Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Drzewa mniej znane. Jodła szlachetna

100%

Czekalski M.

Zieleń Miejska

|

2010

|

tom Nr 12

28-28

PL

Spośród ok. 40 gatunków jodeł, mniej znanym drzewem jest jodła szlachetna. Ze względu na okazałe wymiary, błękitnawe zabarwienie gęsto ustawionych igieł na gałęziach oraz wielkie szyszki uznawana jest ona za jedno z najpiękniejszych drzew ozdobnych. Młode drzewka w pojemnikach mogą być ekskluzywnymi choinkami, które wiosną - po ustąpieniu przymrozków - można posadzić w ogrodzie lub parku.

2

Einfluss der Kaffeebraune von Tannenkernholz auf die Qualitat des Holzrohstoffs

100%

Paschalis P. , Lotocka Z.

Annals of Warsaw Agricultural University. Forestry and Wood Technology

|

1992

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tom 43

3

Dendrochronological dating of St. George’s Orthodox Church in Drohobych, Ukraine

88%

Krąpiec M. , Szychowska-Krąpiec E. , Tymoshenko L. , Myska R.

|

2020

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tom Vol. 47, no.1

93--100

EN

St. George’s Orthodox Church in Drohobych is a wooden monument of sacral architecture, recently registered in the UNESCO World Heritage List. However, clear, unequivocal written sources about the origins of the structure are lacking. Absolute dating was attempted with the dendrochronological method, and it was carried out in a noninvasive way due to the status and value of the object. Construction elements of the church were documented with over 40 macrophotographs. The studies were made for selected elements, displaying distinct perpendicular or tangential cross sections. Most of the elements examined represented fir wood. It turned out that the wood used for the construction of this church was contemporaneous and most likely represented a single construction phase. The 124-year chronology based on correlated curves covers the period 1464–1598 AD. Construction elements with the outermost rings retained indicate that the timber was harvested in the 1590s. In most cases, the outermost rings were lacking, which allowed only for dating terminus post quem. The youngest preserved rings (1598 AD) from the church wood apparently reveal the dates of both the wood harvesting and the structure’s construction. Such a dating may indicate that the church mentioned in the sources as purchased in Nadiyevo in 1657 AD could be the basis for the rebuilding of Drohobych St. George’s Orthodox Church, only adapted to the new conditions. The church later underwent renovation, consisting in reconstruction of the dome in 1821 AD.

4

Detection of SNPs based on DNA specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook)

75%

Su Y. , Hu D. , Zheng H.

Dendrobiology

|

2016

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tom 76

EN

Compared to angiosperms, conifers represent more complex genomes with larger giga-genome size. To detect large-scale single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), whole genome sequencing of a conifer population is still unaffordable. In this work, we report the use of DNA specific-locus amplified fragment sequencing (SLAF-seq) for large-scale SNP detection in Chinese fir (Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook), an ecological and economic important conifer in China. SLAF libraries of 18 parent clones of a Chinese fir 2.5 generation seed orchard were sequenced and a total of 117,924 SLAFs were developed. We detected 147,376 SNPs from these SLAFs; 146,231 of them represented simple nucleotide change in A/G, C/T, A/C, A/T, C/G or G/T. The most frequent SNPs occurred in C/T (34.3%), while the majority of SNPs (68.2%) belonged to transition events (A/G and C/T). Notably, all the sequenced samples had high portion (78.2–80.9%) of common SNPs indicating that the Chinese fir genomes tended to change its nucleotides at common loci. 48,406 informative SNPs were then successfully utilized to genotype the tested samples (n = 18) followed by a phylogenetic tree to clarify their genetic relationship. Furthermore, a set of very high linkage disequilibrium (0.51–1.00) were identified from these informative SNPs. In brief, our work demonstrated that SLAF-seq is an alternative and cost-effectively high-throughput approach for large-scale SNP exploitation in Chinese fir. While the obtained SNPs offer useful marker resource for further genetic and genomic studies and will be helpful for Chinese fir breeding programs.

5

Drzewa mniej znane. Jodła jednobarwna

75%

Czekalski M.

Zieleń Miejska

|

2010

|

tom Nr 2

32-32

6

Carpathian beech species composition of the Bieszczady National Park in the period from 1993 to 2003

63%

Sugiero D. , Raczka G.

Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Silvarum Colendarum Ratio et Industria Lignaria

|

2014

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tom 13

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nr 4

EN

The paper presents results of the research carried out in beech stands of the Carpathian beech fertile complex (Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum) in the lower subalpine zone in the Bieszczady National Park. The objective of the presented study was to analyse changes of species composition in all developmental stand of the lowers stands in the period from 1993 to 2003/04. The obtained results are proof of high levels of stability of the stands in focus, which was confirmed by absence, at the beginning and at the end of the control period, of statistically significant changes in species composition of the old trees layer, undergrowth and natural seeding. Enduringly, the Carpathian beech stands are build by three specific forest-forming species to the Eastern Carpathian Mts.: beech, fir and sycamore.

