Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The painted redstart (Myioborus pictus L.) search rate of a cryptic versus conspicuous prey : a field test of optimal search models

100%

Jabłoński P.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2003

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tom Vol. 51, nr 3

385-388

EN

Models of optimal search rates predict that predators increase the search rate when availability of conspicuous prey increases relative to cryptic prey. I tested this prediction by comparing foraging hop rates by 19 Painted Redstarts (Myioborus pictus) - insectivorous birds in Arizona, USA. Redstarts often use flashy displays of open wings and tail to flush their prey and to subsequently chase the prey in air. Such flush-displays make the prey conspicuous and easy to detect. Hence, foraging mode affects relative availability of conspicuous versus cryptic prey: birds foraging with frequent flush-displays encounter conspicuous prey more often then birds foraging with infrequent flush-displays. As predicted, the hop rates during foraging with infrequent flush-displays were lower than hop rates during foraging with frequent displays.

2

Conspicuousness of a flush-pursue predator, the Painted Redstart (Myioborus pictus L.) : an experiment using bird models in a breeding habitat

88%

Jabłoński P. G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2004

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tom Vol. 52, nr 1

79-81

EN

White patches in the Painted Redstart (Myioborus pictus) are adaptations to flush prey during flush-pursue foraging which is characteristic for this species. Conspicuousness of white wing patches was measured in terms if time needed for a human observer to find a taxidermic model in a natural habitat. The time to find a model without patches do not confer higher conspicuousness to non-moving redstarts. The results are discussed in terms of predation risk from such visually orienting predators as hawks or or pygmy owls, and in comparison to other Myioborus species, all which do not posses the white wing patches.

3

Spatial segregation of foraging sites in winter mixed-species flocks of forest birds near seoul, Korea

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Lee S.-d. , Jabłoński P. G.

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tom Vol. 54, nr 3

481-490

EN

The wintering mixed flocks of tits (Paridae) and associated birds, are good objects for studying ecological niche division. In this respect the mixed species flocks on the Asian continent are poorly studied in comparison to European and North American ones. In this report we describe spatial distribution of foraging sites of eight bird species in 39 winter flocks near Seoul, Korea: Varied tit - Parus varius Temminck & Schlegel, Great tit - P. major Temminck & Schlegel, Marsh tit - P. palustris Bianchi, Coal tit - P. ater Buturlin, Long-tailed tit - Aegithalos caudatus Clark, Nuthatch - Sitta europaea Swinhoe, Japanese Pygmy Woodpecker - Dendrocopos kizuki Taka-Tsukasa, and Goldcrest - Regulus regulus Blakiston. Foraging sites (in coniferous and mixed forests) were classified into five height layers: on the ground, <1.5 m above the ground, 1.5-4 m, 4-7m, and > 7m. Trees were divided into three horizontal zones depending on the distance from trunk: crown interior, intermediate zone, and external twigs. Species differed significantly in the use of height layers: P. major foraged mostly on the ground, P. ater and A. caudatus foraged mostly in the highest forest layer, P. palustris was often seen in bushes, and P. varius occurred in the middle tree layer. There was no clear correlation between height of foraging and species body size. However, body size played an important role for segregation in horizontal zones, and two species, the larger P. major and the smaller P. ater differed significantly in the mean distance from trunk. Species of large body size like P. varius and P. major, foraged mostly in the interior of the tree crown, while the smaller species, P.ater and A. caudatus, foraged mostly in the external zone; the intermediate in size, P. palustris, foraged equally often in each of the three zones. The sites used most often by Korean populations of three tit species, P major, P. palustris and P ater, were similar to the sites used by European populations of the respective species. These results represent one of a few quantitative studies on mixed species flocks in continental Asia.

4

Post-breeding habitat selection of the Grey-backed Shrike [Lanius tephronotus] in Sichuan, China

75%

Tryjanowski P. , Reino L. M.

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tom 41

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nr 2

195-197

5

Tidewater glaciers as feeding spots for the Black-legged Kittiwake (Rissa tridactyla): A citizen science approach

75%

Dragańska-Deja K. , Błaszczyk M. , Deja K. , Węsławski J. M. , Rodak J. , Dragańska-Deja K. , Błaszczyk M. , Deja K. , Węsławski J. M. , Rodak J.

