Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

100%

Vidal-Conti J.

Journal of Physical Education & Health - Social Perspective

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2013

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tom 2

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nr 4

57-62

XX

Physical fitness and health are two concepts that more and more evidence show their close relationship. The main aim of this paper is to provide an assessment protocol accessible, affordable and easy to apply, to assess fitness and health. To test the protocol, a total amount of 115 participants (59 men and 56 women) aged 25.9 years were assessed. The assessment protocol is designed and tested for application in a population over 18 years of age. It was used to assess the University of Balearic Islands community users. Based on evidence and validated tests (Alpha and Afisal test batteries, Stepping Queen College Test), the following measures for the design of the protocol for assessing the level of fitness and health were recorded: anthropometry (weight, BMI, body fat, waist circumference), fitness (lower extremity strength, upper body endurance, hand grip strength, maximum oxygen intake, flexibility), and blood pressure. The assessment protocol include the previous action of the reception of the participant (explanation and administering of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire and the Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire) and an ending action where a report of the results obtained and individual recommendations to improve the overall fitness and health level is provided to each participant.

2

Mood Changes in Individuals Who Regularly Participate in Various Forms of Physical Activity

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Myrna-Bekas R. , Kałwa M. , Stefaniak T. , Kulmatycki L.

Human Movement

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2012

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tom 13

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nr 2

170-177

EN

Purpose. A number of mental and physical benefits arise from leading an active lifestyle. Many forms of therapies make use of physical activity to reinforce rehabilitation as well as improve the condition of the body and mind. It is in this way that an individual can improve their well-being through cleansing the body of negative emotions and seek inner harmony, which is one of the most important features of mental health. However, the question arises whether all forms of physical activity improve the emotional state of an individual in the same way. A qualitative change in mood may be in fact related to the methodical factors present in physical activity (the type of exercise, the training method or its intensity and frequency) but also an instructor's personality, the age and gender of the participant as well as their physical fitness and motor skills, the subject's current social and mental state, environmental factors or other factors related to everyday life such as work, family, etc. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in mood of physically active and highly fit people, aged 22-25 years, after various forms of physical activity and with different training methodologies. Methods. The Mood Adjective Check List (UMACL) was administered to 84 students before and after completing a course in a number of physical activities. Statistical methods were then applied to the results to measure the size of the differences and for any statistical significance. Results. The results found that regardless of the form of physical activity or class duration, there was a positive change in the mood of participants. Differences in size of the changes, when compared to the forms of physical activity and gender, were not found. Conclusions. The improvement in mood of fit and regularly physically active adults is observed regardless what form of physical activity is practiced.

3

Effects of Aquatic and Dry Land Resistance Training Devices on Body Composition and Physical Capacity in Postmenopausal Women

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Colado J. , Garcia-Masso X. , Rogers M. , Tella V. , Benavent J. , Dantas E.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2012

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tom 32

185-195

EN

To determine the effects of a supervised strength training program on body composition and physical capacity of older women using three different devices: weight machines, elastic bands, and aquatic devices that increase drag forces (ADIDF). Four groups were formed: control group, weight machine group (WMG), elastic band group (EBG) and a group that used ADIDF (ADIDFG). Body composition and physical capacity were assessed before and after the intervention period. The ADIDFG showed improvements in fat mass (FM), fat-free mass of the left arm (FFM-LA) and right arm (FFM-RA), knee push-up test (KPT), squat test (ST) and crunch test (CT) (p <0.05). Individuals in the EBG and WMG also improved their FM, fat free mass (FFM), FFM-LA, FFM-RA, KPU, ST and CT. ADIDF training improves body composition and physical capacity of postmenopausal women as does performing land-based training programs.

4

The Influence of Various Fitness Forms on the Reduction of the Adipose Tissue

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Adamczyk J. , Brzezek-Żukowska K. , Boguszewski D.

