewnętrznych źródeł energii, możliwości kooperacji z każdym rodzajem narzędzia badawczego operującego w technice cyfrowej, stawiają skaner 3D w roli przydatnego i wszechstronnego narzędzia w codziennej praktyce medycyny sądowej i kryminalistyki.

EN

Based on 3D laser scanner method of documentation has opened new prospects for forensic medicine and crime detection, mainly in respect to its ability to virtually efreezei any crime scene. Some features like high resolution of the imaging data recording, preserving the examined object in intact state, speed of data collection, possibility of instant data filing and transmission at any distance, low cost of singular examination, simplicity of scanner maintenance, its mobility, independence from an external source of energy, possibility of cooperation with every kind of research tool working in digital technique, put the 3D scanner as a useful and versatile tool in everyday forensic medicine and crime detection practice.

9

Use of DNA analysis of histopathological specimens in species identification for purposes of forensic veterinary medicine

75%

Malewski T. , Soltyszewski I. , Karazniewicz J. , Szarek J. , Babinska I. , Wasowicz K. , Dzikowski A.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2019

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tom 75

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nr 05

EN

In some legal proceedings, the species identification of animal on the basis of fragments of biological material is extremely difficult. This applies both to closely-related and to distant species characterized by similar morphological features. In such circumstances, methods of molecular biology are used, whose evidential value is definitely not in doubt. Histopathological scraps may also have to be used for identifying tests. The aim of the present study was to verify the possibility of using DNA analysis in determining the species of animals on the basis of biological material contained in archival histopathological samples. The examined material consisted of twenty-eight histopathological preparations stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The samples had been prepared from the liver, kidney, spleen, and skeletal muscles. Their age varied from one to seventeen years. Specimens (from twelve species) were identified by inputting sequences in the Barcode of Life Database species identification tool on the basis of the similarity percentage figure from the BOLD report. It was found that genetic tests can effectively identify animal species through the analysis of biological material from histopathological samples.

10

Forensic multidimesnional reconstruction as based on post-mortem image examination and spherical photography

75%

Wielki R.

Zeszyty Naukowe / Wyższa Szkoła Oficerska Wojsk Lądowych im. gen. T. Kościuszki

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2017

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tom Nr 1

146--154

EN

The aim of the paper is to present the methods of creating multi-dimensional reconstructions used in modern forensic medicine and state-of-the-art autopsy technique. Making use of the computer tomography technology and sophisticated software by the forensic pathologists allows a new standard of quality to be introduced into the forensic medical examination and hitherto unprecedented effects to be obtained. These developments significantly enhance the information available to the expert, particularly in case where an incident involved the use of firearms, the presence of foreign object in the body of the deceased, or advanced decay of the corps. Furthermore, the paper touches upon a subject of attempting a spatial photographic reconstruction of the scene of incident using the techniques applied in spherical photography and commercial-off-the-shelf compute software. Irrespectively of the advancements in the forensic techniques, it is worth taking a look at the proposed changes of the forensic paradigm relative to data analysis. The novel methods expand the scope of the detection process which, in turn, can contribute to increase of crime fighting efficiency.

11

Differentiating age and sex in vertebral body CT scans – Texture analysis versus deep learning approach

75%

Nurzynska K. , Piórkowski A. , Strzelecki M. , Kociołek M. , Banyś R. P. , Obuchowicz R.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2024

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tom Vol. 44, no. 1

20--30

EN

The automated analysis of computed tomography (CT) scans of vertebrae, for the purpose of determining an individual’s age and sex constitutes a vital area of research. Accurate assessment of bone age in children facilitates the monitoring of their growth and development. Moreover, the determination of both age and sex has significant relevance in various legal contexts involving human remains. We have built a dataset comprising CT scans of vertebral bodies from 166 patients of diverse genders, acquired during routine cardiac examinations. These images were rescaled to 8-bit data, and textural features were computed using the qMaZda software. The results were analysed employing conventional machine learning techniques and deep convolutional networks. The regression model, developed for the automatic estimation of bone age, accurately determined patients’ ages, with a mean absolute error of 3.14 years and R2 = 0.79. In the context of classifying patient gender through textural analysis supported by machine learning, we achieved an accuracy of 69 %. However, the application of deep convolutional networks for this task yielded a slightly lower accuracy of 59 %.

12

Fatal and non-fatal poisonings with drugs in a medico-legal aspect in the material of the Institute of Forensic Medicine and Toxicological Clinic Collegium Medicum Jagiellonian University in the years 1987-1998

75%

Klys M. , Rutkiewicz A. , Szkolnicka B. , Bujak-Gizycka B.

Acta Poloniae Toxicologica

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2000

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tom 08

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nr 1

13

Warunki organizacyjne toksykologii w Polsce w latach 1944-1978 Cz. I. Zakłady medycyny sądowej, farmakologii i toksykologii

63%

Zamiara K.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2011

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tom R. 56, nr 2

175-214

14

K užití české anatomické nomenklatury v současné soudnělékařské praxi

63%

Nečas P. , Hejna P.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2010

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tom 93

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nr 1

25-36

EN

The paper describes the medicolegal language style of texts which are often meant for non-medical scholars. We concentrate on the contemporary requirements for the language style of medicolegal texts as found in academic publications. Traditionally, the Czech language has been used in forensic medicine instead of Latin (words with Latin roots). The core of the paper is a list and analysis of the anatomical terms extracted from autopsy protocols. We focus on the names of anatomical structures which do not have established Czech names. The possibilities of future research concerning the standardization of Czech anatomical nomenclature for speech recognition (e.g. autopsy protocols) are indicated.

