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1

Prawnie istotne aspekty interpretacji językoznawczej – przykład 2: zakres znaczeniowy leksemu zboczeniec (i czy jest nim homoseksualista?)

100%

Szczyszek M.

Poznańskie Studia Polonistyczne. Seria Językoznawcza

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2021

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tom 28

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nr 1

153-170

EN

In the article, I discuss the legal aspects of language: using linguistic analyses for the benefit of the courts. I discuss linguists’ court communication situation and the expectations towards them. The starting point is one exemplary court case in which an expert linguist was appointed to issue an opinion on the evidence. The conclusions fall into two categories: linguistics and forensic science. Linguistic conclusions, developed in accordance with traditional methods of lexicographic analysis and lexicological and semantic analysis, are not necessarily (because they would not have to be) innovative for linguists. It was more important to show the situation of a linguist in court, the structure of judicial opinion and the procedures for building the linguistic response to a process inquiry as seen from the forensic perspective.

2

TO THE RECOMMENDATION OF USING “LINGUISTIC FINGERPRINTS” IN THE CRIMINAL PROCEDURE

75%

ELEK B.

Comparative Legilinguistics

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2016

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tom 28

119-136

EN

The author is a High Court judge of Criminal Division, and university lecturer. He wrote his PhD dissertation “Influencing testimonies in the criminal procedure” in 2008. His field of research includes the common area of forensics and applied linguistics, forensic linguistics. In his present research, he is discussing the questions of using linguistic evidence in forensics and criminal procedures, primarily from the perspective of identification and verification theory. It occurs more and more often that a forensic linguist is hired during the criminal procedure, who assists in drawing conclusions about the authors and the making of different texts by analyzing them. A forensic linguistics expert may also provide a lot of information on the linguistic data coming from what was heard during the confessions (effects of word usage, sentence structure, wording, stereotypes). This is important when searching for the truth in criminal cases because often the meaning of linguistic communication is not found in the particular words. Thus the judge is expected during making a decision to be familiar with the accomplishments of forensic linguistics, and of other related sciences, such as sociology, sociolinguistics, and psychology. The research method is the study of forensic files. The aim of his research is to lower the rate of false judicial decisions, and to increase the extent to which judges' decisions cover reality.

3

Saturnin dvakrát jinak : příspěvek k identifikaci autora

63%

Musilová V. , Nováková V.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

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2019

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tom 102

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nr 3

205-218

EN

The aim of this article is to verify whether and to what extent the imitation of another person’s writing style is possible. For this purpose, two literary texts ‒ Saturnin by Zdeněk Jirotka (1943) and Saturnin se vrací by Miroslav Macek (2017) ‒ have been analyzed. The text comparison makes use of some identification methods from forensic linguistics that are focused on language features that are less striking, but significant from the identification perspective.

4

Authorship Analysis, Social Networks and Catalan. Can we Distinguish X Users by Gender and Age?

63%

Cremades E.

Półrocznik Językoznawczy Tertium

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2024

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tom 9

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nr 1

193-218

PL

Niniejszy artykuł przedstawia dane, które mogą pomóc w określeniu, czy czynniki takie jak płeć lub wiek mogą być istotne w analizie autorstwa postów publikowanych na X w języku katalońskim. Uwzględniając zasady lingwistyki kryminalistycznej (w szczególności analizę autorstwa i stylu idiolektalnego), przeanalizowano 500 publikacji pod kątem stylistycznym, skupiając się na trzech aspektach dyskursywnych: specyficznych cechach X, zmiennych pragmatycznych i zmiennych stylistycznych. Wbrew temu, co niektórzy autorzy odkryli w przypadku użytkowników X w języku angielskim (Cicres 2015), niniejszy artykuł pokazuje, że w języku katalońskim emotikony, wykrzyknienia czy multiplikacja liter nie są cechami charakterystycznymi dla płci ani wieku. Jednak elementy takie jak łączenie hashtagów, użycie linków, wzmocnienie zaimków osobowych w pierwszej osobie, użycie wielkich liter czy użycie wielokropków mogą być znaczące dla wieku, ale nie dla płci. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi zatem pierwszy krok w kierunku znalezienia naprawdę charakterystycznych elementów w użyciu X w języku katalońskim, choć potrzebne są dalsze badania z większymi korpusami, aby potwierdzić te tendencje.