Baltic Journal of Health and Physical Activity

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2011

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tom 3

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nr 3

154-160

EN

Background: An assessment of the influence of a six-week cycle of fitness activities on the state of the adipose tissue in students and an assessment of the efficiency of chosen fitness exercises (STEP, LOW and TBC) in the reduction of the adipose tissue.Material/Methods: Subjects performed physical exercises of the fitness character within a period of 6 weeks. Exercises took place three times a week. Three types of fitness forms of the same intensity were chosen for the research: STEP, LOW and TBC. The subjects were recommended a change in the hitherto existing way of nutrition. The parameters measured were: the height and the mass of the body and the thickness of chosen skin folds (on a shoulder, under a scapula, on the abdomen, on a shin).Results: Systematic participation in fitness exercises as aerobic forms is an efficient and a safe form of the reduction of the adipose tissue; however, six weeks' long STEP, LOW and TBC fitness forms with a frequency of 3 times per week, in the class of 75 examined students, did not bring statistically essential changes of these parameters in those examined. Without a change of the already existing diet, a decrease in the body mass was noted in 54.7% of them; however, a reduction of the adipose tissue followed in 58.7%. For the lack of the possibility of the inspection of the diet of the examined participants, this result can be considered as satisfying. LOW proved to be the activity most efficiently affecting the decrease in the body mass, where the reduction occurred in 61.5% of those exercising. TBC is the most efficient form in the reduction of the adipose tissue. The effect was obtained by 66.7% of those exercising in this class.Conclusions: The applied program of exercises did not have an essential influence on the reduction of both the body mass and the level of the adipose tissue. To prevent the occurrence of overweight and obesity, the applied program of exercises can be used as a form of everyday activity.

5

Environmental diversity in somatic development and physical fitness of six-year-old children

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Trzcińska D. , Świderska D. , Tabor P. , Olszewska E.

Polish Journal of Sport and Tourism

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2013

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tom 20

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nr 4

269-273

EN

Introduction. In the auxologic literature numerous publications confirming the importance of environmental factors for the biological processes of growth and development of motor skills of children and adolescents can be found. The aim of the study was a comparative assessment of the level of somatic development and physical fitness of six-year-old children in urban and rural areas. Material and methods. The study was conducted in 2011-2013. A total of 1,057 children, including the 371 boys and girls from the Warsaw agglomeration and 147 boys and 168 girls from the rural environment in the Lublin region were subjects of the study. The average age was 5.87 (±0.30) years. In order to determine the status of somatic development the following features were measured: height and weight, 3 circumferences (shoulder, chest and waist), and 5 skinfolds (above the biceps and triceps, subscapular, on the stomach and on the calf). To assess the motor level the fitness test was used, consisting of the 5 following tests: seated forward bend, shuttle run 10x5 m, standing long jump, sitting-up for 30 s, and 1 kg medicine ball throw with both hands above the head forward. In the mathematical analysis of numerical data the selected techniques of descriptive statistics and Student's t-test and chisquare test were used. Results. Average values of height and weight, and body circumferences were higher in the rural areas (in these measurements of boys' body weight and broad parameters differed significantly). In environments differing in the degree of urbanization of place of residence a similar level of fatness was reported. In the most tests of physical fitness better results were achieved by rural children. This dominance was found especially in the 10x5 m shuttle run and the medicine ball throw. In these tests, there were significant differences in both sex groups. In addition, rural boys achieved significantly better results in the standing long jump and girls - in forward bend. Conclusions. The presence of signaled in the literature urbanization gradients in the rates of somatic development in favor of the urban population was not confirmed. In terms of selected anthropometric parameters (body circumferences) even a significant advantage of six-year-old children in rural areas against the peers in the city was noted. Dominance of the respondents from the rural environment has also been found in the image of their physical fitness. Higher levels of somatic-motor school readiness of six-year-old children from rural areas as compared with urban peers were shown.

