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EN
Quantitative expressions are presented describing the effects of temperature and food concentration on the mean body weight of copepodite stages of Pseudocalanus spp. The calculations were made on the basis of experimental data from the literature for three geographically separate populations of Pseudocalanus from Puget Sound (Washington, USA), from the southern North Sea and the Baltic Sea. Relationships were obtained between the coefficient of daily exponential growth of body weight of Pseudocalanus sp. from Puget Sound and temperature in the 8–15.5◦C range and food concentrations from 10 mgC m−3 to excess, as well as for Pseudocalanus elongatus from the southern North Sea at high food concentrations and in the 4–15◦C temperature range. Also computed was the mean body weight for stages CII to CV of P. elongatus from the southern Baltic Sea at 5◦C. The empirical models presented here can be used with good precision in mathematical models of pelagic communities. The results presented here indicate that Pseudocalanus sp. from Puget Sound (a species resembling Pseudocalanus minutus) is similar to P. elongatus from the southern North Sea and the English Channel with respect to growth parameters in the studied range of temperatures for excess food. P. elongatus collected in the Baltic Sea (Gulf of Gdańsk) differs from P. elongatus from the southern North Sea.
EN
The study presents changes in the total development time of Copepoda species, i.e. Pseudocalanus sp., Temora longicornis and Acartia spp. occurring in large numbers in the Southern Baltic Sea. The following factors were taken into account: temperature, salinity and concentration of food. The presented research involved simulations with greenhouse gas emissions scenarios A1B and B1. The analysis was performed for naupliar and copepodid stages combined together, and the results present the total development time of organisms from the naupliar stage to the adult form. The calculations were carried out using numerical methods based on the experimental data available in the literature.
PL
Oznaczono stężenie rtęci ogółem w kapeluszach i trzonach (ogółem 142 próbki) takich jadalnych gatunków grzybów jak: borowik szlachetny, podgrzybek złotawy, podgrzybek brunatny, koźlarz babka, twardzioszek przydrożny, muchomor czerwonawy, czubajka kania, zasłonak znamienny i gołąbek gryszpanowy. Grzyby zebrano w rejonie przygranicznym koło Gubina w 1994 r. Zbadane gatunki grzybów cechowała bardzo zróżnicowana zawartość rtęci, a duże stężenie zanotowano u czubajki kani, twardzioszka przydrożnego i borowika szlachetnego.
EN
Total mercury concentrations were determined in caps and stalks of nine species of edible mushrooms collected in 1994 from the relatively non-polluted area near the town of Gubin (Region of Zielona Góra) at the Polish-German border. Macrolepiota procera, Marasimus oreades and Boletus edulis showed highest concentrations of mercury, and the range of concentration arithmetic mean values was from 3.0 ± 1,2 to 5,3 ± 0,8 µg/g dry wt. in caps and from 1,5 ± 0,6 to 3,2 ± 0,9 µg/g in stalks. Mean mercury concentrations in Cortinarius praestans and Amanita rubescens ranged from 0,52 ± 0,22 to 0,99 ± 0,85 µg/g in caps and from 0,32 ± 0,13 to 0,52 ± 0,54 µg/g in stalks. Such species as Xerocomus chrysesteron, X. badius, Leccimum scabrum and Russula aeruginea showed relatively lowest cncentrations of mercury, from 0,20 ± 0,06 to 0,29 ± 0,30 µg/g in caps and form 0,082 ± 0,035 to 0,18 ± 0,16 µg/g dry wt. in stalks (arithmetic mean).
EN
Quantitative expressions are presented to describe the effects of temperature and food concentration on stage duration and growth rate of Temora longicornis for each of the model stage groups (N1–N6 – naupliar stages, C1, C2, C3, C4, C5 –the five copepodid stages). The calculations were made on the basis of experimental data from the literature for T. longicornis from the south-eastern and the southern North Sea. Relationships were obtained between the growth parameters and temperature for the 5–10◦C temperature range and food concentrations from 25 mgC m−3 to excess. Also computed was the total mean development time as a function of the above-mentioned parameters, temperature and food availability. The simulations computed here are similar to the experimental results. The growth rates for successive stages were obtained according to the correction of the ‘Moult Rate’ method, which allows the use of mean weights and stage durations. The calculations also suggest that three complete generations of T. longicornis from the Gdańsk Deep (the southern Baltic Sea) can develop during a single year.
PL
Przedstawiono wyniki oznaczeń kadmu i ołowiu w wybranych koncentratach zup metodą spektrometrii absorpcyjno-atomowej. Stwierdzono, że przebadane koncentraty będące przykładem żywności wygodnej są produktami bezpiecznymi i nie stanowią zagrożenia dla zdrowia i życia człowieka.
EN
Easy-to-prepare dinner products (soup concentrates available in the Polish market) were studied for their cadmium and lead content. Cadmium and lead levels were determined by AAS after prior sample mineralisation at 400°C, translocation of the metals into complexes with ammonium 1-pyrrolidine carbodithionate (APDC) in the presence of citrate buffer at pH 6.80 and 4-methyl-pentane-2-one (MIBK) extraction. Liquid soup bases contained, on the average, 0.005 ±0.001 mg • kg-1 Cd, and 0.0274 ±0.0104 mg • kg-1 Pb. In the instant soups with breadcrumbs or noodles (containing up to 20% noodles), cadmium content was 0.019±0.0062 mg • kg-1 Cd, and the content of lead was 0.013 ±0.0304 mg • kg-1 Pb. The Cd content in soups requiring boiling was 0.026±0.0162 mg • kg-1, while for Pb the respective value was 0.0962±0.041 mg • kg-1 and in instant soups with noodles (more than 70% noodles) the content of Cd was 0.016±0.0005 mg • kg-1 and of Pb 0.0872±0.0194 mg • kg1. The highest Cd and Pb levels in the study products was found in the soups requiring boiling, while the lowest concetrations of those toxic metals were detected in the liquid soup bases and soups with breadcrumbs or noodles. Referring to soup varieties, the highest content of the toxic metals were detected in the red borsch soup. The results of this study show that the studied concetrates, consulting an example of convenient easy-to-preapre fast food products, are safe and do not involve health risk in respect of their Cd or Pb content. The levels of those elements are, on the average, 5 times lower than the maximum admissible values (0.10 mg • kg-1 Cd and 0.5 mg • kg-1 Pb) specified by relevant Polish regulations.
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