Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

O čem se nemluví: Příspěvek k problematice sexuality terénního výzkumníka

100%

Fatková G.

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nr 1

36-48

EN

The essential attribute of socio-cultural anthropology and ethnography – fieldwork – is a process that interferes in the intimate lives of the population under observation, and that of the researcher as well. This study reconceptualises the issue of sexuality and gender, as they are for the individual the primary characteristic which determines a researcher’s position in field. The article highlights the discrepancy between the way fieldwork techniques are taught, and the real practice of fieldwork. One solution could entail relaxing methodological formalism, which may be in practice unachievable, and the removal of the taboo surrounding the whole issue. Different strategies for dealing with the researchers’ own sexuality and gender in the field, and their accompanying adaptation to the situation, are considered. Attention is paid to the issue of sexual violence in fieldwork.

2

A pomidory są te, co zawsze. Refleksje z baskijskiego terenu

100%

Mirgos K.

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2021

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nr 7

111-126

EN

This article focuses on personal experience of fieldwork in the Basque Country. The author reflects on the linguistic and political dimensions of her research, on the relationship between the researcher and research participants, and on the emotional challenges of ethnographic fieldwork, with particular focus on the impact of motherhood on such research. Emphasizing the importance of autoethnography, the author also points out a variety of approaches to the research process and ways of presenting research results.

3

Teren, wspólnota, etyka: w poszukiwaniu „właściwej” drogi w terenowych badaniach antropologicznych

88%

Rakowski T.

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2021

|

nr 7

253-264

EN

In this article, I elaborate on some ethical and methodological doubts that have emerged in the course of my ethnographic fieldwork. They relate to the process of constructing the field, moments of collective experimentation, and the process of developing long-term relationships between the ethnographer and his or her interlocutors. I show how the stage of constructing the field may be uncertain and contingent, yet at the same time crucial for understanding the studied phenomena. I then explain how some forms of closeness and friendship in the field may be also transform into common social and artistic projects. Finally, I reflect on deeper ethical tensions related to authorship and authorization during the writing-up stage of research. I argue that some forms of collaboration in the field lead both towards a form of shared authorship and to the necessity to make our interlocutors’ identity anonymous and invisible.

4

Tworzenie wspólnego ciała, czyli o przetwarzaniu terenu wśród boliwijskich Moré

88%

Chyc P.

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2021

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nr 7

363-382

EN

The aim of this anthropological essay is to present the emotional and intellectual processes accompanying me over the years of field research among the Bolivian Moré, who belong to the Chapacura language family. The narrative structure is twofold: addressing both topics and issues that motivated me intellectually to do the research, and the attitudes of Moré themselves, as well as conceptual categories around which their narratives seem to focus. Some passages of this essay take a more analytical form, as I focus on the impor- tance of unpredictable events, the context, and the transformation of field experience over time during the research process. I conclude that both sides of the fieldwork encounter face the task of getting to know the Other. Each gets to know the Other in a particular way through conceptual categories and ways of acting that result from their current way of being in the world.

5

CHALLENGES IN GEOGRAPHY EDUCATION – A REVIEW OF RESEARCH PROBLEMS

88%

Piotrowska I. , Cichoń M. , Abramowicz D. , Sypniewski J.

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tom 38

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nr 1

71-84

EN

Scientific research and student education aimed at preparing students to practice their profession under the conditions of civilization and technological changes play a special role in geography teaching. It is important to be aware of the impact of key competences which are necessary for every person to function in the modern world and are needed for self-fulfilment, personal development, social integration, flexible adaptation to any changes and which determine the success in adult life. Proper development of such skills contributes to the correct interpretation of natural and socio-economic phenomena and processes. The aim of the article is to present and discuss research work and teaching activities pursued by the Department of Geography Didactics and Ecological Education at the Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences of the Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, aimed at the use by students of various educational concepts and the resulting key competences necessary for their future work. Students also have the opportunity to develop soft competences, such as communication, courage of expression, self-esteem or responsibility for the group, to which employers have paid special attention in recent years. Therefore, comprehensive preparation of the student requires the implementation of specific educational concepts. The most important ones include bilingual education; CLIL, inquiry based science education (IBSE), project method, fieldwork, geographical educational trails, participation, as well as the use of geoinformation technologies, GIS and ICT.

6

Exploratory Fieldwork on Balconies as Threshold Spaces on the Juliusz Słowacki housing estate in Lublin

75%

Otrishchenko N.

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nr 1

61-80

EN

The author reflects upon her experience of exploratory fieldwork conducted by an interdisciplinary group during the Urban Summer School. The research was conducted within an environment built according to the idea of "Open Form", introduced by architect Oskar Hansen. Together with his wife Zofia, he designed a few neighborhoods around Poland, one of which – the Juliusz Słowacki housing estate in Lublin – is used as a case study for this paper. The article follows the process of collaborative development of research design and discusses a number of methods (focused ethnography, interviews, mental mapping, observation, participatory photography) applied to the study of materiality and social functioning of balconies as "threshold spaces" and their domestication. The author also outlines her positions in relation to both the local people with whom she has conducted interviews about their homes and the participants of her group.