6

New Prospect for Improving University Students’ Quality of Life

88%

Edvy L.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2015

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tom 66

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nr 1

65-74

EN

It is well-known that the poor exercise habits characterizing modern civilization are a high risk factor in health. Countervailing them is the responsibility of all social subsystems. This study aims to observe the role of higher education within the framework of comprehensive research carried out at the University of Pannonia, Hungary. A course meeting university standards has been developed for students, the future opinion-shapers, which intends to strengthen the health consciousness, the basis of physical fitness. The objective of the article is to prove the effectiveness of the course and its impact on lifestyle through a longitudinal study. Accordingly, it aims to answer the following questions: Can a change be observed in the factors of students’ psychological and health-related quality of life? Does the health consciousness developed by the course result in a more efficient health-enhancing physical activity? Does broadening knowledge provide long-term motivation for maintaining an active lifestyle? The efficiency of the course has been evaluated through changes observed in the participating students’ quality of life and health consciousness using the following methods: survey (N= 479), in-depth interview (N= 86), and triangulation. The results of the study support the basic assumption that the knowledge acquired in the course contributes in the short run to the students planning their health-preserving life-coaching more consciously, while quality of life indicators change in the long run. Consequently, it has been determined that the transmission of knowledge through the course is an undertakeable and successful endeavor of higher education in the field of health education.

7

A meta-analysis of influence of yoga activities on reaction time as a component of skill related fitness

88%

Ghuntla T. P. , Dholakiya J. R.

Health Promotion & Physical Activity

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2023

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tom 24

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nr 3

50-55

EN

Introduction: Yoga practices are known to have beneficial effect on cognitive functions. Reaction is a purposeful voluntary response to external stimuli. Reaction time is a component of skill related fitness. Humans gives response to different external environmental stimuli with different speed. Majority of daily work is done in response to visual and auditory stimuli. Yoga practices may improve reaction time. Objectives: To study influence of yoga practices on auditory reaction time and visual reaction time. Methods: Researchers used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analysis. Researchers searched articles on PubMed, Google scholar and by manual search. Searched articles were screened for relevancy. By use of inclusion and exclusion criteria potential articles were selected. Results: Out of 287articles, finally 5 studies included in current meta-analysis. Yoga activities has effect on visual reaction time (VRT): SMD = 3.06, 95% CI = –0.66–6.78, P < 0.01 and auditory reaction time (ART): SMD = 2.86, 95% CI = –0.37–6.09. Conclusion: Yogic activities can provide beneficial effect on reaction time. Improved reaction time is important for reactive activity like sports. Yoga can be useful as a part of training in skill related work. There is wide scope for further studies to evaluate beneficial effects of yoga activities.

8

Psychological gender among women involved in different forms of group physical activity

88%

Bąk-Sosnowska M. G. , Urban A. , Gruszczyńska M.

Annales Academiae Medicae Silesiensis

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2018

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nr 72

128-133

EN

INTRODUCTION: Gender is a combination of psychological characteristics ascribed by culture to men or women. It is unrelated to biological sex but affects one’s experiences, reactions and behavior. The aim of the study was to compare the psychological gender of women involved in different forms of physical activity. MATERIAL AND METHODS: We examined 112 adult women who have been practicing yoga (Group A) or other group activities (Group B) at least once monthly for at least 1 month. We used the Sex Role Inventory (SRI) and short version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). RESULTS: There were no statistically significant differences between Group A and Group B with regard to age, body mass, BMI, or duration of physical activity per week (p > 0.05). The mean IPAQ score was high in both groups (> 1500 MET); the difference between the groups was not significant (p > 0.05). The majority of subjects from Group A displayed feminine gender (57.14%) as measured by the SRI, followed by undetermined (28.57%), androgynous (10.71%), and masculine (3.57%). The majority of subjects from Group B exhibited androgynous (35.71%) gender, followed by undetermined (33.93%), masculine (23.21%), and feminine (7.14%). The differences between the groups were significant in that regard (p < 0.001). No relationship between the results of the SRI and IPAQ questionnaire was noted (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Women practicing yoga differ with respect to the type of psychological gender from women involved in other physical activities. Feminine gender dominates in the first group, while androgynous is most common in the latter.

