Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Floristic analysis of the two woodland-meadow ecotones differing in orientation of the forest edge

100%

Orczewska A. , Glista A.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2005

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tom 53

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nr 3

EN

Studies on the transition zones between plant communities using the statistical method by Matuszkiewicz, have been predominantly conducted in forest communities or in ecotones between wetland and meadow communities. Although boundaries between forest and meadow (as a result of human pressure on the landscape, namely forest fragmentation) are of ecological interest, no previous attempts have been made to estimate the width of such ecotones using Matuszkiewicz’s approach. We applied the method in the studies on floristic changes across two, woodland-meadow ecotones (Arrhenatheretum elatioris/Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli typicum and Scirpetum sylvatici/Tilio cordataeCarpinetum betuli corydaletosum communities), located at forest edges differing in their orientation. The aim of the research was to estimate the width and character of those ecotones and to investigate whether the possible differences in vegetation are related to the prevailing aspect (orientation) of the woodland edge. To characterise the floristic composition of the two adjacent communities, the method of Greig-Smith’s square (16 quadrats of 4 m2 each) was chosen. To determine the floristic changes across each ecotone, transects 38 m in length and formed of 2 × 2 m quadrats were set perpendicularly to the woodland-meadow boundary. Diagnostic species for the main communities were determined and their incidence along the transect was observed. Differences in species composition that were observed along the transects allowed us to distinguish three contrasting sectors. The first one represents typical meadow communities, the second sector represents a typical ecotone, and the third one contains typical woodland communities. Our results showed that the width of the ecotones differed depending on the orientation of the woodland edge. In the transect between Arrhenatheretum elatioris and Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli typicum communities, situated on a SE-oriented forest edge, it was estimated at 10 m, whereas in the second transect, the transition zone between the Scirpetum sylvatici and Tilio cordatae-Carpinetum betuli corydaletosum was narrower, reaching 6 m. This was located on a NW-oriented woodland edge. Our observations confirm the results of many other studies, which show that transition zones between woodland and meadow are wider on edges that receive more light, than in north-facing ones. The differences in the size of the transition zone at the two study sites are clear despite the fact that the two types of meadow communities differed in the number of mowing cycles per season. The Arrhenatheretum elatioris community is mown twice a year, and its ecotone with the woodland is wider than in the case of the Scirpetum sylvatici community. The latter is mown only once in the vegetation season but its transition zone remains 4 m narrower than in the first situation. It seemed that the increase in vegetation management (two mowing cycles instead of one) did not contribute to the reduced width of the ecotone. When looking at the distribution of species representing different syntaxonomic groups, in both transects, no meadow plants from the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class or other species of open habitats were recorded deeper than 6 m into the woodland interior. On the other hand, forest species from the Querco-Fagetea class were found much further into the area of meadow. Thus, no strong pressure of meadow communites on woods was recorded, but the opposite situation, where forest species extended into the meadow area, took place. Such a tendency was observed regardless of the aspect of the woodland edge. Differences in physiological amplitude of species allowed us to distinguish, after R anney et al. (1981), a group of: meadow-oriented species, which neither occurred in ecotone nor woodland, strongly edge-oriented species, and strongly forest interior-oriented species, avoiding the ecotones and meadows. A group of species present along the whole transect (ubiquitous) was very poorly represented. Contact zones between woodlands and meadows observed in the course of our studies and statistical analysis, give support to the model of a discontinuum. In both ecotones studied, the edge effect was recorded; in transect 1 it can be described as a ‘double edge effect’ (variable = species richness, has both maximum and minimum in the ecotone close together); negative on the meadow side and positive on the woodland side of the ecotone, and at the second study site as the ‘positive edge effect’.

2

Semi-natural grasslands: the effects of cutting frequency on long-term changes of floristic composition

88%

Kramberger B. , Kaligaric M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 1

EN

The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of different frequencies of cutting on long-term changes in the floristic composition of grassland, with an emphasis on the effects of very late cutting. Cutting at 2, 4, 6, 8 10 and 12-weekly intervals was applied from 1995 to 2006 in a randomized block experiment on semi-natural grassland fertilized with 170 kg N, 40 kg P and 150 kg K ha–1. The floristic composition of treatments was determined in May 1995, 1999, 2002 and 2006. In the final year (2006) the proportion of grasses in the dry matter of harvest was highest (77%) in the treatment with the least frequent cuts, and it was the highest obtained during the whole experiment. Under very frequent cuts, the proportion of grasses ranged only from 45 to 57%. Among legumes, only Trifolium repens L. was represented in high proportions in the dry matter of the harvest (from 19 to 25%) in 2006, but only in the treatments involving high cutting frequencies. The proportion of non-legume forbs in treatments involving low cutting frequency did not exceed other treatments; moreover, their proportion in the dry matter of the harvest in the treatment with the lowest cutting frequency decreased significantly to the lowest value (19%). The increased proportion of grasses in treatments with low cutting frequency indicates that a very late cut does not necessarily mean that forbs increase in the floristic composition, but can help grasses to retain their dominant and stable proportion in the semi-natural sward. Consequently, when farmers are being provided with financial incentives with the aim of protecting diversity and the natural environment, it is worth recommending also a very late cutting, which includes natural reseeding to a greater extent. This can help to find a compromise between farmers’ expectations of stable yield and quality forage, and the public interest in having grasslands of high biodiversity.

