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2 2021

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Forvo.com: pohled fonetický

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Machač P. , Škrabal M.

Naše řeč (Our Speech)

2021

tom 104

nr 4

243-255

In this article, we examine the audio material collected by crowdsourcing methods in the Czech section of the portal forvo.com, which is unique worldwide in terms of the number of languages, audio recordings and users. Our aim is to assess the possible representativeness (with respect to the standard norm of Czech and/or naturalness) of the recordings for phonetic research and also for the purposes of non-native lay users. We selectively focus on perceptually conspicuous, mostly hypercorrect deviations from natural pronunciation (when the assimilation of voicing or place of articulation does not occur), but we also deal with phenomena that are non-orthoepic yet established in spontaneous speech (such as frequent phonetic reductions and devoicing). These deviations from natural speech behaviour can be attributed chiefly to the unnatural speech situation that lay speakers find themselves in when they are being recorded, and their adherence to the written form of the recorded entries. Based on the findings, we evaluate the Czech part of the forvo.com portal as being rather unusable for ordinary phonetic research, and as being usable, though only with caution, to a non-native lay user, with no claim to full representativeness.

Fonetické redukce a vyjadřování jistotních postojů v insubordinačních strukturách

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Machač P. , Fried M.

Časopis pro moderní filologii (Journal for Modern Philology)

2021

tom 103

nr 1

7-35

The study tests the hypothesis that phonetic reductions in spontaneous interaction contribute interpretive clues which aid in assigning different meanings to an ostensibly single grammatical pattern. We focus on two variants of insubordinate clauses introduced by jestli ‘if/whether’, each associated with a specific evidential meaning, as attested in the corpus of conversational Czech (Ortofon): a speaker’s uncertainty about the truth of a given proposition vs. a speaker’s certainty that the proposition is invalid. Using phonetic feature analysis of the relevant words (jestli; nevím), we establish the degree of reduction by combining a word reduction rate with the number of segments and syllables that are actually pronounced. The analysis reflects a relationship between the degree of reduction and the functional split: highly reduced instances signal the interpretation of a speaker’s uncertainty, while low reductions signal negative certainty. These findings also suggest broader methodological and theoretical consequences, including the issue of adequate, multi-layered representational models of spontaneously produced language.