PL

WSTĘP: Płeć psychologiczna jest zbiorem cech psychicznych, kulturowo przypisywanych mężczyźnie lub kobiecie. Nie ma związku z płcią biologiczną, ale wpływa na sposób przeżywania, reagowania i zachowania człowieka. Celem badania było porównanie płci psychologicznej kobiet uprawiających jogę oraz inne formy grupowej aktywności fizycznej. MATERIAŁ I METODY: Zbadano 112 dorosłych kobiet, które przynajmniej od 1 miesiąca uprawiały minimum 1 raz w tygodniu jogę (grupa A) lub inną grupową formę aktywności fizycznej (grupa B). Zastosowano Inwentarz Płci Psychologicznej (IPP) oraz Skrócony Międzynarodowy Kwestionariusz Aktywności Fizycznej (IPAQ). WYNIKI: Między grupą A i B nie wykazano różnic istotnych statystycznie w zakresie: wieku, masy ciała, BMI, czasu aktywności fizycznej w tygodniu (p > 0,05). W kwestionariuszu IPAQ średni wynik w obu grupach był wysoki (> 1500 MET), różnica między grupami nie była istotna (p > 0,05). W inwentarzu IPP najwięcej badanych z grupy A prezentowało płeć psychologiczną kobiecą (57,14%), następnie nieokreśloną płciowo (28,57%), androgeniczną (10,71%) i męską (3,57%). W grupie B najwięcej badanych miało płeć psychologiczną androgeniczną (35,71%), następnie: nieokreśloną (33,93%), męską (23,21%) i kobiecą (7,14%). Różnica między grupami była w tym zakresie istotna (p < 0,001). Nie potwierdzono zależności między wynikami inwentarza IPP i kwestionariusza IPAQ (p > 0,05). WNIOSKI: Kobiety uprawiające jogę różnią się w zakresie płci psychologicznej od kobiet uprawiających inne formy aktywności fizycznej. W pierwszej grupie dominuje płeć psychologiczna żeńska, w drugiej zaś androgeniczna.

9

Fit and Healthy in Middle Adulthood – Do Fitness Levels Make a Difference

88%

Klemm K. , Brehm W. , Schmidt S. , De Clerck I. L. , Bös K.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

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2020

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tom 30

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nr 2

33-46

EN

Strong evidence exists that fitness is a physical health resource, which serves to protect one’s health. There is still uncertainty about which fitness level provides the best health outcome and which measurements can be used for analyzing this question. This cross-sectional study analyzed 462 (64.07% female) German middle-aged adults regarding their fitness status, physical activity (Non-Exercise test), body composition (Body Mass Index) and heart-related health status. Motor tests were used to measure the health-related fitness status. The heart-related health status was surveyed by questionnaire and diagnosis was done in part by a physician. Relationships between risk factors and fitness factors are visible during the correlative analysis. They are substantially more visible in the differentiation of people with and without risks. People with low fitness show noticeable risks in activity, Body Mass Index and heart-related health. People with high fitness show health resources for activity, Body Mass Index and heart-related health. This study points out that all fitness dimensions influence one’s heart-related health in a positive way. Fitness is measured objectively and includes all health-related fitness dimensions such as endurance, strength, coordination and flexibility. Apart from this standardization, we ask for more longitudinal studies and more objective health measurements.

10

Effect of the Game Design, the Goal Type and the Number of Players on Intensity of Play in Small-Sided Soccer Games in Youth Elite Players

88%

González-Rodenas J. , Calabuig F. , Aranda R.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2015

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tom 49

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nr 1

229-235

EN

The aim of this study was to compare the effects of game design modification, the type of the goal and the number of players on the intensity of play in small-sided soccer games (SSGs) in youth elite players. Twenty young soccer players (age 13.7 ± 0.5 years, body mass 57.4 ± 7.8 kg, body height 1.67 ± 7.8 m, maximal heart rate 201.1 ± 8.2 beats/min) performed three types of SSGs (possession play (PP) vs. regular goals (RG) vs. small goals (SG)) in both four-a-side and six-a-side formats. The heart rate responses were recorded and analysed as an indicator of the intensity of play. The four-a-side format obtained higher intensity of play than six-a-side for PP (p<0.05), but not for SG and RG. SG showed higher intensity of play than RG for four-a-side (p<0.001), but not for six-a-side. PP registered higher intensity of play than RG (p<0.05), but not than SG in four-a-side, whereas in six-a-side no differences were found between the three formats. In conclusion, the modification of variables such as the number of players, the game design and the type of the goal influences the intensity of play in small-sided soccer games in youth players.