3

Effect of long-term abandonment and spring grazing on floristic and functional composition of dry grasslands in a Central Apennine farmland

75%

Catorci A. , Casaretti S. , Gatti R.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2013

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tom 61

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nr 3

EN

Semi-natural dry grasslands host some of the most valuable habitats in Europe, due to their biodiversity heritage. Nevertheless, a strong decline in their extension, due to the cessation of traditional management, has been observed in the last decades. The aim of the study was to assess plant community changes due to abandonment and the effect of spring grazing in sub-Mediterranean dry grasslands, focusing on the plant functional traits involved in this turnover. The study area is located in the central Apennines (Italy), where grasslands were grazed by sheep in late winter and spring until 1980 and are nowadays abandoned. Relevés sampled (using the Braun-Blanquet method) in different years, namely in 1976–1980 (grazed pasture) and again in 2010 (abandoned pasture) were compared. Results indicated that abandonment leads to the increase of species richness. Traits and strategies indicator sets were: therophyte for the grazed pasture; geophytes, flower palatability, early flowering strategy, clonal ability and presence of storage organs for the abandoned ones. Traits related to low levels of stress (tolerance strategies) are heavily reduced in grazed systems, and thus the functional composition of plant community is mostly characterised by traits promoting avoidance strategies. In abandoned conditions a higher number of species can co-exist thanks to the micro-scale variation of soil features and niche diversification. The research findings also revealed grazing timing as a key factor for understanding changes of plant functional trait patterns and spring grazing as a threat for orchid species.

4

The changes in floristic composition and yielding of meadow communities at a meliorated and managed low moor

75%

Kiryluk A. , Niczyporuk A.

Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Agriculture

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1999

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nr 35

49-55

5

Floristic composition of community with domination of bromus inermis leyss on the backround of soil conditions

75%

Kaczmarek Z. , Grzelak M. , Gajewski P. , Glina B. , Mocek A. , Rybczyński P. , Tylman O.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2016

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tom Vol. 61, nr 3

206--210

EN

The paper contains soil and floristic characteristics of grassland communities where ecological arable tillage is conducted. The characteristics includes the assessment of variability and a detailed description and interpretation of soil and phytosociological conditions. The research was conducted in September 2015 in an individual farm land in Mniszek (a village in Wielkopolskie Voivodship in Czarnkowsko-Trzcianecki County). On the basis of 18 phytosociological relevés made with Braun-Blanquet’s method, floristic diversity of the community as well as botanical structure and natural value were determined; the community with the predominance of Bromus inermis (Bromus inermis Leyss) was dominant. Four soil profiles were prepared and such soil properties as pH, content of total carbon and total nitrogen, soil texture, bulk density of soil, particle density, total porosity, maximal hygroscopic capacity, the potential of water binding by the soil and its total and readily available water as well as the saturated hydraulic conductivity were determined. The investigated soils represented sandy alluvial soils (Haplic Fluvisols), formed from alluvial materials of the Noteć River’s ice-marginal valley. The permeability of studied soils was high and their retention was low, what is characteristic for coarse-textured soils The production and plant available water appeared in small amounts in the soils under study. Total porosity, bulk density, particle density, as well as pH, were on a beneficial level. The surface soil horizons were characterized by high (as for sands) content of total carbon, what was the result of an alluvial specificity of the studied soils genesis. The investigated soils were a natural environment for thermophilic flora.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono gleboznawczą i florystyczną charakterystykę siedlisk łąkowych, na których prowadzona jest rolnicza gospodarka ekologiczna. Obejmowała ona ocenę zróżnicowania oraz szczegółowy opis i interpretację warunków glebowych i fitosocjologicznych. Badania wykonano we wrześniu 2015, na terenie indywidualnego gospodarstwa rolnego we wsi Mniszek (województwo wielkopolskie; powiat czarnkowsko-trzcianecki). Na podstawie 18 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych określono zróżnicowanie florystyczne zbiorowiska oraz strukturę botaniczną i wartość przyrodniczą, w którym dominowało zbiorowisko z przewagą stokłosy bezostnej (Bromus inermis Leyss). W materiale glebowym pochodzącym z czterech profili glebowych oznaczono takie właściwości, jak: pH, zawartość węgla i azotu ogólnego, skład granulometryczny, gęstość gleby oraz jej fazy stałej, porowatość całkowitą, maksymalną pojemność higroskopową, potencjał wiązania wody przez glebę, jej potencjalną i efektywną retencję użyteczną oraz współczynnik filtracji. Badane gleby reprezentowały typ mad właściwych (Haplic Fluvisols), wytworzonych z piasków aluwialnych pradoliny Noteci. Charakteryzowały się bardzo lekkim, piaszczystym uziarnieniem oraz, typową dla gleb lekkich, wysoką wodoprzepuszczalnością i niską retencją. Woda produkcyjna oraz dostępna dla roślin występowała w nich w niewielkich ilościach. Porowatość całkowita i gęstość gleby, jak również pH, kształtowały się na korzystnym poziomie. Poziomy wierzchnie cechowały się wysoką - jak na piaski - zawartością węgla ogólnego, co wynikało ze specyfiki aluwialnej genezy tych gleb. Badane gleby stanowiły naturalne podłoże dla roślinności ciepłolubnej.

