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Fonetická problematika v jazykové poradně

100%

Štěpánová V.

nr 2

61-77

The article analysis phonetic (pronunciation-related) inquiries delivered by e-mail to the language consulting centre of the Institute of the Czech Language during the years 1999-2010. These questions are much less numerous than, for example, those concerning orthography, yet they are often noteworthy. The paper points out the specific traits of these questions. The inquiries concerning the prosodic level of the language are discussed. On the segmental level, attention is devoted to the pronunciation of words of Czech origin (pronunciation of sound groups, as well as the orthophonic realization of the individual sounds).

Percepce výslovnostních chyb učiteli českého jazyka

100%

Vlčková-Mejvaldová J. , Štěpáník S.

nr 2

239-268

Pronunciation is one of the basic characteristics of one’s speech culture. L1 teaching should lead to the development of speaking skills, whose part is also mastering the orthoepic norm. One of the preconditions of that is the teachers’ subject matter knowledge, their own practically mastery of Czech orthoepy. The paper brings the results of a study conducted with a sample of 148 teachers from Czech primary and lower- and upper-secondary schools which researched the teachers’ ability to detect pronunciation errors in a segment of continuous speech. The results indicate that the awareness of the orthoepic norm among Czech language teachers is rather insufficient, and that there is quite strong correlation between the teachers’ knowledge of the orthoepic norm and the pronunciation errors their pupils make.

Dobrá výslovnost je jedním ze základních rysů řečové kultivovanosti mluvčího. Vyučování mateřskému jazyku by mělo vést k rozvoji řečových dovedností, jejichž součástí je zvládnutí ortoepické normy. Jednou z podmínek tohoto procesu je sama učitelova znalost a praktické ovládání české ortoepie. Článek přináší výsledky studie, jíž se zúčastnilo 148 učitelů na 1., 2. a 3. vzdělávacím stupni. Studie zjišťovala schopnost učitelů detekovat výslovnostní chyby v souvislé promluvě. Výsledky naznačují, že povědomí o české ortoepické normě je mezi učiteli spíše nedostačující a že může existovat souvislost mezi učitelovou znalostí ortoepické normy a kvalitou mluveného projevu žáka.

Aspirované souhlásky v čínštině a v angličtině

100%

Třísková H.

tom 96

nr 2

196-218

The article treats the phenomenon of aspiration in Mandarin Chinese and English within a broader linguistic context. The topics discussed are (1) both the general and language-specific articulatory and acoustic make-up of aspirated consonants (long overall duration, tense articulation, long VOT; the alternative sources of aspiration friction are recalled, as opposed to a common view emphasizing mainly the glottal friction) and (2) the dissimilar functioning of aspiration in English and Mandarin Chinese (English: a secondary phonetic feature of stops /p/, /t/, /k/ in particular positions; Chinese: an essential distinctive feature of the consonantal subsystem operating in three pairs of stops and three pairs of affricates). After reviewing possible options for making phonological contrast in stops (and affricates) employing the laryngeal phonological features [± voiced] and [± aspirated], the author presents cross-linguistically manifold ways of phonetic realizations of the phonological categories chosen by a particular language (the polarization principle, Magnet Model Theory and Trubetzkoy’s “phonological sieve” are introduced as a possible explanation of the diversity). The author points out that the described complexity causes numerous problems in consonant production and perception in second language learning, the mistakes being diverse depending on the native language of the student.

Časopis pro moderní filologii a Vladimír Šmilauer (1939–1951)

88%

Šmejkalová M.

nr 1

107-120

The article analyses the influence of Vladimír Šmilauer on the character of the Journal of Modern Philology (Časopis pro moderní filologii, ČMF). Šmilauer was associated with the Journal for Modern Philology as an author and an editor for Slavic studies (1939–1951). The article describes the main linguistic/philological topics contributed to the magazine by Šmilauer (Slovak studies and the history of the Slovak language, new Czech, e.g. orthography, reports on foreign literature, etc.). The period of Šmilauer’s work at the ČMF falls into a time of socially problematical political systems: the Nazi protectorate after 1939 and the communist terror after 1948. On the example of the case of Šmilauer, we will show how and when political systems were directly reflected in the philological content of the Journal for Modern Philology.