11

Associations of Power at V̇O2peakand Anaerobic Threshold with Rank in British High Performance Junior Surfers

88%

Barlow M. J. , Gresty K. , Findlay M. , Cooke C.

Human Movement

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2015

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tom 16

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nr 1

28-32

EN

Purpose. The objective of this study was to determine the relationships of peak oxygen uptake ( V̇O2peak), power at V̇O2peak and power at the anaerobic threshold (AT) with national ranking in a sample of British high performance junior surfers. Methods. Eighteen male surfers (aged 15.4 ± 1.4 years) from the British Junior Surfing team were tested for V̇O2peak and AT using an adapted kayak ergometer; national ranking was used to indicate performance level. The AT was identified as the point at which V̇E/V̇O2 started to rise without a concomitant increase in V̇E/V̇CO2. Spearman’s rank (rs) and partial correlations (rp) controlling for age were used to identify the relationships between the physiological variables and national ranking. Results. Mean V̇O2peak was 3.1 ± 0.5 l · min-1 (47.7 ± 7.2 ml · kg-1 · min-1) and mean AT occurred at 48.1 ± 12.2 W. There were significant correlations between national ranking and power at V̇O2peak (rs = -0.549, p = 0.028), power at AT (rs = -0.646, p = 0.009), and age (rs = -0.579, p = 0.012). Significant partial correlations were established controlling for age between national ranking and power at V̇O2peak (rp = -0.839, p = 0.000) and power at AT (rp = -0.541, p < 0.046). Conclusions. The power outputs associated with V̇O2peak and AT were significantly related to surfer ranking in this sample. However, due to the low coefficient of determination associated with the AT/ranking relationship, AT does not discriminate well between the ranking of surfers. These findings support the inclusion of power at V̇O2peak in assessment batteries for junior competitive surfers.

12

Wpływ uszkodzeń podsystemu hamulcowego autobusów na zagrożenia ludzi oraz środowiska

75%

Woropay M. , Wdzięczny A.

|

2006

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tom Z. 84

371-376

PL

W artykule poddano analizie uszkodzenia podsystemów autobusów oraz dokonano oceny ich wpływu na zagrożenia zdrowia i życia ludzi oraz otoczenia. Badania zrealizowano na wybranej losowo próbce obiektów technicznych w rzeczywistym systemie eksploatacji autobusowej komunikacji miejskiej. Ocenę skutków uszkodzeń przeprowadzono na podstawie analizy informacji zawartych w źródłowych dokumentach przedsiębiorstwa transportowego. Zbiór występujących uszkodzeń podzielono na dwa podzbiory uszkodzeń: pierwotnych i wtórnych. Podano definicję tych uszkodzeń.

EN

The paper deals with the analysis of bus subsystem failures and with the evaluation of their influence on the dangers to the human health and life and the environment. The investigations have been carried out with the use of a randomly chosen sample of the technical object within a real operation and maintenance system of the municipal transport buses. Evaluation of the failure effects have been performed on the basis of the analysis of the information contained in the essential documents of a transport enterprise. It the gathering of occurrent damages was divided was on two subsets of damages: primitive and secondary. Was passed definition of these damages.

13

Exercise Intensity and Validity of the Ratings of Perceived Exertion (Borg and OMNI Scales) in an Indoor Cycling Session

75%

Muyor J. M.