6

Skład florystyczny trawiastych nawierzchni boisk klubów sportowych w Łęcznej i w Lublinie

75%

Harkot W. , Mosek B. , Lipiński W.

Przegląd Naukowy Inżynieria i Kształtowanie Środowiska

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2002

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tom Vol. 11, No. 1

143--156

EN

A phytosociological method further to Braun-Blanquet was used for the evaluation of the floristic composition of grass surfaces of 10 sports fields in the autumn of 2000 and the spring of 2001. Degrees of quantity and constancy, cover coefficicnts, number of species in a record and sward compactness were studied. Some chemical propertics of the upper soil layer of the sports fields studied was also assessed. Species from the tread-on habitats from the Plantaginetea maioris class and the ” fresh” habitats from the Molinio-Arrhenatheretea class together with ruderal-nitrophylic plants from the Artemisietea class and companion species were predom inant in the sward of the sports field lawns. Lolium perenne was the most frequently sown species in the sports lawns, and Poa pratensis was less frequent. Among the unsown species, Poa annua was distinguished by its high contribution in the sward. Chemical properties of the upper soil layer of the sports fields studied showed that neither the treatments applied nor fertilisation was appropriate.

7

Changes in the floristic composition and nitrogen concentration in meadow communities and soil under conditions of differentiated fertilization

75%

Niczyporuk A.

Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Agriculture

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1999

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nr 35

39-47

8

Effect of long-term fertilization on the floristic composition of the meadow stands fodder yields

75%

Vesela M. , Mrkvicka J.

Acta Agraria et Silvestria. Series Agraria

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2003

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tom 40

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nr Sek.roln.

EN

The experiment concerning the study of botanical composition of stands and yielding abilities was founded in 1966. The variants of fertilization for the evaluation: 0-P40 K100-N100 P40 K100- N200P40K100. The significant reduction of the species diversity was found in the nitrogen fertilization. Alopecurus pratensis L., was the most infested plant belonging to the rhizomatic species in both fertilization levels in the years 1971-1980 (80-86% D). According to the nutrition level in long-term studies in 1966-2000 the mean yield was found in the check variant i.e, 4.97 t ha-1of hay. The variant fertilized by P40K100 gave the mean yield 5.53 t x ha-1. In the nitrogen fertilization 100 kg x ha-1(+PK) the mean long-term yields of dry mass were 7.29 t x ha-1. In the variant 200 kg ha-1(+PK) the mean yields was 8.53 t x ha-1.

PL

Przeprowadzone badania dotyczyły zmian w składzie botanicznym oraz możliwości plonowania na trwałym użytku zielonym od roku 1966. Zastosowano następujące warianty nawozowe: 0-P40 K100-N100 p40 K100-N200 P40 K100. Przy nawożeniu nawozowym stwierdzono istotne zmniejszenie różnorodności gatunkowej. Przy obydwóch poziomach nawożenia azotowego w latach 1971-1980, najbardziej opanował siedlisko Wyczyniec łąkowy Alopecurus pratensis L. (80-86% plonu runi). W okresie wieloletnich badań (1996-2000) średni plon siana w runi kontrolnej wyniósł 4,97 tha-1, natomiast w wariancie nawożonym P40K100 odpowiednio 5,53 t x ha-1. Niższa dawka azotu zwiększyła plon siana do 7.29 t x ha-1, zaś wyższa do 8,53 t x ha-1.

9

Floristic composition of the sward influenced by soil-water conditions

75%

Trzaskos M. , Czyz H. , Jakubowski P.

Folia Universitatis Agriculturae Stetinensis. Agricultura

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1999

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tom 80

10

Vegetation structure and composition of road verge and meadow sites colonized by Cabrera vole (Microrus cabrerae Thomas)

63%

Santos S.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2007

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tom Vol. 55, nr 3

481-493

EN

This paper analyses the floristic composition and vegetation structure in road verge and meadow sites colonized by Cabrera vole (Microtus cabrerae Thomas, 1906), a threatened rodent with fragmented distribution in the Iberian Peninsula. Vegetation was sampled in 26 colonized patches in five geographical areas of Southern Portugal. The cover of the herbaceous layer was sampled in 1 x 1 m plots. Several variables related to plant diversity, Raunkiaer lifeforms, taxonomic groups, disturbance and soil properties were assessed. Floristic composition of the herbaceous communities of road verge and meadow sites was different. Indicator species of road verges corresponded mainly to annual grasses and forbs, ruderal and nitrophilous species, along with a few perennials. In meadows, perennial grasses and moisture indicative species were more common. Results suggest that road verges are lower quality habitats for Cabrera vole maintenance, due to high disturbance, low moisture availability during summer and reduced patch surface. Nevertheless, they might provide benefits such as extra foraging and refuge, especially in disturbed areas. Potential ecological effects of road verge management are discussed in the light of species conservation goals.