EN

This paper presents data that can help determine whether factors such as gender or age can become significant in authorship analysis through X in Catalan. Considering the principles of forensic linguistics (in particular, authorship analysis and idiolectal style), 500 publications have been analyzed from a stylistic point of view, focusing on three discursive aspects: specific features of X, pragmatic variables and stylistic variables. Contrary to what some authors have found for English X users (Cicres, 2015), the paper shows that, in Catalan, emoticons, exclamations or letter multiplication are not distinctive features for gender or age. However, elements such as the concatenation of hashtags, the use of links, the intensification of first-person subject pronouns, the use of capital letters or the use suspension points can be meaningful for age ⎯ but not for gender. This paper thus constitutes a first step towards finding truly distinctive elements in the use of X in Catalan, even though more studies, with larger corpora, need to be done to confirm these tendencies.

5

Wykorzystanie potencjału dowodowego lingwistyki w postępowaniach karnych. Rozważania biegłego sadowego

63%

Stawnicka J.

Przegląd Policyjny

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2023

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tom 152(4)

141-157

EN

This article is devoted to discussing offences for the commission of which the use of language (use of language or deviation from language) is both necessary and sufficient as a subcategory of criminal acts. The author of the article - the only expert in forensic linguistics in Poland who provides opinions for use by the judiciary and law enforcement agencies - presents 20 areas of forensic linguistics in which she has been called as an expert. Each area is discussed by indicating the questions addressed to the expert and a brief characterisation of that area. The article includes recommendations for law enforcement and the judiciary regarding the possibility of calling an expert in forensic linguistics on issues of the commission of crimes using linguistic means.

PL

Niniejszy artykuł poświęcony został omówieniu przestępstw, dla których popełnienia konieczne, a zarazem wystarczające jest posłużenie się językiem (użycie języka lub odstąpienie od użycia języka) jako podkategorii czynów zabronionych. Autorka artykułu – jedyna w Polsce biegła z lingwistyki kryminalistycznej, która wykonuje opinie na użytek wymiaru sprawiedliwości oraz organów ścigania – przedstawia 20 obszarów lingwistyki kryminalistycznej, w których powoływana była jako biegła. Każdy z obszarów został omówiony poprzez wskazanie pytań skierowanych do biegłego oraz krótką charakterystykę tego obszaru. Artykuł zawiera rekomendacje skierowane do organów ścigania i wymiaru sprawiedliwości w zakresie możliwości powoływania biegłego z lingwistyki kryminalistycznej w kwestiach popełnienia przestępstw przy użyciu środków językowych.

6

Dynamic stereotype and its role in written language diagnostics

63%

Shepitko V.

Nowa kodyfikacja prawa karnego

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2017

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tom 44

113-119

EN

The article is devoted to the role of a dynamic stereotype in the diagnosis of written speech. Author paid attention to: 1) global processes in the exchange of information between people; 2) changes in the tool base for the texts writing; 3) the usage of electronic documents and electronic signatures; 4) the exchange of e-mail messages. The study of the written language in criminalistics is carried out within the framework of forensic handwriting examination (judicial handwriting) and forensic linguistics. The dynamic stereotype took the important place in these branches of criminalistic techniques – the neurophysiological basis of skills, a definite integral system of conditioned reflex reactions. The dynamic stereotype is also typical for various modern ways of performing texts (including using of electronic information resources). Reader attention is focused on new directions in the diagnostic examination of written texts, the formation of forensic (criminalistic) linguistics and psycholinguistics, as well as the development of psycholinguistic study of texts for identification purposes.

7

GENERAL AND LOCAL ISSUES IN FORENSIC LINGUISTICS: ARABIC AS A CASE STUDY

63%

ROSENHOUSE J.

