Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

The Effect of the Geometric Structure of Flood Plain Vegetation on the Probability of Passing for Plant Debris

100%

Walczak N. , Walczak Z. , Hämmerling M.

Journal of Ecological Engineering

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2016

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tom Vol. 17, nr 4

304--310

EN

Flood plains are a specific sedimentary environment. They are a natural clarifier and filter for rivers carrying large amounts of heavy metals, biogenic elements and other contaminants transported during high water and floods. Plenty of it is accumulated in the riverbank zone of channels i.e. a buffer strip. This is a relatively narrow strip of land situated along watercourses, often covered with riparian plants. It is functionally associated with river flooding and it forms a transition zone to ecosystems of mixed (oak-lime-hornbeam) forest plants. These plants unquestionably grow into a natural protective system of surface waters against contamination flowing down from areas used for agricultural purposes. Buffer zones provide the opportunity for self-cleaning, and according researchers they are among the most efficient natural tools to protect a catchment area. They can reduce the amount of sediments and nutrients carried by surface water flowing down from agricultural areas. Besides positive effects, the zones are accompanied by the phenomenon of flow blockage, which is particularly hazardous in case of directing great water away from its main channel. Shrubby vegetation retains small elements of plant origin and thus the free flow of water stopped. The article analyses the effect of vegetation structure density on flow conditions for small plant debris on a laboratory scale.

2

The impact of inundation-isolation cycles on the culturable bacterioplankton in the Danube River floodplain

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Palijan G. , Bogut I. , Vidakovic J.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 3

391-403

EN

The investigation was conducted in the Kopački Rit Nature Park (eastern Croatia) which is established to protect the floodplain area of the Danube River. The samples were collected monthly in four sites (channels and lakes) with increasing distance from the river. The aim of investigation was to examine trophic structure of culturable bacterioplankton in relation to inundation-isolation cycles on sampling sites with unequal degree of connection with the Danube river. A change in the ratio of copiotrophs (r-strategists) to oligotrophs (K-strategists) was expected as the different organic carbon sources emerged. The composition of variables was revealed by Principal Component Analysis of abiotic water properties (temperature, water depth, transparency, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, nutrient concentrations) and the chlorophyll-a concentration. Scores of significant components were used in a Multiple Regression as independent variables and the relationship between the scores and abundance of colony forming units (CFUs) was examined. Regression model was significant only for copiotrophs, and their relative dominance was noticed in couple of samples on more isolated sampling sites. In all other samples oligotrophs were a dominant group, especially during the flood pulses or drainage after it. Their elevated abundance was equally distributed in all groups revealed by Principal Component Analysis, and corresponds to the fluvial action. Also concerning the η (eta) squared and R squared values from the two-way ANOVA (sites/samplings) oligotrophs are highly influenced by the sampling period i.e. inundation-isolation cycles. They are probably driven by the allochthonous organic matter provided by floods or have allochthonous origin itself. At the same time, copiotrophs are to some extent coupled with the established water properties, i. e. bottom-up controlled and their abundance is influenced by the localisation of sampling sites in the floodplain. These results describe the development of the conditions that promote habitat specific succession of the culturable bacterioplankton. Established differences had disappeared after additional inundation-isolation cycles.

3

Changes in land cover and management of floodplains located in towns along the Oder River in the context of flood risk assessment

75%

Glosinska E. , Lechowski L.

Polish Journal of Environmental Studies

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2014

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tom 23

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nr 1

EN

This article describes the changes in the land cover and management of floodplains in towns located on Poland’s Oder River, estimates flood risk and how it has been changing in these towns, and how these changes have affected the environment. The paper also includes an analysis of trends in floodplain management defined in local planning documents. The research was conducted for the period of 1995-2010 and included two towns: Kostrzyn on the Oder and Krosno Odrzańskie. The former lies in the lower course of the Oder and the latter in its middle section. The research indicates that flood risk has risen due to the continuous development of urbanized areas (both unbuilt and built-up) that used to be exploited as arable land. That had a negative effect on the environment, as well.