11

Trwałość pastwiskowych mieszanek odmian traw i motylkowatych drobnonasiennych wybranych do użytkowania w gospodarstwie ekologicznym

63%

Jankowska-Huflejt H.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

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2013

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tom Vol. 58, nr 3

229--234

PL

Badania realizowano w latach 2006-2010 w ZDITP w Biebrzy, na łące trwałej, na glebie organicznej, mułowo-torfowomurszowej. Doświadczenia założono w układzie losowanych bloków, w czterech powtórzeniach, na poletkach o powierzchni 15 m2. Zaprojektowaną do użytkowania pastwiskowego w gospodarstwie ekologicznym mieszankę (tzw. modelową) P1, oceniano na tle mieszanek P2- zakupionej i P3- kontrolnej (uproszczonej) oraz gatunku wskaźnikowego Lolium perenne L. (4n) odm. Barista P4. Stosowano nawożenie: P2O5 – 50 kg/ha wiosną; K2O – 60 kg/ha (po 30 kg wiosną i latem). Ruń koszono 5-krotnie, badano zmiany składu botanicznego (metodą szacunkową), wysokość runi w dniu koszenia oraz wielkość plonu s.m. i jego jakość (metoda Filipka, 1973). Po 5 latach symulowanego użytkowania pastwiskowego wypadły wysiane w mieszankach: Trifolium repens L. Astra i Riesling oraz Festuca pratensis Huds. Skra i Agrostis gigantea Roth Mieta. Najmniejsze zmiany zaobserwowano w mieszance P1, a największe w runi obiektu P4 (Lolium perenne L. Baristra). Spośród wysianych gatunków najtrwalsze okazały się Poa pratensis L. Skiz, a także Phleum pratense L. Skala i Festuca rubra L. Atra. Z traw niewysianych największe znaczenie miały Poa pratensis L. i Poa annua L., a z chwastów Ranunculus repens L., lepiej znoszący nadmierne uwilgotnienie. Porównywane mieszanki pastwiskowe lepiej odrastały w okresie letnim (pokos III i IV), bez istotnego zróżnicowania między sobą. Wysokość runi bardziej zależała od warunków wilgotnościowych i pokosu niż rodzaju mieszanek, zwłaszcza w kolejnych latach użytkowania. Zaobserwowano tendencję większej stabilności mieszanki modelowej P1, związaną z większą stabilnością jej składu gatunkowego. Łączne plony poszczególnych mieszanek były wyrównane (od 18,69 do 20,76 t.ha-1). Nieznacznie większe plony uzyskano z mieszanek uproszczonej P3 i modelowej P1, najmniejsze z Lolium perenne L. w siewie czystym (największa degradacja runi). Większe zróżnicowanie plonów wystąpiło w pokosach i latach, na skutek wpływu warunków termicznych i wilgotnościowych. Wartość paszowa porównywanych mieszanek, mierzona liczbą wartości użytkowej Lwu, była wyrównana: bardzo dobra i dobra, z wyjątkiem runi obiektu P4 (Lolium perenne L. odm. Baristra), której jakość w wyniku silnej degradacji w ostatnim roku badań, była mierna (Lwu = 5,92). Jakość runi mieszanki modelowej P1 (dostosowanej do siedliska) była bardzo dobra (Lwu = 8,0-9,0) w całym okresie badań, co wynikało z mniejszego zakresu zmian składu botanicznego tej mieszanki. Zaobserwowane zmiany świadczą o zanikaniu różnic wynikających ze składu wysianych mieszanek oraz o wykształcaniu się zbiorowisk dostosowanych florystycznie do panujących warunków siedliskowych. Właściwy dobór gatunków i ich odmian do mieszanek spowalnia ten proces.

EN

Studies were carried out in the years 2006-2010 in the Experimental Farm of the ITP in Biebrza on permanent meadow situated on mud-peat-muck organic soil. Experiments were set up in a random block system in four repetitions on 15 m2 plots. A mixture (the so-called model mixture P1) designed for pasture use in an organic farm was compared with the purchased mixture P2, control (simplified) mixture P3 and an indicator species Lolium perenne L. 4n Barista (P4). Experiment was fertilized with 50 kg P2O5/ha in spring and with 60 kg K2O/ha (30 kg in spring and summer). Sward was mown 5 times. Botanical composition was analysed with the approximate method, sward height was measured on the day of mowing, dry weight yield and its quality was analysed with the method of Filipek (1973). Trifolium repens L. Astra and Riesling, Festuca pratensis Huds. Skra and Agrostis gigantea Roth Mieta sown in mixtures disappeared after 5 years of simulated pasture use. The smallest changes were observed in P1 mixture and the greatest – in the sward of P4 variant (Lolium perenne L. Baristra). Poa pratensis L. Skiz, Phleum pratense L. Skala and Festuca rubra L. Atra appeared most persistent among sown species. Most important from among unsown grasses were Poa pratensis L. and Poa annua L. and from among weeds - a stoloniferous Ranunculus repens L. more tolerant of excessive moisture. Mixtures grew best in the summer period (the 3rd and 4th cut) without significant differences between mixtures. Sward height depended more on moisture conditions and cuts than on mixture types, especially in subsequent years of grassland use. Total yields of particular mixtures were similar (from 18.69 to 20.76 t/ha); slightly larger for simplified (P3) and model (P1) and smallest for P4 variant (Lolium perenne L. Baristra) in pure sowing due to the highest soil degradation. A greater differentiation of yields was found among cuts and years with the most important effect of thermal and moisture conditions. Fodder value measured with the number of utility value was very good and good with the exception of P4 sward (Lolium perenne L.) which, due to a strong degradation in the last study year was mean (Lwu 5.92). Sward of the model mixture P1 was of very good quality (Lwu 8.0-9.0) during the whole study period which was a result of minor changes in its botanical composition. Observed changes evidence diminishing differences resulting from the composition of sown mixtures and the development of communities floristically adapted to habitat conditions. However, proper selection of species and their varieties for mixtures may slow down this process.

