Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Procedury wykonywania symulacji CFD – wybrane zagadnienia

100%

Brzezińska D.

Rynek Instalacyjny

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2015

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tom Nr 12

46--51

PL

Opracowane przez Szwedzkie Stowarzyszenie Inżynierów Ochrony Przeciwpożarowej (SFPE) wytyczne do modelowania komputerowego zjawisk rozwoju pożaru i rozprzestrzeniania dymu z użyciem technik CFD pozwoliło na uporządkowanie problemu zróżnicowanego poziomu powstających symulacji. W Polsce planowane jest stworzenie podobnych wytycznych.

EN

Swedish branch of the Association of Fire Protection Engineers (SFPE) has developed guidelines for the komputer modeling phenomena spread of fire and smoke, using CFD techniques which are used when performing available safe egress time analysis. It reduced in Sweden problem with different levels of computer simulations. On this base, it is planned to create similar ones in Poland.

2

Bezpieczna ewakuacja a założenia scenariusza pożarowego

100%

Chołuj Ł.

Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza

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2012

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tom Nr 3

127-130

PL

W artykule określono bezpieczne warunki ewakuacji wynikających z założeń scenariusza pożarowego. Zapewnienie bezpiecznych warunków ewakuacji wynika z zależności wymaganego czasu bezpiecznej ewakuacji (WCBE) do dostępnego czasu bezpiecznej ewakuacji (DCBE). DCBE jest to czas od momentu powstania pożaru do chwili, po której warunki panujące w budynku stają się krytyczne dla jego użytkowników. WCBE jest to czas od powstania pożaru do momentu, po którym wszystkie osoby są w stanie opuścić bezpiecznie budynek. Na WCBE składają się czasy: detekcji pożaru, zaalarmowania, rozpoznania sytuacji, reakcji na zdarzenia oraz czas przemieszczania się ewakuowanych osób. Scenariusz pożarowy zakłada II stopniowy sposób alarmowania zgodny z przepisami Polskiego prawa [6]. Należy podkreślić, że zastosowane systemy przeciwpożarowe służące zagwarantowaniu bezpiecznych warunków ewakuacji powinny załączać się w jak najkrótszym czasie od momentu wykrycia pożaru.

EN

The article described safe evacuation conditions resulting from the established fire scenario. Safe evacuation conditions result from the relationship of the required safe evacuation time (RSET) to the available safety evacuation time (ASET). ASET is the period from the outbreak of fire until the time when conditions in the building become critical to its occupants. RSET is the period of time from the outbreak of fire until the moment when all of the occupants are able to safely exit the building. RSET consists of several periods: fire detection, sounding of alarm, assessment of the situation, response time to the events as well as the time to physically moves. Fire scenario establishes a two stage alarm process, in accordance with requirements of Polish law [6]. It should be emphasized that fire protection systems utilized to ensure safe evacuation conditions should activate as soon as possible immediately upon fire protection.

3

Scenariusz rozwoju zdarzeń na wypadek pożaru. Wprowadzenie

84%

Bella I.

Bezpieczeństwo i Technika Pożarnicza

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2013

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tom Nr 2

119--126

PL

W warunkach pożarowych poprawna współpraca wszystkich urządzeń, systemów i instalacji ma strategiczne znaczenie dla ochrony i obrony budynku przed pożarem. Formalnym dokumentem, mającym rozwiązywać problem doboru i współdziałania systemów występujących w obiekcie jest „scenariusz rozwoju zdarzeń w czasie pożaru”, wymagany zapisem rozporządzenia Ministra Spraw Wewnętrznych i Administracji z dnia 16 czerwca 2003 w sprawie uzgadniania projektu budowlanego pod względem ochrony przeciwpożarowej. Autor rozporządzenia nie zawarł w nim żadnych wytycznych do opracowania tego dokumentu, pozostawiając ogromne pole do dyskusji na ten temat. W artykule dokonano interpretacji zapisu rozporządzenia o uzgadnianiu projektu budowlanego pod względem ochrony przeciwpożarowej. Następnie zdefiniowano, czym jest scenariusz rozwoju zdarzeń na wypadek pożaru – element projektu systemu sygnalizacji pożarowej.