15

Analiza możliwości zastosowania metod sztucznej inteligencji w medycynie sądowej

63%

Filipowicz E. , Kwiecień J. , Kłys M. , Filipowicz B.

Bio-Algorithms and Med-Systems

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2005

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tom Vol. 1, no. 1/2

3--8

PL

Artykuł opisuje zastosowanie nowych systemów bioinformatycznych w medycynie sądowej. Systemy biometryczne już znalazły zastosowanie między innymi w geometrycznej identyfikacji twarzy. Są one niezbędne w identyfikacji osobowej oraz w poszukiwaniu osób zaginionych. W ostatnich latach nastąpił bardzo szybki rozwój badań nad chromosomem Y, co pozwoliło na postęp w medycynie sądowej. Metody sztucznej inteligencji mogąbyć pomocne w badaniach spornego ojcostwa i ewolucji człowieka. Bioinformatyka oraz metody biologii molekularnej, metody multiplex PCR będą pełnić bardzo ważną funkcję w analizie sądowej DNA oraz w historycznych i genealogicznych badaniach.

EN

This article reviews new bioinformatic systems in forensic medicine. Biometric systems are already used in forensic medicine for face geometry identification. They are necessary in personal identification and missing persons investigations. The field of Y-chromosome analysis and its application to forensic science has undergone rapid improvement in recent years. Artificial Intelligence is usefull in paternity testing and in human evolutionary study. Bioinformatic systems and multiplex PCR assay w ill play an important role in the future of forensic DNA typing and historical and genealogical research.

16

Sprawozdanie z Kongresu Medycyny Sądowej i Społecznej w Zurychu 10-13 IX 1958

63%

Grzymala S.

Roczniki Państwowego Zakładu Higieny

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1959

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tom 10

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nr 1

17

Investigation of opacity development in the human eye for estimation of the postmortem interval

63%

Cantürk İ. , Çelik S. , Feyzi Şahin M. , Yağmur F. , Kara S. , Karabiber F.

Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 37, no. 3

559--565

EN

Estimation of the postmortem interval (PMI) has attracted the attention of many researchers. It is generally accepted as a challenging task in forensic medicine. Due to its difficulty, researchers have tried to estimate the PMI using different physical and chemical techniques. Since the PMI estimation accuracies of previous studies are not at the desired level, new methods should be developed to more accurately estimate the PMI. The development of opacity in the eye in the PMI might be an important breakthrough in this field. After death, corneal hydration occurs due to degenerated endothelial cells. The degenerated endothelial barrier of the cornea cannot prevent the flow of aqueous humor to the cornea, which results in opacity. The amount of aqueous humor in the cornea determines the level of opacity. Since the flow of aqueous humor to the cornea will continue for a while, opacity is expected to increase with the PMI. In this study, images of human eyes were investigated using computer-based image analysis. The corneal and non-corneal opacities of the recorded eye images increase during the experiment. The experimental results prove that there is a correlation between the elapsed time after death and the development of opacity in the corneal and non-corneal regions in human cases. Exponential curve fitting is employed to observe the decay of the opacity over time. A repeated ANOVA test is also used to show that the opacity development is statistically significant.

18

Imaging techniques as a method of sectional examination in forensic veterinary medicine

63%

Grela M. , Listos P. , Gryzinska M. , Chagowski W. , Buszewicz G. , Teresinski G.

Medycyna Weterynaryjna

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2018

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tom 74

|

nr 12

EN

An autopsy or necropsy can be performed only once; therefore, its proper execution is of fundamental importance in explaining the cause of death. The protocol with photographic documentation is an integral part of the autopsy, but sometimes it does not fully reflect the state of the body and the pathological changes observed at each stage of the procedure. These shortcomings are addressed by modern imaging techniques, which are increasingly used during the autopsy of human bodies, but quite rarely during necropsy of animals. Non-invasive techniques (CT, MRI, or photogrammetry with laser body scanning), or in some cases also minimally invasive techniques (biopsy), enable comprehensive analysis of the carcass, but Virtopsy is only a supplement to the classical autopsy, especially in veterinary forensic medicine.

19

Sex differences in the bony pelvis of the fruit-eating bat, Eidolon helvum

63%

Nwoha P. U.

Folia Morphologica

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2000

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tom 59

|

nr 4

EN

Investigation into the bony pelvis of the fruit-eating bat, Eidolon helvum, revealed differences in the pelvic dimensions. The pubic joint of the female consists of interpubic ligament that increased in length until puberty. In the juvenile male Eidolon the pubic joint consists of ligament. Ossification of the interpubic ligament in the male is not an adult phenomenon but begins at the juvenile stage. In the adult the distance from the ischial tuberosity to the iliac crest, from the ischial tuberosity to the medial end of the pubis, and the outlet anteroposterior diameter of the pelvis, were significantly higher in the male than in the female. This indicates that the hip bone in the male is longer in both the vertical (height) and transverse (width) measurements than in the female. The dimensions of the adult pelvic inlet and outlet transverse diameters were significantly higher in the female than in the male. This indicates that the female pelvic canal is wider than the male and this is a consequence of the female interpubic ligament.

20

Sergiusz Leonard Schilling-Siengalewicz [1886-1951] - Professor of forensic medicine and toxicology in Vilnius and Poznan

63%

Dwiecki P.

Acta Toxicologica

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2005

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tom 13

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nr 1