12

Exotic floristic composition of Peddagattu, the proposed site for Uranium mining, Nalgonda district, Telangana state, India

63%

Reddy A. B. , Rao V. H. , rao V. V. , Reddy A. V. B.

International Letters of Natural Sciences

|

2015

|

tom 43

EN

The present investigation reflects the findings of exotic floristic composition at Peddagattu, Nalgonda district, Telangana State, India. A total of 125 exotic species of taxa belonging to 101 genera and 44 families were recorded in the study. Leguminosae is the most dominant family representing with 21 species, followed by Compositae (14 species), Apocynaceae, Convolvulaceae and Poaceae (7 species each). As per the nativity of exotic species representation in the study area are mostly from belongs to tropical America followed by tropical Africa and South America at Peddagattu.

13

Warunki siedliskowe i roślinność użytków zielonych na glebach torfowo-murszowych z terenu Pojezierza Olsztyńskiego

63%

Pawluczuk J. , Alberski J.

Woda-Środowisko-Obszary Wiejskie

|

2011

|

tom T. 11, z. 3

183-195

PL

Skład florystyczny użytków zielonych badano na glebach MtICi43, MtIICca, położonych w zróżnicowanych warunkach siedliskowych we wsi Lipniki na Pojezierzu Olsztyńskim. Na podstawie badań geomorfologicznych terenu oraz warunków siedliskowych, gleby MtICi43 na powierzchni I zaliczono do PKWG mokrego (A) i PHSW naporowo-mokrego (NA), gleby MtIICca na powierzchni II do PKWG wilgotnego (B ) i PHSW spływowo-wilgotnego (SB), a na powierzchni III do PKWG posusznego (C) i PHSW spływowo-posusznego (SC). Badane gleby miały odczyn lekko kwaśny do obojętnego. Zasobność gleb w Nog. w warstwach do 40 cm wynosiła średnio 2,3%. Gleby organiczne w warstwach stropowych na powierzchni I, charakteryzowały się wysoką wilgotnością. Średnia wilgotność w okresie wegetacji murszy torfowych gleb MtIICca na powierzchni badań II wynosiła 79,7%, a na powierzchni III 60,4%. Mała wilgotność gleb MtIICca sprzyjała dużej dynamice mineralizacji organicznych związków azotu. Zawartość Nmin. w warstwach murszowych w glebach MtIICca na powierzchni III była największa. Zasobność badanych gleb w potas i magnez można określić jako małą do średniej, a w fosfor – od bardzo małej do dużej. Na glebach MtICi43, gdzie wystąpiły częste zalewy lub podtopienia dominowała roślinność z rodzaju: Carex, Equisetum, Ranunculus i Rumex. Ruń tych zbiorowisk charakteryzowała się uproszczonym składem florystycznym (22,5 gatunków w zdjęciu fitosocjologicznym). Na powierzchni III panowały warunki najdogodniejsze do rozwoju roślinności łąkowo-pastwiskowej (średnio w zdjęciu wyróżniono 30,7 gatunków), z dominacją w runi: wyczyńca łąkowego (Alopecurus pratensis L.), kostrzewy łąkowej (Festuca pratensis Huds.), kostrzewy czerwonej (Festuca rubra L. s. str.), wiechliny łąkowej (Poa pratensis L. s. str.) oraz kłosówki wełnistej (Holcus lanatus L.) i perzu właściwego (Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv.).

EN

Floristic composition of grasslands was studied on MtICi43, MtIICca soils, situated in various habitat conditions of the Olsztyn Lakeland. Based on geomorphological field studies and habitat conditions, MtICi43 soils on surface 1 were classified as wet PKWG (prognostic moisture-soil complex) (A) and thrust-wet PHSW (potential hydrogenic moisture habitat) (NA), MtIICca soils on surface 2 as moist PKWG (B) and runoff-moist PHSW (SB) and those on surface 3 as drying PKWG (SC) and runoff-drying PHSW (SC). Studied soils had a slightly acidic to neutral reaction. Soil total N contents in the upper 40 cm layers ranged from 2.30% to 2.38%. Organic soils in the uppermost layers on surface 1 were characterised by a high moisture (88.9% vol. in summer, from 90.9 to 91.4% vol. in spring and autumn). The average moisture content of peaty moorshs of MtIICca soils on study surface 2 was 79.7% and on surface 3 - 60.4% in the vegetation season. The low moisture of MtIICca soils facilitated a high mineralization dynamics of organic nitrogen compounds. Mineral N content in moorsh layers in MtIICca soils on surface 3 was the highest (22.8 mg dm-³). The content of potassium and magnesium in the studied soils ranged from low to medium and the phosphorus content from very low to high. Plants of the genera: Carex, Equisetum, Ranunculus and Rumex dominated on MtICi43 soils, which were frequently flooded or partially inundated. The sward of these communities was characterised by simplified floristic composition (22.5 species in a phytosociological relevé). The most favourable conditions for the development of meadow-pasture vegetation existed on surface 3 (on average, 30.7 species were found in the relevés), with the domination of: Alopecurus pratensis L., Festuca pratensis Huds., Festuca rubra L. s. str., Poa pratensis L. s. str., Holcus lanatus L. and Agropyron repens (L.) P. Beauv. in the sward.