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6

Fishing behaviour in the long-fingered bat Myotis capaccinii (Bonaparte, 1837): an experimental approach

75%

Aihartza J. , Almenar D. , Salsamendi E. , Goiti U. , Garin I.

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tom 10

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nr 2

EN

To study the fishing behaviour of Myotis capaccinii, we performed an experiment in a flight tent containing an artificial pond. We recorded the behaviour of two groups of bats — eight individuals from two different roosts — using IR video camcorders and ultrasound detectors, and evaluated diet by analyzing faeces. Nightly, increasing amounts of fish were released in the pond. Our data show that M. capaccinii is able to exhibit fishing behaviour when fish occur in high densities in shallow waters, gaffing live fish from the water using their hind feet. They were attracted neither by dead fish floating, nor by ripples made by fishes feeding on the water surface. Bats showed a specific fishing behaviour with two main foraging patterns: A) long series of circular flights, skimming along the water and dipping in softly twice or three times in each roundabout; B) long figure-eight loops with bats flying faster and higher, swooping down on the centre of the pond, where they snapped their hind feet hard into the water. Compared with the echolocation calls used to catch insects from the water's surface in the wild, terminal buzzes were incomplete during the dips made to fish. Buzz II were always lacking, and buzz I had much longer inter-pulse intervals. This suggests that they were not pursuing specific targets but dipping randomly. We propose a scenario in which fishing behaviour occurs in the wild, linked to the seasonal drought of small ponds, marshes, or channels where large numbers of small fish become readily available and thus a profitable resource.

7

Biochemical composition of wheat grain as influenced by some beetles feeding

75%

Krzymanska J. , Golebiowska Z.

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tom 28

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nr 1-2

8

Foraging strategies and dietary preferences of a high mountain ant. (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)

75%

Fernandez-Escudero I. , Tinaut A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1998

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tom Vol. 46, no 1

23-31

EN

The ant Proformica longiseta inhabits the dry zones of the Mediterranean high mountain. A generalist feeder, this species has a predilection for liquid food, and its solid diet changes over the active period according to the prey available. It forages alone without recruitment or cooperation. The abundance of repletes varies in parallel to the quantity of food collected, representing a solution for food shortage periods. The territories surrounding the nests are not clearly defined, but rather overlap with foraging areas of several ant nests.

9

Water striders are prescient foragers : use of sensory information for patch assessment in food-based territoriality of Aquarius remigis (Gerridae, Heteroptera)

75%

Jabłoński P. , Ściński M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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1999

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tom Vol. 47, no 3

247-256

EN

We examined if water striders were able to recognize food distribution from sensory (surface vibrations and visual cues) information only (i. e. they are prescient foragers). Non-reproductive Aquarius remigis (Gerridae, Heteroptera) were stimulated to defend territories in laboratory conditions by simulating prey items falling down on the water surface so that no prey consumption was possible. In patchy prey distribution water striders were more aggressive than in random prey distribution suggesting that water striders were able to use prescient information to assess food distribution. The tests were conducted in artificial habitats differing in the maximal distance from which information about resources and competitors could be collected through surface vibrations. We showed that territory size was positively correlated with home range size of an individual but not with its aggression, and that this correlation was absent in habitats which allowed long-distance exchange of information between individuals through water surface vibrations.

10

The blooming, nectar secretion and foraging by bees of three species of Agastache

75%

Jablonski B. , Koltowski Z.

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nr 2

11

Conspicuousness of a flush-pursue predator, the painted redstart [Myioborus pictus L.]: an experiment using bird models in a breeding habitat

75%

Jablonski P. G.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2004

|

tom 52

|

nr 1

EN

White patches in the Painted Redstart (Myioborus pictus) are adaptations to flush prey during flush-pursue foraging which is characteristic for this species. Conspicuousness of white wing patches was measured in terms if time needed for a human observer to find a taxidermic model in a natural habitat. The time to find a model without patches did not differ from the time to find a model with white patches, indicating that white patches do not confer higher conspicuousness to non-moving redstarts. The results are discussed in terms of predation risk from such visually orienting predators as hawks or pygmy owls, and in comparison to other Myioborus species, all which do not posses the white wing patches.