PL

Praca prezentuje wyniki badań prowadzonych w drzewostanach bukowych należących do zespołu żyznej buczyny karpackiej Dentario glandulosae-Fagetum strefy regla dolnego Bieszczadzkiego Parku Narodowego. Celem badań była analiza zmian składu gatunkowego wszystkich warstw rozwojowych lasu w okresie 1993-2003/04. Otrzymane wyniki dowodzą dużej stabilności badanych drzewostanów, czego potwierdzeniem był brak statystycznie istotnych różnic w budowie warstwy drzew, podrostu i nalotu na początku i na końcu okresu kontrolnego. Niezmiennie buczynę karpacką tworzą trzy charakterystyczne dla Karpat Wschodnich gatunki lasotwórcze: buk, jodła i jawor.

7

The effect of carbohydrates and polyethylene glycol on somatic embryo maturation in hybrid fir Abies alba x Abies numidica

63%

Salaj T. , Matusova R. , Salaj J.

Acta Biologica Cracoviensia. Series Botanica

|

2004

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tom 46

159-167

EN

Embryogenic cell line AN 72 derived from immature hybrid fir Abies alba x A. numidica zygotic embryos was subjected to different maturation treatments. The effect of the carbohydrates sucrose, maltose and glucose (each at 3%, 6% and 9%) or PEG-4000 (5.0%, 7.5% and 10%) combined with different carbohydrate sources was tested. PEG-4000 stimulated somatic embryo maturation of hybrid fir. This stimulatory effect was dependent on the carbohydrate source used. Culture medium with maltose as carbohydrate source combined with PEG-4000 produced the highest number of cotyledonary somatic embryos. Carbohydrates supplied alone (mainly at 6% and 9%) exerted an unfavorable effect, increasing the frequency of abnormally shaped somatic embryos without regeneration capacity. The structural organization of morphologically well-developed cotyledonary somatic embryos was similar to that of zygotic embryos. In abnormal somatic embryos the shoot apical meristem and root meristem were very damaged. Electrophoretic separation of denatured proteins using SDS-PAGE showed differences in the accumulation of low molecular weight storage proteins in somatic embryos. Storage protein accumulation was dependent on the concentration of PEG-4000 and the carbohydrate source.

8

Study of Abies somatic embryogenesis and its application

63%

Vookova B. , Kormutak A.

|

2014

|

tom 71

EN

This paper provides results of somatic embryogenesis study in our laboratory. General description of somatic embryogenesis (SE) induction, maturation of somatic embryos and plantlets regeneration of the Abies species, followed by a comparisons of some characteristics of zygotic and somatic embryos, seedlings and emblings (somatic seedlings). Own results are supplemented with some literature data. Also aplication of SE for improving of plantlet regeneration of elite fir trees from Dobroč primeval is described as well as initiation of the SE from seeds of incompatible crossings of firs where zygotic embryos abort usually several weeks after pollination

9

Analysis of changes in wood structure of Douglas fir [Pseudotsuga menziesii var. viridis Britt.] in Poland

63%

Wasik R.

Zeszyty Naukowe Akademii Rolniczej w Krakowie. Sesja Naukowa

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2005

|

tom 91

463-470

10

Phytophthora citricola on European beechand Silver fir in Polishforest nurseries

63%

Orlikowski L. B. , Duda B. , Szkuta G.

|

nr 1

11

Changes of Abies alba crown state and stand quality class in the Sudety Mountains

63%

Filipiak M.

Dendrobiology

|

2005

|

tom 54

11-17

EN

Sudeteny Mts. are a region where the level of industrial air pollution was very high due to brown coal combustion. In this paper I presents the assessments concerning the fir stand quality class and crown vitality.The study were carried out between 1999 and 2001 and supplemented with studies made in 1997 and 2005. My conclusions are based on measurements of 3529 fir trees representing 481 populations of this species in different parts of the Sudety Mts. The stand quality class of the fir in the Sudety Mts. are better than expected but about 0,5 degree lower than in the Carpathians. Our results confirm the reports concerning the strong and very strong damage of fir crowns in the Sudety Mts. in the 1990’s. It was calculated that the average fir in the Sudety Mts. stands has a primary crown with a length that is approximately 19% of the total tree height and which is damaged in approximately 36%. At approximately 23% of the total height the average fir develops a regeneration crown. An additional factor which contributed to fir damage was their frequent presence in thinned stands. In these places the process of crown reconstruction from a wide to a denser is observed. In the recent years the level of industrial pollution in the Sudety Mts. has been strongly reduced. This particularly concerns sulphur oxides. This has contributed to the improvement of the crown health of the studied species, but the crown regeneration is slower than the trunk diameter increment. The crown damages have so far been proportional to the altitude. Trees which grow in stands located in lower areas have healthier crowns. Trees which grow in broken canopy and on hilltops are more vulnerable to the impact of pollution carried by wind and fog. The severe damage to the top parts of the crown has a negative effect on the cone crop of the fir.