14

The influence of habitat conditions on developing and floristic character of Arrhenatheretum elatioris community syntaxons in the Flinta valley (Central Poland)

63%

Kaczmarek Z. , Gajewski P. , Grzelak M. , Gaweł A. , Barszczewski J.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 63, nr 2

101--105

EN

Differentiation of habitat conditions results in the development of areas of ryegrass grasslands of significant floristic variation and provides a basis for the distinction of lower phytosociological units. The paper contains a floristic characteristic of Arrhenatheretum elatioris syntaxons regarding their habitats. The aim of the study was a detailed characteristic of habitats including their phytosociological as well as soil properties. The analysis of 44 phytosociological relevés of ryegrass grasslands areas enabled a comparison of their botanical and phytosociological structures as well as of their floristic diversity. Three subassociations were found in it: Arrhenatheretum elatioris typicum, Arrhenatheretum elatioris ranunculetosum repentis and Arrhenatheretum elatioris dactylidosum glomeratae. Furthermore, the paper contains a detailed description and interpretation of soil conditions. Two soil profiles were performed in mucky soils (Mollic Gleysols). In the samples collected from various genetic horizons, such properties were marked: pH, the content of carbon and total nitrogen, calcination loss, texture, soil density and particle density, total and drainage porosity, hygroscopic moisture and maximum hygroscopic capacity, potential of water bonding in soil and its total and readily available waters, total retention and filtration ratio. The examined soils were rich in organic matter and light texture of mineral endopedones which determined their high total porosity. Drainage porosity and filtration ratio were balanced and high, which gave good conditions for natural drainage. Water capacities, at each water bonding potential, were of similar characteristics to soils of similar texture.

PL

Zróżnicowanie warunków siedliskowych przyczynia się do wykształcania płatów łąk rajgrasowych o znacznym zróżnicowaniu florystycznym i daje podstawy do wyróżnienia niższych jednostek fitosocjologicznych. W pracy przedstawiono charakterystykę florystyczną syntaksonów zespołu Arrhenatheretum elatioris w zależności od siedliska. Celem pracy była szczegółowa charakterystyka siedlisk, uwzględniająca zarówno ich fitosocjologię, jak i właściwości glebowe. Analiza 44 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych płatów łąk rajgrasowych umożliwiła porównanie ich struktury botanicznej i fitosocjologicznej oraz różnorodności florystycznej. Oznaczono trzy subasociacje: Arrhenatheretum elatioris typicum, Arrhenatheretum elatioris ranunculetosum repentis, Arrhenatheretum elatioris dactylidosum glomeratae. Ponadto w pracy szczegółowo opisano i zinterpretowane warunki glebowe. Wykonano 2 profile glebowe w glebach murszowatych (Mollic Gleysols). W próbkach, pobranych z poszczególnych poziomów genetycznych, oznaczono takie właściwości jak: pH, zawartość węgla i azotu ogólnego, straty prażenia, uziarnienie, gęstość gleby oraz jej fazy stałej, porowatość całkowitą i drenażową, wilgotność higroskopową oraz maksymalną pojemność higroskopową, potencjał wiązania wody przez glebę oraz jej potencjalną i efektywną retencję użyteczną, retencję całkowitą, współczynnik filtracji. Gleby badanych siedlisk wykazywały dość niską zawartość materii organicznej oraz lekkie uziarnienie endopedonów. Układ tych właściwości, w znacznym stopniu, określał ich cechy funkcjonalne. Ich gęstość była niska, a porowatość całkowita wysoka. Poszczególne pojemności wodne były wysokie, jednakże znaczna część wody była trudno dostępna. Całkowite zdolności retencyjne ocenić można jako korzystne. Obserwowane w ostatniej dekadzie, niekorzystne warunki pogodowe oraz coraz intensywniejsza presja rolnicza, będą prawdopodobnie powodować ewolucję tych gleb w kierunku gleb mineralnych.

15

Ocena uwilgotnienia siedlisk metodą fitoindykacji na zmeliorowanym łąkowym obiekcie pobagiennym Supraśl górna

63%

Kiryluk A.

Inżynieria Ekologiczna

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2012

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tom Nr 29

66-75

PL

W pracy zbadano uwilgotnienie siedlisk łąkowych metodą fitoindykacji. na pobagiennym obiekcie łąkowym Supraśl Górna. Obiekt został zmeliorowany i zagospodarowany w latach 1978-1983. Na 10 płatach roślinnych wykonano w latach 2006 i w 2010 spisy florystyczne i przypisano liczby wilgotnościowe gatunkom według obowiązującej 10-stopniowej skali opracowanej przez Klappa i zmodyfikowanej przez Oświta. Wyniki badań wskazują, że badane łąki pod względem uwilgotnienia są zróżnicowane od siedlisk suchych, okresowo nawilżanych po wilgotne i mokre ( liczby wilgotnościowe 5,30 do 7,64). Ocena uwilgotnienia siedlisk łąkowych metodą fitoindykacyjną okazała się przydatna w badaniach o charakterze marszrutowym, na dużych obiektach. Charakteryzuje się dużą dokładnością i niewielką pracochłonnością.