Journal of Human Kinetics

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2013

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tom 39

|

nr 1

93-101

EN

The purpose of the study was: 1) to determine the intensity of an indoor cycling session; 2) to know the correlation between the rating of perceived exertion (RPE) scales (Borg and OMNI) and % heart rate reserve (%HRR) with categories; and 3) to evaluate the validity of RPE scales (Borg and OMNI) with respect to the heart rate (HR) and %HRR. A total of fifty-three subjects, 25 males and 28 females (ages: 28.79 ± 6.04 years; body height: 1.71 ± 0.09 m; body mass: 69.59 ± 13.69 kg) were recruited from a private fitness club. All subjects performed the same predesigned indoor cycling session with a total duration of 50 minutes. During the experimental trial, the HR was recorded every 5 s. The Borg 6-20 RPE and OMNI 0-10 scales were used to assess perceived exertion in each phase. The average HR in the cardiovascular phase was 152.24 ± 14.11 b•min-1, the %HRR was 80.62 ± 7.10; and the overall RPE (Borg and OMNI scales) was 14.94 ± 1.11 and 7.18 ± 0.79 points, respectively. The correlation between an average HR and %HRR with Borg and OMNI scales was lower than r = 0.4 (p < 0.05). The correlation value between the Borg and the OMNI RPE scales was r = 0.82 (p < 0.001). It can be concluded that indoor cycling elicits effort of high intensity which could be inappropriate for some participants. The Borg and OMNI scales showed a low validity to quantify the intensity performed in indoor cycling sessions. It indicates the necessity to control the intensity of effort with other instruments to improve efficacy and decrease the risk of overload in this activity.

14

Influence of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness on brain structure and functioning: a review

75%

Gąsiewski T. A.

Physical Activity Review

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2017

|

tom 5

19-28

EN

Positive correlations between physical activity and fitness with psychological benefits have been reported for many decades. Currently available novel neuroimaging techniques enable comparison and assessment of collected data, creating an opportunity to draw conclusions on the effectiveness of different types of exercise on improving brain functioning and health. There is a strong correlation between frequency of physical activity across the lifespan and benefits for brain functioning and volume. Aerobic physical activity, as the most thoroughly investigated type of exercise, comes out as the most beneficial for increasi ng brain volume and enhancing cognitive functions. It is also effective for raising the levels of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF). However, sedentary lifestyle may diminish positive influence of physical activity and seems to be a crucial negative factor f or maintaining brain health.

15

RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND RANKING OF YOUNG TENNIS PLAYERS

75%

Meckel Y. , Hophy A. , Dunsky A. , Eliakim A.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2015

|

tom 10

|

nr 2

5-12

EN

The purpose of the present study was: 1) to determine young tennis players’ fitness and anthropometric characteristics; and 2) to determine to what extent these characteristics relate to the players’ national ranking. Forty young (age 15.1 ±0.4) trained male tennis players, who were ranked from 1 to 40 in their age group in the country’s youth tennis players list, were tested for speed, speed endurance, flexibility, strength, specific agility and quickness, aerobic capacity, height, and weight. Significant correlations were found between the players’ ranking and speed (r = 0.430 – 0.475), specific agility and quickness (r = 0.626), speed endurance (r = 0.562), strength (r = –0.416), aerobic capacity (r = –0.581), flexibility (r = 0.352), height (r = –0.443), and weight (r = –0.293). Stepwise regression analysis indicated that specific agility and quickness accounted for almost 40% of the players’ ranking, while its combination with the players’ height accounted for 56%. The results imply the overall importance of anaerobic capabilities and tennis-specific movements to the young tennis players’ ranking. The results also emphasize the importance of tennis-specific tests to the young tennis players’ performance evaluation

16

Reviewing Available Online Publications on the Effect of Dance on the Physical and Mental Health of Children and Adolescents

75%

Lykesas G. , Chatzopoulos D. , Νeratzoula V. , Nikolaki E. , Douka S. , Bakirtzoglou P.

Central European Journal of Sport Sciences and Medicine

|

2022

|

tom 39

17-26

EN

The purpose of this research paper is to review the literature on dance and its impact on children and adolescents' physical health, physiology, psychology and quality of life, as well as its impact on their social behavior and social relationships. With this objective in mind, we carried out an extensive review of the existing literature in the following databases: MEDLINE, AMED, SCOPUS, ERIC, EMBASE and GOOGLE SCHOLAR. Based on this review, it appears that dancing may be a suitable activity that encourages and prompts people to adopt healthy behaviors. In particular, the literature shows that during dance activities performed by children and adolescents, there are significant benefits to a healthy development of the body, to the improvement of mental and emotional health, as well as to the improvement of their social behavior and social relations. In addition, according to the literature reviewed, even during the Covid-19 pandemic, dance seems to be an efficient means of inspiring active engagement in children and adolescents. A means which can be available beyond in-person teaching, whiles still offering all of the benefits of the subject matter at the same time.