12

Height-diameter models for mixed-species forests consisting of spruce, fir, and beech

63%

Petras R. , Bosela M. , Mecko J. , Oszlanyi J. , Popa I.

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nr 2

EN

Height-diameter models define the general relationship between the tree height and diameter at each growth stage of the forest stand. This paper presents generalized height-diameter models for mixed-species forest stands consisting of Norway spruce (Picea abies Karst.), Silver fir (Abies alba L.), and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) from Slovakia. The models were derived using two growth functions from the exponential family: the two-parameter Michailoff and three-parameter Korf functions. Generalized height-diameter functions must normally be constrained to pass through the mean stand diameter and height, and then the final growth model has only one or two parameters to be estimated. These “free” parameters are then expressed over the quadratic mean diameter, height and stand age and the final mathematical form of the model is obtained. The study material included 50 long-term experimental plots located in the Western Carpathians. The plots were established 40–50 years ago and have been repeatedly measured at 5 to 10-year intervals. The dataset includes 7,950 height measurements of spruce, 21,661 of fir and 5,794 of beech. As many as 9 regression models were derived for each species. Although the “goodness of fit” of all models showed that they were generally well suited for the data, the best results were obtained for silver fir. The coefficient of determination ranged from 0.946 to 0.948, RMSE (m) was in the interval 1.94–1.97 and the bias (m) was –0.031 to 0.063. Although slightly imprecise parameter estimation was established for spruce, the estimations of the regression parameters obtained for beech were quite less precise. The coefficient of determination for beech was 0.854–0.860, RMSE (m) 2.67–2.72, and the bias (m) ranged from –0.144 to –0.056. The majority of models using Korf’s formula produced slightly better estimations than Michailoff’s, and it proved immaterial which estimated parameter was fixed and which parameters were free.

13

Growth, biomass allocation and nutrients accumulation in needles of Abies alba seedlings growing three years on humus from different forest sites

63%

Robakowski P. , Komisarek J. , Nowinski M. , Bulaj B.

|

nr 1 Suppl.

14

Quantification of individual tree competition index taking Chinese-fir plantations in subtropical low hilly area as an example

63%

Zhang Y. , Deng X. , Huang Y. , Li Y. , Xiang W. , Yan W.

Polish Journal of Ecology

|

2019

|

tom 67

|

nr 1

EN

Competition among trees is a fundamental interaction process within plant community, which is the theoretical basis of thinning. Plant competitive intensity is generally measured using a competition index (CI) that can be classified into two major categories: distance-independent and distance-dependent. The current study used Cunninghamia lanceolata (Lamb.) Hook as the test subject and used Hegyi's CI (distance-dependent), to quantify individual CI and their relationship with tree diameter at breast height (DBH). Five different criteria were used to select potential competitors for the calculation of CI. Seven basic linear and nonlinear mathematical functions were used to test and quantify the relationships between DBH of the target tree and the individual CI. Results showed that individual CI was negatively correlated with target tree DBH: as DBH increased, competition intensity weakened. The adjusted R² with five different criteria of selection competitors simulated by seven functions ranged from 0.30 to 0.82. Considering the root mean square error (RMSE), P-value, and adjusted-R², our results suggested that the best model to simulate the relationship between individual CI and focal tree DBH was power function (CI = 43.98 × DBH⁻¹‧⁰⁸, adjusted R² = 0.81) and with the Voronoi diagram method as the criteria for selecting competitors. These results can demonstrate a clearer understanding of the spatial structure of forests, and can be used to guide the selection of thinning trees in the process of thinning practice.

15

Chemical control of Megastigmus spermotrophus Wachtl (Hymenoptera, Torymidae), a seed pest of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii F.)

63%

Szmidt A. , Banaszak R.

Folia Forestalia Polonica. Series A . Forestry

|

1991

|

tom 33

16

Potencjał rodzimych iglastych gatunków drzew leśnych w uprawach agroleśnych

63%

Baranowska M. , Kobus-Cisowska J.