EN

The moistening of meadow habitats was estimated in the work with the use of phytoindication method on the post-bog meadow object of Supraśl Górna. The object was meliorated and managed in the period of 1978-1983. In 2006 and 2010 on 10 vegetable surface there were made floristic lists and moistening numbers were attributed to the species according to valid 10-gradual scale worked out by Klapp and modified by Oświt. Taking into account the moistening, the results of investigations show that studied meadows are differentiated from dry, periodically moisturized up to fresh and moist habitats (moisture numbers from 5,30 to 7,64). The estimation of moistening of meadow habitats with the use of phytroindication method appeared to be useful in investigations of the interaries character on large objects. It is characterized by large exactitude and small labour-consuming.

16

Semi-natural grasslands : the effects of cutting frequency on long-term changes of floristic Composition

63%

Kramberger B. , Kaligaric M.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2008

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tom Vol. 56, nr 1

33-43

EN

The objective of the experiment was to study the effects of different frequencies of cutting on long-term changes in the floristic composition of grassland, with an emphasis on the effects of very late cutting. Cutting at 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12-weekly intervals was applied from 1995 to 2006 in a randomized block experiment on semi-natural grassland fertilized with 170 kg N, 40 kg P and 150 kg K ha[^-1]. The floristic composition of treatments was determined in May 1995, 1999, 2002 and 2006. In the final year (2006) the proportion of grasses in the dry matter of harvest was highest (77%) in the treatment with the least frequent cuts, and it was the highest obtained during the whole experiment. Under very frequent cuts, the proportion of grasses ranged only from 45 to 57%. Among legumes, only Trifolium repens L. was represented in high proportions in the dry matter of the harvest (from 19 to 25%) in 2006, but only in the treatments involving high cutting frequencies. The proportion of non-legume forbs in treatments involving low cutting frequency did not exceed other treatments; moreover, their proportion in the dry matter of the harvest in the treatment with the lowest cutting frequency decreased significantly to the lowest value (19%). The increased proportion of grasses in treatments with low cutting frequency indicates that a very late cut does not necessarily mean that forbs increase in the floristic composition, but can help grasses to retain their dominant and stable proportion in the semi-natural sward. Consequently when farmers are being provided with financial incentives with the aim of protecting diversity and the natural environment, it is worth recommending also a very late cutting, which includes natural reseeding to a greater extent. This can help to find a compromise between farmers' expectations of stable yield and quality forage, and the public interest in having grasslands of high biodiversity.

17

Influence of Prunus spinosa L. shrub on the grassland vegetation in western Romania

63%

Sarateanu V. , Moisuc A.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2011

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tom no. 15

65-71

EN

Prunus spinosa L. is a shrub species that is leading the permanent grassland to the shrubland successional phase. This species has a great occurrence in western Romania and is difficult to control it because it has a great ability of vegetative spreading from roots. The massive presence of this species in some grassland is due mainly to the abandonment and to the diminishing of the livestock. The vegetation was analysed with the linear point-quadrat method. This work has in view to analyse the influence of this species on some vegetation parameters as species richness, number of grasses, legumes and other species, contribution of grasses, legumes and other species, biodiversity indexes (Shannon - H' and Simpson - D and pastoral value VP.

PL

Śliwa tarnina (Prunus spinosa L.) jest gatunkiem, który zmienia trwałe użytki zielone w ekosystemy zdominowane przez roślinność krzewiastą. Gatunek jest powszechny w zachodniej Rumunii i trudny do opanowania ze względu na dużą zdolność wegetatywnego rozmnażania z korzeni. Masowe pojawy gatunku w ekosystemach trawiastych spowodowane są zaniechaniem ich użytkowania i zmniejszeniem obsady zwierząt. Roślinność analizowano linową metodą punktowokwadratową. Celem badań była analiza wpływu gatunku na pewne cechy roślinności takie jak bogactwo gatunkowe, liczba i udział gatunków trawiastych, motylkowych i innych, wskaźniki różnorodności gatunkowej (Shannona - H' i Simpsona - D) oraz wartość pastwiskowa VP.

18

Assessing the factors limiting the Rosa gallica L. shrub occurrence in Romanian grasslands (case study)

63%

Sarateanu V. , Moisuc A. , Laies D. G.

Journal of Water and Land Development

|

2011

|

tom no. 15

91-98

EN

The purpose of this work is to show how are influencing different fertilisation types and years of utilisation on the occurrence of the species Rosa gallica L. (French rose) in the analysed grassland. Other aspects analysed here are its interrelation with different parameters of the vegetation as botanical composition, biodiversity and pastoral value. The vegetation data were collected using the linear point-quadrate method. The analysed permanent grassland has a relatively constant contribution of the species R. gallica L. in the vegetation sward. The grassland where it was developed this study was dominated by Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin and Filipendula vulgaris Moench., other species with important contributions being Achillea millefolium L., Plantago lanceolata L. and R. gallica L. The fertilisation and harvesting of the biomass hasn't influenced the contribution of R. gallica L. during the six years of researches.