12

The painted redstart [Myioborus pictus L.] search rate of a cryptic versus conspicuous prey: a field test of optimal search models

75%

Jablonski P. G.

|

2003

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tom 51

|

nr 3

EN

Models of optimal search rates predict that predators increase the search rate when availability of conspicuous prey increases relative to cryptic prey. I tested this prediction by comparing foraging hop rates by 19 Painted Redstarts (Myioborus pictus) - insectivorous birds in Arizona, USA. Redstarts often use flashy displays of open wings and tail to flush their prey and to subsequently chase the prey in air. Such flush-displays make the prey conspicuous and easy to detect. Hence, foraging mode affects relative availability of conspicuous versus cryptic prey: birds foraging with frequent flush-displays encounter conspicuous prey more often then birds foraging with infrequent flush-displays. As predicted, the hop rates during foraging with infrequent flush-displays were lower than hop rates during foraging with frequent displays.

13

Effect od hawthorn spider mite (Tetranychus viennensis Zacher) feeding on some physiological processes in apple-tree seedlings

63%

Skorupska A. , Tomczyk A.

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nr 2

14

Pollenivory in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) seems to be much more common than it was thought

63%

Czechowski W. , Marko B. , Eros K. , Csata E.

Annales Zoologici

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2011

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tom 61

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nr 3

EN

So far, besides some specialised Neotropical ant species of the genus Cephalotes Latr., the Palaearctic Myrmica schencki Viereck, M. rubra (L.) and Tetramorium cf. caespitum (L.) were known to be, at least facultative, pollen-eaters. The present paper reports on nine other common Palaearctic ant species occasionally feeding on pine pollen: Myrmica ruginodis Nyl., F. pratensis Retz., F. cinerea Mayr, F. clara For., F. sanguinea Latr., F. exsecta Nyl., Lasius niger (L.), L. platythorax Seifert, and L. fuliginosus (Latr.) and re-confirms pollenivory of M. schencki. Pollenivory of all these species was revealed based on the presence of pollen grains in the alimentary canal of the dissected workers. The possible role of pollen in the diet of ants as a generally omnivorous insect group is discussed.

15

Mutualism between Lasius Ant Species and Stomaphis Aphids in Relation to Social Parasitism among the ants

63%

Depa Ł. , Vepsäläinen K. , Rutkowski T. , Czechowski W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2022

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tom Vol. 70, nr 1

44--55

EN

The ant species Lasius (Lasius) brunneus (Latr.) and L. (Dendrolasius) fuliginosus (Latr.) are known mutualists of the myrmecophilous giant tree aphids of the genus Stomaphis Walk. Species of the Lasius subgenus Chthonolasius Ruzs., which live cryptically underground, have not been considered regular mutualists of those aphids. They often nest close to the known mutualists with which they are through their mutual colony developments intimately interrelated – as temporary social parasites of L. brunneus or temporary hosts of L. fuliginosus. Such a constellation raises the question about contacts of L. (Chthonolasius) species with Stomaphis aphids. Here, we describe modes of interaction between L. (Chthonolasius) umbratus (Nyl.) and S. graffii Cholod. which is usually hosted by L. (L.) brunneus. Our field data from Poland and elsewhere in Europe, together with published information, support our view that also L. (Ch.) umbratus and other underground-living species of the subgenus Chthonolasius are true mutualists of Stomaphis which take care of the aphids. Such ants differ by their protective behaviour from ants which prey on or only exploit aphids. The co-occurrence of L. (Chthonolasius) species with Stomaphis aphids has hitherto been relatively rarely reported, which probably is due to the cryptic lifestyle of these ants. We discuss the complex interrelations among the above Lasius F. species which belong to separate levels of social parasitism, and their relations with Stomaphis aphids. We also suggest that L. (Chthonolasius) species, which in the socially-parasitic hierarchy are located between Lasius s. str. and L. (Dendrolasius), may serve as transmitters of Stomaphis aphids from the former to the latter species.