7

Vaikimine, raakimine ja muud traditsioonilised koneteod vepsa rahvakultuuris kultuuridevahelises vordluses

75%

Arukask M. , Saar E.

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2020

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tom 77

89-116

EN

In this article we analyse factors that help interpret silence and speaking in different cultures. Economic activities and lifestyle related to natural conditions as well as beliefs are crucial here. In terms of speaking and silence, a relatively good distinction can be made between peoples traditionally engaged in hunting-gathering and agriculture, and the modern Western code of communication that has developed from the latter. The modern code does not tolerate silence and non-speaking very well, considering it either as expression of impoliteness, stupidity or lack of sincerity. For indigenous peoples silence clearly has a magical function in order not to be threatened by ambivalent animistic agents. This also explains the greater carefulness of indigenous peoples in expressing their emotions. For the same reason, in animistic cultures, which are not so human-centred, the usual communication situations (meetings, departures, making compliments) and the corresponding speech acts are very diffuse, minimalist or non-existent. In (monotheistic) agricultural cultures the sphere of spirit beings has generally been demonized, and the norm of silent behaviour that reflects it has become incomprehensible or interpreted as inappropriate. The Veps living in north-western Russia have been in close contact with Russian peasant culture for more than 1,000 years. The relatively emotional and speech-oriented Russian culture has undoubtedly had an impact on the Veps. On the other hand, the Finno-Ugric animistic norm and the corresponding tendency to speak less or remain silent can be perceived. It also seems that from Russians the Veps have acquired speech acts used at meetings and departures – greetings, farewells, blessings, formulas that close and delimit situations, and so on. The corresponding words and phrases taken from Russian also refer to borrowing. Because of the Russian influence the interpersonal relations of the Veps are not that diffuse as those of the non-agricultural indigenous peoples. Nevertheless, as the forest and beliefs related to it are still very central in Vepsian folk life, the Veps are very careful in their ways of speaking because of the animistic spirits around, which very much determines their behaviour in general. In the fieldwork situations we have noticed that silence/speaking significantly depends also on the social role and profession of the informant. There exist also situations that require silence (for example eating, certain works related to starting of something, getting on the road). Our experiences show that silence may arise also when issues related to death and the supernatural sphere are touched upon.

8

Time-bounded Fieldwork “Ex-situ” or On Fieldwork Without Unlearning Another Language

75%

Siegl F.

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nr 1

53-80

EN

This essay discusses two episodes of temporally bounded consultant work on Tundra Yukaghir (isolate) and Tuvan (Turkic) and attempts to bridge, or at least narrow the gap between reflexive anthropological thinking (e.g., Geertz, 1973, 1988) and reasoning about linguistic fieldwork. In this respect, the essay is a follow-up on Siegl (2018), which analyzed experiences from fieldwork in moribund speech communities. Similar to Siegl (2018), this essay also focuses more on data gathering and (personal) challenges in the field and less on presenting polished research results; therefore, references to literature on linguistic fieldwork are minimized (this literature was covered in detail in Siegl, 2010, 2018). Given that the process of data gathering is usually blended out in research reports, a second aim of this essay is to offer insights on consultant/fieldwork in action so that this process becomes more transparent and can be evaluated by those without primary research interests in this sub-discipline of linguistics.

9

Szkic o rysowaniu etnograficznym. Próba definicji

75%

Wajszczak J.

Barbarzyńca. Pismo Antropologiczne

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2018

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nr 23

64-83

EN

In this article, I redefine etnographic drawing in the context of contemporary practice and idea. The starting point for the analysis consists of fieldwork, film and photography, which function as ethnographic tools, and the latest drawing theories. A wider context is created by the etnographer’s personal experience, his subjectivism and creative exploration, which bring science and art closer together.

10

Metody pracy, zasady i praktyka podziału regionalnego w monografi ach Oskara Kolberga

75%

Waszczyńska K.

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tom 98

17-40

EN

The article, comprising four sections, presents Oskar Kolberg, a Polish ethnographer and folklorist, and his work. The first section is devoted to the ethnographer’s early work and to the results of his lifelong research, namely a twenty-three-volume monograph entitled Lud, jego zwyczaje, sposób życia, mowa, podania, przysłowia, obrzędy, gusła, zabawy, pieśni muzyka i tańce (Folk: Their Customs, Way of Life, Language, Legends, Proverbs, Rituals, Spells, Games, Songs, Music and Dances) and a nine-volume series entitled Obrazy etnograficzne (Ethnographic Pictures). The second section presents the methodology that Kolberg used to collect his data, including his own research, materials received from other researchers and data gathered as the result of contests organised by various scientific societies around the country. The third section describes the methods used by Kolberg to organise the materials. Kolberg aimed to create an overall ethnographic description of Poland with a division into the so-called provinces. Additionally, Kolberg differentiated and described ethnographic groups, including their ethnonyms, which are still recognised and used today. The fourth section presents the scope of his monographs, which have become the standard for this type of ethnographic work. The article also reflects upon the challenges that Kolberg’s work presents for the contemporary reader.

