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Termite Mound Soils for Sustainable Production of Bricks

100%

Legese A. M. , Kenate T. G. , Feyessa F. F.

2021

tom Vol. 43, nr 2

142--154

The article presents the alternative use of termite mound soils (TMSs) as full replacement for clay soils in brick production. TMSs from two localities, Jawaj and Sene, in Ethiopia were investigated for bricks production. The TMSs samples contained high SiO2 and Al2O3. The TMSs bricks were fired at different temperatures from 500 to 1,000°C. The obtained mean compressive strengths (σ), 18 and 14 MPa, were observed for bricks made from TMSs from Jawaj and Sene, respectively, at the optimum firing temperature of 700°C. The σ of TMSs bricks decreased as the firing temperature increased above 700°C, while for conventional clay soil brick, the σ increased with temperature beyond 700°C. The water absorptions and saturation coefficients of fired TMSs bricks decreased with increased firing temperature. The TMSs bricks meet the standard specification of dimension tolerance only along the height. All the TMSs bricks made from the two localities were not efflorescent. TMSs from Jawaj and Sene sites can be used as a raw material to replace the long-used clay soils for bricks production as a construction material for houses construction in rural and urban areas.

Temperature Sensitivity of Propellant Combustion and Temperature Coefficients of Gun Performance

86%

Boulkadid M. K. , Lefebvre M. H. , Jeunieau L. , Dejeaifve A.

tom Vol. 13, no. 4

1005--1022

One of the objectives of gun propellant research is to develop green formulations of gunpowder that should be less temperature sensitive than the current gun propellant. The temperature sensitivity of these new green formulations of the propellant should be measured to identify the less temperature sensitive green formulations. However, there are deficiencies in the methodologies for the measurement of the temperature sensitivity of gun propellants. Therefore, the aim of this investigation was to fill the gap by establishing a method for the measurement of the temperature sensitivity of deterred gun propellants by closed vessel tests. The temperature sensitivity of the burning rate of ball propellants and the temperature coefficients of gun performance were determined using closed vessel tests and ballistic firing, respectively. Specific definitions of temperature sensitivity and temperature coefficients were evaluated. The relation between these parameters has never been explicitly investigated previously. Assessing the temperature sensitivity of propellants by closed vessel tests is of added value to the range of ballistic tests if the results of these tests can be well correlated to the results of ballistic firings. Therefore, a comparison between both parameters was made. A correspondence has been observed between the temperature sensitivity of the propellant burning rate, as obtained from closed vessel tests, and the temperature coefficients as obtained from ballistic firings.