17

Co-evolution in context: The importance of studying gut microbiomes in wild animals

75%

Amato K. R.

Microbiome Science and Medicine

|

2013

|

tom 1

|

nr 1

EN

Because the gut microbiota contributes to host nutrition, health and behavior, and gut microbial community composition differs according to host phylogeny, co-evolution is believed to have been an important mechanism in the formation of the host-gut microbe relationship. However, current research is not ideal for examining this theme. Most studies of the gut microbiota are performed in controlled settings, but gut microbial community composition is strongly influenced by environmental factors. To truly explore the co-evolution of host and microbe, it is necessary to have data describing host-microbe dynamics in natural environments with variation in factors such as climate, food availability, disease prevalence, and host behavior. In this review, I use current knowledge of host-gut microbe dynamics to explore the potential interactions between host and microbe in natural habitats. These interactions include the influence of host habitat on gut microbial community composition as well as the impacts of the gut microbiota on host fitness in a given habitat. Based on what we currently know, the potential connections between host habitat, the gut microbiota, and host fitness are great. Studies of wild animals will be an essential next step to test these connections and to advance our understanding of host-gut microbe co-evolution.

18

Kobiety i mężczyźni w przestrzeni klubów fitness

71%

Bazuń D.

Dyskursy Młodych Andragogów / Adult Education Discourses

|

2016

|

tom 17

283-295

PL

Somatyzacja współczesnej kultury wyraża się w wielu podejmowanych aktywnościach. Wygląd coraz częściej staje się zewnętrznym obrazem osobowości, sposobem definiowania siebie wobec innych. Stąd większa koncentracja na działaniach służących ciału i wyglądowi. Elementem tego procesu jest korzystanie z różnorodnych usług, „oddawanie ciała” w ręce ekspertów i instytucji. Kluby fitness są tym, co Anthony Giddens nazywa systemami eksperckimi. Są to też swoiste światy społeczne, charakteryzujące się odrębnością i obowiązywaniem pewnych reguł, rytuałów interakcyjnych, także działania tego, co Erving Goffman nazywa „idiomami ciała”. Ważnym elementem interakcji w klubie fitness jest płeć. Nie tylko aktywność w określonej przestrzeni, ale także to, kim są inni ćwiczący, ma znaczenie, ponieważ aktorzy społeczni działają według określonych reguł. Część tych reguł wiąże się z płcią. W artykule wykorzystano materiał empiryczny pochodzący z wywiadów jakościowych zrealizowanych z klientami klubów fitness.

EN

The process of focusing on the body is expressed in many ways and consists of many activities. Appearance is becoming more important and is treated as the external image of personality. It is also a way of defining ourselves in the context of others. Hence, a greater focus on body and appearance. The part of this process is using a variety of services. In this way the bodies are in the hands of experts and institutions. The fitness centers are, what Anthony Giddens called, expert systems and are in fact institutions specializing in specific services for the body. They are also specific social worlds, characterized by distinctiveness and validity of certain rules, rituals of interactions, including what Erving Goffman calls “the idioms of the body”. An important elements of interactions in the fitness center is the sex. Not only activity in a given space, but also who the other participants are seems to be very important. In the fitness center social actors act according to certain rules and some of them are related to gender. The empirical data of the article is taken from in-depth interviews with the fitness centers’ customers.

19

Principles of Abdominal Muscles Training Aimed at their Visualization

71%

Gieroba B.