4

Delay in the flow of plant debris on floodplains overgrown with shrub vegetation

75%

Hammerling M. , Walczak N. , Zawadzki P. , Kaluza T.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Formatio Circumiectus

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2014

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tom 13

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nr 4

EN

The study aims to analyze the statistical probability of the slowing down of the plant debris flow through an area rich in shrub vegetation during floods. The shrub density has a direct influence on water velocity. The study was conducted in a 2-meter section of an artificial hydraulic flume. 15 tests were made for each of the different-shaped elements. The artificial elements used were either rectangular or elliptical in shape. Tests were conducted for three different spacings of cylindrical elements imitating the shrub vegetation and for three different depths of the hydraulic flume. Analysis of the test results leads to the conclusion that an increase in the density of cylindrical elements does not always cause an increase in the flow time of plant debris. The study also shows that an increase in the water depth causes an increase in the flow time of elements imitating the thick debris, which is due to a decrease in the water flow velocity. The study also presents an analysis of the probability of plant debris being detained by the cylindrical elements imitating the shrubs. This probability was observed to be higher for rectangular than elliptical elements. It was also observed to be inversely proportional to the water depth. The obtained results indicate that the subject matter of the current study is very interesting and complex and merits further investigation.

PL

W pracy przeanalizowano statystycznie prawdopodobieństwo spowolnienia przepływu rumoszu roślinnego w czasie wezbrania przez teren porośnięty roślinnością krzewiastą. Sposób ułożenie materiału w obszarze blokującym przepływ (krzew) wpływa bezpośrednio na wartości prędkości i oporu hydraulicznego. Doświadczenie przeprowadzono w korycie hydraulicznym, w którym na odcinku 2,0 m w 15 powtórzeniach wykonywano badania dla elementów imitujących rumosz o różnych kształtach. Obserwowano wpływ roślinności krzewiastej na warunki przepływu rumoszu grubego, modelowanego za pomocą płaskich elementów sporządzonych ze styropianu w warunkach laboratoryjnych. W badaniach imitowany rumosz przyjmował kształty prostokąta lub elipsy. Badania przeprowadzono przy trzech różnych rozstawach elementów cylindrycznych imitujący krzewy oraz dla trzech różnych napełnień koryta hydraulicznego. Analizując wyniki doświadczeń, stwierdzono, że wzrost gęstości elementów cylindrycznych imitujących krzewy nie zawsze powodował zwiększenie czasu przepływu rumoszu. Badania laboratoryjne pokazały, że wraz ze wzrostem głębokości wody w korycie zwiększał się czas przepłynięcia elementów imitujących rumosz gruby, co było spowodowane zmniejszaniem się prędkości przepływu wody w korycie. W pracy wykonano również analizę prawdopodobieństwa zatrzymania rumoszu roślinnego między cylindrycznymi elementami imitującymi krzewy. Prawdopodobieństwo zatrzymania się rumoszu jest większe dla elementów o kształcie prostokątnym niż dla elementów eliptycznych oraz maleje wraz ze wzrostem głębokości wody w korycie badawczym. Uzyskane wyniki wskazują, że podjęty problem badawczy jest bardzo interesujący i złożony, dlatego warto kontynuować prace w tym kierunku w przyszłości.

5

Heavy metals in fluvial sediments of the Odra River flood plains - introductory research

75%

Ibragimow A. , Glosinska G. , Siepak M. , Walna B.

Quaestiones Geographicae

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2010

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tom 29

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nr 1

6

Turbulent kinetic energy of water in a compound channel

75%

Koziol A. P.

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2011

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tom 43

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nr 2

7

Towards natural flood reduction strategies: introduction to Ecoflood special feature

75%

Kotowski W. , Okruszko T.

Journal of Water and Land Development

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2004

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nr 08

8

Population structure of water frogs in a floodplain of the River Danube [Szigetkoz] in Hungary

75%

Gubanyi A. , Creemers R.

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1994

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tom 39

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nr 3-4

9

Aquatic mollusc communities in riparian sites of different size, hydrological connectivity and succession stage

75%

Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska E.