Comparative Legilinguistics

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2013

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tom 15

53-68

PL

Artykuł koncentruje się na czterech aspektach lingwistyki sądowej: lingwistyka sądowa jako sposób formułowania treści mówionych i pisanych, szczególny status języka arabskiego, problemy lingwistyczne i możliwości tłumaczenia w sądach, zastosowanie analizy językowej do ustalenia pochodzenia. Po przedstawieniu tych kwestii opisana zostanie w ich kontekście sytuacja języka arabskiego, głównie w Izraelu.

EN

This paper is concerned with four main aspects or parts of forensic linguistics: Forensic linguistics in speech mode and in writing, the special status of Arabic, linguistic problems and possibilities of translation for forensics, and Language Analysis for Determination of Origin (LADO). After presenting these issues in the introduction, we describe the language situation of Arabic, mainly in Israel, in the context of these four issues. The discussion is based on the literature concerning problems of translation and LADO in courts of justice in various countries, including Israel. We consider LADO as a developing field of forensic linguistics, and demonstrate by examples some problems that may rise from speech recordings of Arabic speaking asylum seekers. Based on this survey, we point out in the conclusion some research needs of general forensic linguistics and Arabic related forensic linguistics.

8

Лінгвістична експертиза в Україні: типологія та основні завдання

63%

Ażniuk Ł.

Studia Ucrainica Varsoviensia

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2016

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tom 4

25-34

PL

Linguistic expert examination is a kind of specialized linguistic research of textual materials or other linguistic objects undertaken to clarify issues that have juridical consequences. The paper gives an overview of the major types of forensic linguistic research performed by experts from the Ukrainian Bureau for Linguistic Expert Examination (National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine) over the recent decade. These types are as follows: 1) expert examination of disputed juridical documents, 2) expert examination in cases of protection of personal dignity and business reputation, 3) expert examination of appeals of illegal actions and violence, 4) expert examination in cases of threats and blackmail, 5) expert examination of dialogical texts (recordings of spontaneous speech, SMS messages, interrogation reports etc), 6) expert examination in cases of fraud, 7) expert examination in cases of stirring up interethnic hostility, 8) expert examination of documentary records of personal names, place names, other proper names, and 9) expert examination in cases of protection of a registered trademark. It is argued that a combination of semantic, structural and linguopragmatic approaches is a solid methodological foundation for competent expert investigations that serve as evidence in legal proceedings.

9

AUTHOR ATTRIBUTION IN SUICIDE NOTES: EVIDENCE FROM APPLIED LINGUISTICS

51%

BASIM Y. J.

Comparative Legilinguistics

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2012

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tom 10

7-22

PL

Ustalanie autorstwa tesktów polega na analizie dyskursu stosowanego przez domniemnaego autora tekstu w celu odnalezienia typowych dla jego idiolektu cech. W niniejszym artykule przedstawiono analizę listu samobójcy, którym był 49 letni brygadier z Armii Iraku, którego znaleziono z raną postrzałową głowy. Rodzina zmarłego poddała w wątpliwość fakt popełnienia przez niego samobójstwa, twierdząc, że list został bądź sfabrykowany bądż napisany pod wpływem groźby. Badanie listu przy wykorzystaniu technik językoznawstwa sądowego i stosowanego wykazało, że list nie był ani sfałszowany, ani napisanie go nie zostało wymuszone na autorze.

EN

Authorship attribution is a branch of authorship identification whose aim is to examine the characteristic features of a piece of writing to establish its author. The present study applies the methods and techniques of forensic and applied linguistics to the analysis of a suicide note believed to have been written by a 49-year old brigadier in the Iraqi Army who was found shot in the head. The accident was regarded as a suicidal act, which the family of the deceased challenged. They suspected an assassination disguised as a suicide and claimed that the suicide note left close to the deceased was either a mere fabrication, or was written under duress. The present study attempts to verify these assumptions using the techniques commonly followed in authorship attribution in analyzing the form and content of the suicide note and comparing it to a text that is known to have been written by the deceased. The results indicate that the suicide note was not simulated or tampered with and was not written under threat or duress.