PL

Celem przedstawionej pracy było wykazanie, w jaki sposób nawożenie i czas użytkowania wpływają na występowanie Rosa gallica L. na badanych użytkach zielonych. Badano także wpływ innych czynników, jak: skład botaniczny, różnorodność gatunkowa i wartość pastewna. Dane o roślinności zbierano metodą punktowo-kwadratową. Udział R. gallica L. w runi badanego trwałego użytku zielonego był w miarę stały. Dominującymi gatunkami były tam Festuca valesiaca Schleich. ex Gaudin i Filipendula vulgaris Moench., a znaczny udział w runi miały także Achillea millefolium L., Plantago lanceolata L. i R. gallica L. Nawożenie i zbiór biomasy nie wpływały na występowanie R. gallica L. w czasie 6 lat badań.

19

Geobotanical conditions of grassland habitats in the Samica Leszczyńska River valley

63%

Gajewski P. , Grzelak M. , Kaczmarek Z. , Glina B. , Mocek A. , Rybczyński P. , Tylman O.

Journal of Research and Applications in Agricultural Engineering

|

2016

|

tom Vol. 61, nr 3

101--104

EN

The paper presents a complex characteristics of grassland communities situated in the valley of the Samica Leszczyńska River, in the village Błotkowo (Wielkopolskie Voivoidship, Leszczyński County). It contains a detailed description and interpretation of soil conditions and phytosociological research, which is connected with it. On the basis of phytosociological relevés, floristic composition of the sward was determined. The following communities were described: Phragmitetum australis, Scirpetum silvatici, Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Caricetum ripariae. Four soil profiles were made. Such soil parameters as pH, content of total carbon, soil texture, bulk density and particle density, total porosity, saturated hydraulic conductivity, maximal hygroscopic capacity, soil potential of binding water and its total and readily available water. The investigated soils represents various soil types. They were formed from peat sediments, moorshiefied in various stage, overlying gyttja (peat and moorsh soil types), as well as from river sediments (Haplic Fluvisol). Their trophism differed. The groundwater level in soils appeared on various depths. A system of basic physical and chemical properties was typical to Polish soils of similar origin, texture and organic matter content.

PL

W pracy przedstawiono kompleksową charakterystykę siedlisk łąkowo-pastwiskowych usytuowanych w obrębie doliny Samicy Leszczyńskiej, na odcinku Murkowo-Błotkowo (województwo wielkopolskie; powiat leszczyński). Zawiera ona szczegółowy opis i interpretację warunków glebowych oraz, powiązanych z nimi, badań fitosocjologicznych. Przeanalizowano 38 zdjęć fitosocjologicznych. Wyróżnione syntaksony zidentyfikowano i zaklasyfikowano do systemu fitosocjologicznego. Sklasyfikowano następujące zbiorowiska: Phragmitetum australis, Scirpetum silvatici, Arrhenatheretum elatioris, Caricetum ripariae. Na badanym terenie wykonano 4 odkrywki glebowe. W pobranym materiale glebowym oznaczono takie właściwości, jak: pH, zawartość węgla ogólnego, skład granulometryczny, gęstość objętościową i fazy stałej gleby, porowatość całkowitą , współczynnik filtracji, maksymalną pojemność higroskopową, potencjał wiązania wody przez glebę oraz jej potencjalną i efektywną retencję użyteczną. Badane gleby reprezentowały różne typy. Wytworzone z osadów torfowych - w różnym stopniu zmurszałych - posadowionych na gytii reprezentowały gleby torfowe i murszowe, natomiast wytworzone z nanosów rzecznych zakwalifikowano jako mady właściwe. Ponadto charakteryzowały się zróżnicowaną troficznością. Zwierciadło wód glebowo-gruntowych występowało w nich na znacznie zróżnicowanych głębokościach. Układ podstawowych właściwości fizycznych i chemicznych był typowy dla gleb Polski o zbliżonych: genezie, uziarnieniu i zawartości materii organicznej.

20

Seed germination requirements of Ficus virens (Moraceae) as adaptation to its hemi-epiphyte life form

63%

Ji M. , Qin H. , Chen H. , Wen B.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2018

|

tom 66

|

nr 1

EN

Epiphytes and hemi-epiphytes are important floristic, structural and functional components of tropical rainforests. Their specific responses to light, temperature and water conditions during seed germination allow them to coexist with tropical forest trees. Here we investigated the effects of temperature, red to far-red light ratio (R:FR ratio) and water stress on seed germination of Ficus virens in tropical seasonal rainforest in Southwest China. We used incubators to create required temperature regimes, polyester filters to produce R:FR ratio gradients and mannitol solutions to simulate water stress. It was found that seed germination of F. virens was inhibited in the simulated understory conditions, i.e., at lower temperature (22/23°C), especially when combined with the R:FR ratio of 0.25, for which the germination percentage was less than 20%. In contrast, the seed germination percentages in the simulated canopy environment (22/32°C) showed no significant difference between R:FR ratios, with an average seed germination percentage as high as 65.8%. Seed germination delayed and decreased along with increasing water stress and was completely inhibited at -2.5 MPa, which might suggest that it is a kind of adaptation for F. virens seeds to detect the rainy season as germination chance on the canopy. Therefore, our study revealed the physiological mechanism for F. virensto be able to adapt to canopy environment.