EN

During fire incidents, appropriate co-operation between mechanisms, systems and installations (fire fighting and utility) is of strategic significance in the safeguarding of buildings and defence against fires. The problem of choice and correct interaction of systems found in premises is to be addressed by the production of a formal document ‘Scenario of developments during fire incidents’ with due regard to fire protection, at the approval stage of building projects. This regulatory requirement was introduced by the Minister of Internal Affairs and Administration on 16 June 2003. The author of the regulation avoided being specific about who should produce the document and its content, leaving much scope for discussion of these topics. This article provides an interpretation of the regulatory requirements dealing with building project approval in context of protection against fires. Furthermore, it defines the terms of ‘Scenario of developments during fire incidents’ – the project element concerned with alarm systems.

4

A research web-based system in the field of fire safety „FireRisks”

67%

Gudin S. V. , Khabibulin R. S.

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tom nr 10

127

EN

Paper presents features of "FireRisk" - a research web-based system in the field of fire safety. A new approach in the study of fire safety problems is described, as well as two modules are presented: "FireRisk PR" (which allows to project the areas of potential and individual fire risk) and "FireRisk CBR" (case-based approach in the system of decision making).

5

Simulation and optimization of evacuation routes in case of fire in underground mines

67%

Adjiski V. , Mirakovski D. , Despodov Z. , Mijalkovski S.

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tom Vol. 14, iss. 3

133--143

EN

Risks of fire occurrence in underground mines are known for a long time. Evacuation and rescue plans allow to each underground mine to respond and establish control in case of emergency. The primary goal of this paper is to determine the optimal system for evacuation in case of fire in underground mines and through a process of computer simulation to be presented to all workers that are affected by this issue. In this study is developed a system that allows by using available software to work out the complete evacuation plans that include analysis of fire scenarios and optimal routes for evacuation. With development of database of fire scenarios, it is possible to plan routes for evacuation in all situations. This presented methodology can serve to make effective system for evacuation and rescue in case of fire and to help save lives and protect the financial investment in the mine. This methodology represents the most economical option of making an effective system for evacuation and also can serve as an idea of making a software package that includes all the steps of making a system for evacuation and rescue in case of fire in underground mines. This presented model will have increased accuracy compared to other models presented so far, because of the prepared 3D model of the underground mine which includes the actual dimensions of the mine along with its associated elements from which the fire dynamics and system for evacuation depends.

6

Lądowiska wyniesione dla helikopterów i ich wpływ na bezpieczeństwo pożarowe budynków

59%

Papis B. K.

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tom nr 8

62--64

7

Combustion hazards from building materials

59%

Stec A. A.

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tom nr 10

32--35

EN

Fire smoke has a highly variable composition which is dependent on several factors, including oxygen supply, heating rate, temperature and the chemical structure of the materials that are burning. One area that is particularly important is the determination of volatiles that can have a negative effect on the environment as well as posing a serious hazard to human health. Prediction of toxic fire hazard depends on two parameters: time-concentration profiles for major products. These depend on the fire growth curve and the yields of toxic products; toxicity of the products, based on estimates of doses likely to impair escape efficiency, cause incapacitation, or death. Toxic product yields depend on the material composition, and the fire conditions. The most significant differences in fire conditions arise between flaming and non-flaming combustion. The burning of an organic material, such as a polymer, is a complex process, in which volatile breakdown products react, to a greater or lesser extent, with oxygen, producing a cocktail of products. These range from the relatively harmless carbon dioxide (CO2) and water, to products of incomplete combustion, including carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), organoirritants etc. In addition, depending on the other elements present, halogen acids, oxides of nitrogen, and sulphur, may be formed. The fire toxicity of building materials were investigated under a range of fire conditions, oxidative pyrolysis (smouldering) and well-ventilated flaming to under-ventilated flaming. The yields of the major toxic products, carbon monoxide, hydrogen cyanide and irritant gases nitrogen dioxide, hydrogen chloride and hydrogen bromide together with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are presented as a function of fire condition. The toxicities of the effluents, showing the contribution of individual toxic components, are compared using the fractional effective dose (FED) model and LC50, (the mass required per unit volume to generate a lethal atmosphere under specified conditions).