Zagadnienia Doradztwa Rolniczego

|

2023

|

tom 113

|

nr 3

50-67

EN

Agroforestry is a type of farming that integrates agricultural crops with trees, and is a way of managing the land in which crop and livestock production coexist in the same area with woody plants and/or shrubs. Agroforestry promotes efficient use of soil and environmental resources compared to monoculture farming. The integration of trees in agroforestry improves the fertility and physical, biological and chemical properties of the soil, and consequently food, timber and fodder. Such cultivation promotes an appropriate microclimate by influencing soil properties and moisture content. Integration of trees on agricultural land provides additional climate and environmental benefits and can be a cost-effective and climate-friendly practice. The article identifies native coniferous forest tree species that could potentially be part of agroforestry crops with a view to their use in functional foods.

PL

Agroleśnictwo to rodzaj upraw integrujący uprawy rolne z drzewami i jest sposobem gospodarowania ziemią, w którym produkcja roślinna i zwierzęca współistnieje na tym samym obszarze z roślinnością drzewiastą i/lub krzewami. Agroleśnictwo sprzyja efektywnemu wykorzystaniu zasobów glebowych i środowiskowych w porównaniu z uprawą monokulturową. Integracja drzew w uprawie rolniczej poprawa żyzność i właściwości fizyczne, biologiczne i chemiczne gleby, a w konsekwencji żywności, drewna i paszy. Taka uprawa sprzyja odpowiedniemu mikroklimatowi wpływając na właściwości i wilgotność gleby. Integracja drzew na gruntach rolnych zapewnia dodatkowe korzyści dla klimatu i środowiska, dlatego może stanowić opłacalną i przyjazną praktykę. W artykule wskazano rodzime gatunki iglastych drzew leśnych, które potencjalnie mogłyby stanowić element upraw agroleśnych z uwzględnieniem ich wykorzystania w żywności funkcjonalnej.

17

The influence of the trunk cross section zone on the emission of VOC, chemical composition and structural parameters of fir (Abies alba Mill.)

63%

Czajka M. , Fabisiak E.

Annals of Warsaw University of Life Sciences - SGGW. Forestry and Wood Technology

|

2014

|

tom 87

18

Abortive embryogenesis in Taiwan fir [Abies kawakamii Hayata-Ito]

63%

Kormutak A. , Yang J. C.

Bulletin of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Biological Sciences

|

1997

|

tom 45

|

nr 2-4

19

Natural regeneration of the European silver fir in the Sudety Mountains on soils with different particle size distribution

63%

Filipiak M. , Komisarek J. , Nowinski M.

Dendrobiology

|

2003

|

tom 50

EN

In the 40 fir localities in the Sudety Mountains, varying in site conditions and the degree of natural regeneration development were taken soil samples from the mineral horizon and were subjected to particle size distribution analysis. The best regeneration of fir stands has been reported on medium-textured soils, containing a few percents of the clay fraction and from 50to 60% of sand.The poorest regeneration was reported on silty soils, located in the lower parts of slopes. In comparision with the Carpathians, spectrum of conditions in which firs grow in the Sudety Mountains is clearly shifted from coarse-textured soils to medium-textured soils.

20

Simulation of light regimes in typical subalpine forest succession series of Eastern Tibetan Plateau

51%

Wang Q. , Wu N. , Luo P.

|

nr 2

251-260

EN

Natural regeneration of forest depends on the light regimes of floor. Point-based methods such as fisheye photo and radiometer can not provide a full panorama of light regime of heterogeneous forest stand. Eastern Tibetan Plateau is a major forest belt characteristic of diverse forest type and topographic differentiation. Understanding the trend of changes of light regime along succession series of forest may be helpful for the management of ecosystems. Fragmented forest patches due to tectonic activity and human intervention have made this prediction difficult. We use a spatially explicit forest stand light model (tRAYci) to simulate light distribution within forest in typical subalpine forest succession series of eastern Tibetan Plateau. Due to the spatial heterogeneity of tree distribution in the subalpine area, the forest stand can be approximated with a spatially explicit model of trees. Three typical subalpine forest stands (Sabina forest (SF), Fir forest (FF) and Birch forest (BF)) are selected in the eastern Tibetan Plateau. The dominant species are sabina (Sabina saltuaria (Rehd. et Wils.) Cheng), fir (Abies faxoniana Rehd. et Wils.) and birch (Betula platyphylla Suk.) for each stand and they are spatially clumped in distribution. They represent old growth coniferous forest (SF, 330 years old), coniferous-broadleaved forest (FF, 180 ys) and pioneer broadleaved forest (BF, 40 ys). The parameters of the three-dimensional model of trees are calibrated with field measurements. The simulated values are generally consistent with observed values of radiation measured by radiometers installed in these stands and values derived from fisheye photos. Test failures may be caused by the incomplete submodel of crown as a gap free one. Light regimes in old growth and pioneer forest are much more heterogeneous than intermediate stages of forest. Light regimes of these forests are also reflected by the composition of understory herb layers.