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THE DETERMINANTS OF FOREIGN INVESTMENT IN PAKISTAN: A GRAVITY MODEL ANALYSIS

100%

Azeem S. W. , Hussain H. , Hussain R. Y.

LogForum

2012

tom 8

nr 2

81-97

Background: During the last two decades Pakistan was one of the most attractive countries that received Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) among developing economies, and especially in first half of the last decade the growth was so rapid and sustainable in different industries as well as in agriculture. In Pakistani economy the role of Foreign Direct Investment is very important. Policies are clear about the foreign investment even then adjustments are made according to the time, objective, needs and economic circumstances in the country. Methods: The present study aims to investigate the determinants of foreign investment in Pakistan by using Gravity model. By using panel data of FDI which is used as dependent variable and Gross domestic product, Gross domestic product per capita, Gross domestic product growth rate, Inflation rate, Trade, Total government expenditure, Population growth and Distance used as independent variable from 1999 to 2009 for empirical consequences, the study encompasses the examination of Foreign Direct Investment inflows from different countries and their geographical distance from Pakistan. Results: Two type of test is used (1) fixed and (2) random effect to check the relationship among foreign direct investment and independent variables. In our both models distance shows a negative impact on the decision to make an investment by investing partner while GDP and GDP growth have a positive and significant impact. Gravity in this regards does not effect that much for foreign direct investment attraction because results are negatively significant in this case that shows higher distance is a hurdle for the inflow of foreign investment but rest of the variables are significantly positive and related to the inflow of foreign investment except population growth which is negatively correlated. Conclusion: This research concludes that there is a strong evidence of existence of gravity between Pakistan and its investing partners. It is also conclude that those countries have less distance from Pakistan, having more investment in Pakistan, therefore, attracting these countries for investment in Pakistan would cause a greater chance of economic growth in Pakistan.

The technical infrastructure as a determinant of foreign direct investments inflows to the region

100%

Malinowski M.

2011

tom Vol. 15, no. 1

240-253

This article aims to determine the effect of selected elements of technical infrastructure for the development of foreign direct investments in individual voivodeships. The first part of the article characterizes foreign direct investment and presents the technical infrastructure as a factor in the location of FDI. In the second part, based on statistical data, the relationship between the development of technical infrastructure and the inflow of foreign direct investments in individual provinces in 2004-2008 has been examined.

Celem artykułu jest określenie wpływu poszczególnych elementów infrastruktury technicznej na rozwój bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w poszczególnych województwach. W pierwszej części artykułu scharakteryzowano bezpośrednie inwestycje zagraniczne oraz przedstawiono infrastrukturę techniczną jako czynnik lokalizacji BIZ. W części drugiej, na podstawie danych statystycznych zbadano zależność pomiędzy rozwojem infrastruktury technicznej i napływem bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w poszczególnych województwach w latach 2004-2008.

Inwestorzy zagraniczni w procesie prywatyzacji polskiej gospodarki

88%

Szczepkowska M.

2003

tom Nr 41

141-152

Direct foreign investments are the most dynamic form of current international economic relations. The inflow of foreign capital to Poland results from the transformations, which took place in Poland in late 80's. This paper presents the dynamics of foreign investments in polish companies and economy. In the conclusion it has been shown that there is a need to adapt the policy of stimulating the inflow of direct foreign investments to the needs and growth potential on enterprises.

Ryzyko bezpośrednich inwestycji zagranicznych w Polsce

75%

Siemiątkowski P.

2006

tom Nr 48, t. 2

683-688

The article aims at characterising the risk associated with foreign direct irwestments (FDI). The second part of the article contains partial results of empirical research carried out among foreign investors in Poland and indicating major risk areas related to running business by foreign companies in Poland. The analysis claims to answer the question on major fears of foreign firms kwesting in Poland in the form of FDI.