Polish Journal of Ecology

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2008

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tom 56

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nr 1

EN

The aim of the present study was to describe the diversity and abundance of the mollusc communities in long and diverse series of riparian water bodies (59 in total) and to compare them with previous (two years before) studies based on much shorter series of sites (21 in total). An attempt was made to check whether the previous analysis of mollusc groupings is suitable to the classification of the riparian sites of a large area. The studies were carried out in the years 2004–2006 in left-bank part of the valley between 53 and 152 km of the course of the lowland medium sized natural river (Bug River, Eastern Poland) in 59 water bodies differing as regards size (from about 0.01 to a few ha), location in the valley, hydrological regime and successional stage. The samples were collected from the bottom (with dredge) and from macrophytes. The high species richness and diversity were found within the study area despite that the natural floodplain fragments were quite small (about 10% of the whole investigated fragment of the river valley). 52 mollusc species were noted: 36 snails and 16 bivalves (over 50% more than in the preliminary series). Relatively rich malacofauna existed in larger and younger water bodies, as well as in some temporary ones, but located in the active floodplain. Species diversity of individual habitats was comparable to that reported from the earlier study (Jurkiewicz-Karnkowska 2006), i.e. H’ values amounted to 2–3 in most cases. However, there were more cases where H’ values exceeded 3, as well as H’ values were higher at larger scale, i.e. site groups and the total study area (3.5–4.5). The most common species (F≥ 50%) within the investigated area were Lymnaea stagnalis, Bithynia tentaculata, Planorbarius corneus, Anisus vortex, Radix balthica and Viviparus contectus. The most frequent species usually constituted significant components of mollusc communities of individual water bodies. The only species with percentages exceeding 10% of total mollusc abundance at the scale of the study area were P. corneus and L. stagnalis. The abundance of molluscs was of the order of several to a few hundred individuals per sample (0.5–1 m2 of bottom). Basing on the occurrence of molluscs in the investigated habitats I–V groups of water bodies were distinguished applying multivariate analysis. They differed in abundance, dominance pattern and diversity of malacocoenoses, as well as frequencies of individual species. Especially high distinctness of malacocoenoses of small temporary water bodies was found.

10

Restoration of a river landscape: Biotopes as a basis for quantification of species diversity and evaluation of landscape quality

63%

Mekotova J. , Sarapatka B. , Sterba O. , Harper D.

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nr 1-4

43-51

11

Impact of land use on flora composition - two examples from the Warta Mouth National Park, Poland

63%

Wojciechowska M.

Steciana

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2014

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tom 18

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nr 3

EN

Strong and long-lasting human activity in most European lowland river valleys results in narrowing the area of inudated ecosystems from wide floodplains to the space between embankments. This concerns especially regulation and drainage works, as well as hydrotechnical infrastructure construciton. The Warta Mouth National Park is a suitable region for inudated habitats research – over 5000 hectars of flood reservoir gathers here excess of water every year. It is one of the biggest flooded area in this part of Europe. The aim of this study was the analysis of flora changes over the dozen of years. The two inudated surfaces, different in respect of land use, were compared. Results indicate significant influence of land use on flora composition.

12

Water bodies of the floodplain of the middle Pilica River as habitats of Anodonta cygnea

63%

Abraszewska A.

Folia Malacologica

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2012

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tom 20

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nr 1

13

Próba wykorzystania równania Erguna do określania współczynnika szorstkości terenów zalewowych

63%

Walczak N. , Zawadzki P. , Walczak Z.

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tom 12

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nr 3

PL

W pracy przedstawiono wyznaczanie współczynnika szorstkości przy wykorzystaniu modyfikacji równania Manninga i Erguna. Gęstość roślin jest jednym z parametrów, które wpływają na współczynnik szorstkości i spadek hydrauliczny zwierciadła wody. W obliczeniach hydraulicznych zachodzi konieczność uwzględnienia oddziaływania zbiorowiska roślinnego na przepływ. Najczęściej stosuje się wówczas współczynnik szorstkości odczytywany z tablic Ven Te Chowa. Dobór wartości współczynnika z tablic może być niejednoznaczny. Brak empirycznej zależności tego parametru może wpływać na przeszacowanie albo niedoszacowania wartości przepływu przez analizowany obszar. Prezentowane formuły obliczeniowe charakteryzują strukturę geometryczną roślinności terenów zalewowych i mogą być alternatywą do wyznaczania współczynnika szorstkości na podstawie wspomnianych tablic.