16

Foraging of white stork Ciconia ciconia in forests – the heritage of an ancient behaviour?

63%

Tryjanowski P. , Grzywaczewski G. , Zbyrt A.

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nr 3

EN

The white stork Ciconia ciconia is a typical open-area species, foraging mainly in farmland and wetland areas. The main aim of this paper was to describe the foraging ecology of white storks inside un-typical habitat, i.e. forests in Poland. Data on white stork feeding in forests were based on responses to questionnaires distributed to several national mailing lists with a total of 1700 (16% subscribers) and via emails to naturalists (mainly to white stork researchers). In total 63 observations, from the years 2000–2015, were collected, mainly from eastern Poland. In all cases, only a single adult individual was recorded inside the forest, with a mean (±SD) distance to the forest edge of 50 ± 102 m (n = 597) and 1315 ± 1015 m (n = 63) to the nearest white stork nest. Birds foraging inside forests were recorded from late May to mid-August, but the greatest numbers were seen during June. The main prey was a lizard, the slow-worm Anguis fragilis, with a maximum of 10 individuals collected by a stork during one foraging session. We discuss the origin of the observed foraging behaviour, noting that the species is flexible and opportunistic in terms of consumed food. The observed foraging is probably similar to the original behaviour of the species within primeval forest, although food opportunism helps the white stork to use new foraging areas, for example landfills.

17

Rubbish dumps reveal the diet of ant colonies : Myrmica schencki Em. and Myrmica rubra (L.) (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) as facultative pollen-eaters

63%

Czechowski W. , Marko B. , Radchenko A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom Vol. 56, nr 4

737-741

EN

Myrmica schencki Em. and M. rubra (L.), common Palaearctic ant species, collect fallen male Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) inflorescence during the pine blossom time, take it to their nests and then gather it on rubbish piles close to nest-entrances. Dissection of M. schencki workers revealed the presence of numerous pollen grains in their crops and midguts proving at least periodical pollenivory of these ants. So far, only some Neotropical ants of the genus Cephalotes Latr. have been known to eat pollen.

18

Finding prey by associative learning in gleaning bats: experiments with a Natterer`s bat Myotis nattereri

63%

Siemers B. M.

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tom 03

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nr 2

EN

I show that a Natterer's bat (Myotis nattereri) was operantly conditioned to echo cues from a large object; in this case a round bowl full of mealworms. In a subsequent choice experiment the bat preferred the empty, round bowl over an unknown, quadratic bowl filled with prey. I suggest that the quick but transient learning of cues indicating prey rich habitat patches might be adaptive for bats hunting in cluttered environments, where they can often not directly detect prey using echolocation. Therefore, it might be an additional foraging strategy of some gleaning bats to search for specific structural cues indicating a high probability of prey being present.

19

Nornik polny [Microtus arvalis] - jego pokarmy oraz uszkodzenia

63%

Skorupska A.

Progress in Plant Protection

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1999

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tom 39

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nr 2

472-474

20

Wild food plants used in the villages of the Lake Vrana Nature Park (northern Dalmatia, Croatia)

63%

Luczaj L. , Fressel N. , Perkovic S.

Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae

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2013

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tom 82

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nr 4

EN

Croatia is a country of diverse plant use traditions, which are still insufficiently documented. The aim of this study was to document local traditions of using wild food plants around Lake Vrana (northern Dalmatia, Zadar region). We interviewed 43 inhabitants of six traditional villages north of Lake Vrana. On average 12 species were listed, which in total produced an inventory of 55 food plants and 3 fungi taxa. Wild vegetables were most widely collected, particularly by older women who gathered the plants mainly when herding their flocks of sheep. Wild fruits and mushrooms were rarely collected. The former used to be an important supplementary food for children, or for everyone during times of food shortage, and the latter were relatively rare due to the dry climate and shortage of woods. The most commonly collected plants are wild vegetables: Cichorium intybus, Foeniculum vulgare, Sonchus oleraceus, Asparagus acutifolius, Papaver rhoeas, Rumex pulcher, Daucus carota, Allium ampeloprasum and Silene latifolia.