The article’s main objective is to identify the factors influencing the financing structure and capital changes in the pre-merger periods in the acquiring companies. The authors examined the relations between various industries and different size companies. Based on the analyses, it can be concluded that in small companies, the explanatory variables identified based on the literature review were statistically insignificant in many periods (in fact almost all). Completely different behaviour was observed in the group of large companies, where the same set of explanatory variables was statistically significant. The result of the research on the existence of non-linear relationships between company parameters is that in the case of some variables, there is no question of a linear nature of dependence. The study analysed the five years preceding the mergers of 307 business entities. The source of the survey data was the database prepared by the company InfoCredit SA for the Accountants Association in Poland. The authors used Statistica software and inductive reasoning for the study – supported by Spearman’s rank correlation analysis, linear and polynomial regression analysis, and variable scatter analysis.
PL
Podstawowe cele artykułu to identyfikacja czynników determinujących kształtowanie struktury finansowania oraz określenie ich zmian w okresach przed połączeniem w spółkach dokonujących przejęć. Badając strukturę finansowania, sprawdzono również, jakie relacje zachodzą w różnych sektorach aktywności gospodarczej. Udzielono odpowiedzi na pytania, czy i w jaki sposób wielkość spółek determinuje kształtowanie struktury kapitału. Analizą objęto pięć lat poprzedzających transakcje połączenia 307 jednostek gospodarczych. Źródłem danych badania była baza danych przygotowana przez spółkę InfoCredit SA na zlecenie Stowarzyszenia Księgowych w Polsce. W pracy wykorzystano oprogramowanie Statistica. Zastosowano wnioskowanie indukcyjne wsparte analizą korelacji rang Spearmana, analizą regresji liniowej i wielomianowej oraz analizą rozrzutu zmiennych.
Purpose: The aim of this article was to examine whether financialization phenomena affected the financing structure of non-financial enterprises operating in Poland. Changes in the financing structure in the era of financialization are manifested by the growing share of debt (foreign capital), the increase in the importance of securities while reducing the share of credit as sources of financing business activities and the growing involvement of (passive) derivatives. Design/methodology/approach: The analysis was conducted on the basis of indicators identifying the share of foreign capital in total liabilities, the structure of passive financial instruments and the structure of passive derivatives. Findings: Based on the empirical analysis, it was found that the phenomenon of the financing structure of financialization is not noticeable on the example of the surveyed business entities. The share of foreign capital in total liabilities of enterprises in 2010-2018 was around 0.5. In the financial assessment, it is the optimal financing structure. Research limitations/implications: Financialization is a developing phenomenon. The presented research covered the years 2010-2018, therefore research on the discussed issue should be continued. Originality/value: The originality of the article is associated with the analysis of the increase in the importance of debt in financing operations in relation to enterprises in Poland, including by industry.
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