Polish Journal of Sports Medicine

|

2021

|

tom 37(4)

185-199

PL

Mięśnie brzucha pełnią wiele istotnych anatomicznych i fizjologicznych funkcji, m.in wspierają tułów i kręgosłup, umożliwiają ruch ciała i utrzymują narządy w miejscu poprzez regulację wewnętrznego ciśnienia w jamie brzusznej. Można je podzielić na dwie grupy: mięśnie przednio-bocznej ściany brzucha, które obejmują mięśnie płaskie i pionowe oraz mięśnie tylnej ściany brzucha. W związku z rosnącym zainteresowaniem aktywnością fizyczną wiele osób poszukuje przepisu na mocne i widoczne mięśnie brzucha. Aby ten cel osiągnąć, wymagane jest połączenie treningu aerobowego, siłowego, treningu interwałowego o wysokiej intensywności (HIIT z ang. high intensity interval training) i ćwiczeń ukierunkowanych ściśle na mięśnie brzucha, wraz z odpowiednią dietą i stylem życia. Ważną rolę w procesie wizualizacji odgrywa również procentowy udział tkanki tłuszczowej w całym ciele oraz poziom tłuszczu trzewnego. Ćwiczenia na mięśnie brzucha powinny być różnorodne, oparte na różnych rodzajach ruchu i angażujące wszystkie główne mięśnie. Zaleca się regularne wykonywanie treningu i częste jego modyfikowanie, z uwzględnieniem progresji i wzrostu poziomu trudności. Celem niniejszego przeglądu jest przedstawienie aktualnego stanu wiedzy na ten temat w sposób jasny i przystępny, skierowany przede wszystkim do osób zawodowo zajmujących się lub zainteresowanych sportami sylwetkowymi.

EN

Abdominal muscles have many vital anatomical and physiological functions, including supporting the trunk and spine, allowing body movement and holding organs in place by regulating internal abdominal pressure. They can be divided into two groups: anterolateral, which include flat and vertical muscles, and posterior abdominal walls muscles. Due to the growing interest in physical activity, many people are looking for a recipe for strong and visible abdominal muscles. To achieve this, a combination of cardiorespiratory, strength, high intensity interval training (HIIT) and strict abdominal muscle exercises, with proper diet and lifestyle is required. The percentage of whole body fat and the level of visceral fat also play an important role in the process of visualization. Exercises for abdominal muscles should be diversified, based on various types of movement and engaging all major muscles. It is recommended to perform training regularly and modify it frequently, taking into account progression and increase in the difficulty level. The purpose of this review is to present the current state of knowledge on this topic in a clear and accessible manner, primarily addressed to those professionally involved in or interested in bodybuilding.

20

Aktywność fizyczna – przyjemność czy obowiązek? Analiza społeczno-kulturowych uwarunkowań komercyjnego sukcesu Zumba Fitness

63%

Olko D.

|

2015

|

tom 11

|

nr 2

186-207

PL

Artykuł prezentuje wyniki jakościowego studium przypadku dotyczącego Zumba Fitness. Celem badania było zrekonstruowanie społecznych uwarunkowań komercyjnego sukcesu Zumby. W artykule podejmuję próbę odpowiedzi na pytania w jakie tendencje (a może raczej sprzeczności) kulturowe wpisuje się Zumba, do jakich odbiorców jest kierowana i na jakie potrzeby odpowiada. Analiza przypadku Zumby stanowi przyczynek do refleksji nad napięciami, jakie powoduje w doświadczeniu jednostek wszechobecna promocja aktywności fizycznej, oraz strategiami radzenia sobie z nimi. Zumba jest tutaj traktowana także jako jeden z przejawów utowarowienia sportu i praktyk kształtowania ciała.

EN

The article presents the results of a qualitative case study on Zumba Fitness. The aim of this study was to reconstruct the socio-cultural context of Zumba’s commercial success. In this article, I make an attempt to answer the following questions: what cultural trends (or rather contradictions) Zumba conforms to, who it is directed to, and what needs it answers. The case study of Zumba is a contribution to discussion on the tensions caused by pervasive promotion of physical activity, as well as on strategies for coping with them. In the article, Zumba is also considered as manifestation of the commodification of sport and body shaping practices.