EN

The authors present the method for determining the coefficient of roughness using the modified Manning’s and Erung’s equation in the article. The density of plants in the area is one of the parameters influencing the roughness coefficient and the water table decline as well. It’s necessary to use the roughness factor taken from the Ven Te Chow’s tables in the hydraulic calculations the effect of plant communities on the flow. The selection of the above coefficient could be ambiguous. This may be the cause of overestimation or underestimation of the flow through the analyzed area. Presented mathematical equations describe the geometric structure of plants community in a flood area and could be an alternative to the classical methods for roughness coefficient estimation.

14

Hydrotechnic structures on the Pomeranian rivers - a reaction to extreme hydrologic phenomena in the 19th century (in the example of the upper Wieprza)

63%

Florek W. , Jaromij J. , Skwierawska M.

Geographia Polonica

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2010

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tom 83

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nr 1

15

Geomorphic structure and land cover of extensively managed floodplains of the Nida River

63%

Zajac T. , Korzeniak J. , Solarz W. , Zajac K. , Krol W. , Krzysciak-Kosinska R.

Nature Conservation

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2002

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tom 59

91-97

16

A hydrodynamic model coupled with GIS for flood characteristics analysis in the Biebrza riparian wetland

63%

Chormanski J. , Miroslaw-Swiatek D. , Michalowski R.

Oceanological and Hydrobiological Studies

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2009

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tom 38

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nr 1

65-73

17

The flood extent in the lower Biebrza basin calculated by the 1D flow model for different land use scenarios

63%

Szporak S. , Miroslaw-Swiatek D. , Chormanski J.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Land Reclamation

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2008

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tom 40

18

Hydraulic model investigation of flow conditions for floodplains with coniferous and deciduous shrubs

63%

Tyminski T.

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nr 4

EN

This paper presents the results from a laboratory research project about water flow through and around coniferous and deciduous shrubs. These are the only two types of shrubs that were considered in this research project. The shrub obstruction consisted of natural branches fixed in the bed of the flume, transversly to the direction of the flow. Besides hydrodynamic parameters, shrub density, water swelling over them, and local drag coefficients of the shrubs was measured and calculated. The final measurement was influenced by the density of both shrub types mentioned above and the spatial orientation of their branches in specified shrub zones in the path of the flowing water. These were analyzed both quantitatively and qualitatively and the appropriate computational formulae were proposed.

19

Effects of water quantity on connectivity: the case of the upper Parana River floodplain

63%

Agostinho A. A. , Bonecker C. C. , Gomes L. C.

International Journal of Ecohydrology and Hydrobiology

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2009

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tom 09

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nr 1

EN

The hydrological regime is the main force driving processes in river-floodplain systems. The flood pulse concept serves as a base from which to study the processes acting in such a system. However, when the flood pulse is regulated and there is a need to re-establish the hydrography at close to natural conditions, the best way to achieve this is via ecohydrology, a newly emerging paradigm. In this paper, we use principles of ecohydrology to evaluate the effect of water quantity on the limnology, biota and fishery of the upper Paraná River systems, where a UNESCO demonstration site on ecohydrology is located. In addition, we argue that dam operation can be crucial for restoring the hydrography of the Paraná River to near natural conditions. The data used were collected between 1986 and 2006 in several habitats of the floodplain. The limnology, biota (periphyton, phytoplankton, zooplankton, benthic invertebrates, fish, macrophytes and riparian vegetation) and fishery (ecosystems services) were all influenced by the alteration in the hydrography prompted by the functioning of the dams located upstream from the demonstration site area. Moreover, the observed deterioration of the water quality due to the presence of toxic cyanobacteria is another strong argument for adjusting the dam’s operation to reestablish the timing of the floods to match critical periods of the biota in order to restore ecosystem biodiversity and services.

20

Contrasting elevational responses of regularly flooded marsh plants in navigable estuaries

63%

Heuner M. , Schroder B. , Schroder U. , Kleinschmit B.

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tom 19

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nr 1