11

Bronislaw Malinowski and Linguistic Pragmatics

75%

Senft G.

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nr -1

79-96

EN

In 1923 Bronislaw Malinowski repeated his claim for an "Ethnolinguistic theory" which he enforced 1920 in his first linguistic paper and which became the guideline for his "ethnographic theory of language." In 1997 the linguist William Foley published his monograph "Anthropological Linguistics-An Introduction"; and in the same year the anthropologist Alessandro Duranti published his monograph "Linguistic Anthropology." It seems that with the publication of these two standard textbooks the interdisciplinary field of "ethnolinguistics" has finally gained its due importance within the disciplines of anthropology and linguistics. Bill Foley states in his textbook that "the boundary between pragmatics and anthropological linguistics or sociolinguistics is impossible to draw at present." So if we recognize Bronislaw Malinowski not only as one of the founders of modern social anthropology but also as one of the founding fathers of anthropological linguistics, we should have a closer look at Malinowski's importance for pragmatics in general. This paper presents Malinowski's contributions to the ethnographic theory of language, assesses his role as an apologist of anthropological linguistics, and discusses his influence (not only) on (new) developments in linguistic pragmatics.

12

Valgevene folkloristika onnestumised ja valupunktid 21. sajandil

75%

Valodzina T.

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tom 75

157-174

EN

The article gives an overview of the achievements in Belarusian folkloristics in the 21st century, highlighting the most vulnerable areas in folklore research, and trying to understand the reasons and prerequisites for successes and shortcomings in folkloristics. The author is especially concerned about the shortage of professionals in the country to block the non-scientific publications. Although entertainment-specialised publications offer the reader exiting mythology, they also contain unsubstantiated generalisations made on the basis of traditions in a narrow region. This makes detailed research into folklore as a complete historical and cultural phenomenon the more essential. Therefore, Belarusian folklorists’ most important direction of work is the recording of the folk heritage, identification of the typology of the folklore genres, determination of the spread areas of song melodies, dances, plots, motifs, and images, and preparation of collections revealing the richness of the cultural landscape of the Republic of Belarus in its regional and local peculiarities. In 2013 the Centre of Fine Arts, Ethnography, and Folklore at the Belarusian Academy of Sciences launched an annual collection of scholarly articles under the heading Belarusian Folklore: Materials and Studies. The edition has already become a fruitful and interesting platform for discussing topical problems in folklore studies. The research covers the main directions of Belarusian folkloristics, and new approaches to study and understand the traditional world of Belarusian spiritual culture.

13

Hudba jako antropologické zrcadlo menšiny na příkladu výzkumu hudebních aktivit současných vídeňských Čechů

75%

Skořepová Honzlová Z.

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tom 26

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nr 2

132 - 143

EN

The study opens with an introductory section devoted to a brief presentation of the concept of minority and its definition. Based on comparison of the situation in Europe and the United States, as well as in different scholarly disciplines, the author aims to show main differences in its conceptualization and usage in the humanities, social sciences and law. On the background of the discipline´s development from comparative musicology to ethnomusicology, or musical anthropology, changes in the concept of minority and related research problems are outlined. At the beginning of the discipline, scholars focused on musical marginality embodied in non-European and predominantly rural European music in pursuit of its inclusion to the hypothetical timeline of musical development. While some scientists still continue documenting the music of endangered ethnic/national minorities, anthropology of music tends to study musical activities with respect to wider issues, such as music and identity negotiation among minority members, music and migration, etc. Finally, the author presents main questions, theoretical concepts, methodology and a summary of conclusions of her own research on musical activities of the contemporary Czech minority in Vienna, which was realized in the years 2012–2015.

14

Pierre Bourdieu a Kabylové: Idealizace, identifikace, instrumentalizace?

75%

Hyánková T.

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nr 1

101-122

EN

Pierre Bourdieu’s social scientific concepts and theories are very popular among social scientists today. However, his early writings based on fieldwork in Algeria are far less well known, despite the fact that in was in these texts that his famous concepts and theories originated. This article sets out to examine the mutual relationship between Bourdieu and the Kabyle people from several perspectives. The author focuses on Bourdieu’s relationship to the fieldwork, his relations with Kabyle intellectuals, and at the role they played as his key informants and ‘experts’ on Kabyle culture. The article investigates to what extent and how in France Bourdieu defended the academic activities of the Kabyle people relating to their own culture. It also studies Bourdieu’s opinion on the Kabyle people’s emancipation efforts within independent Algeria. Finally, it looks at how familiar the Kabyle people are today with Bourdieu’s work on their society and culture and how his body of work is interpreted, taught at universities and used as a tool in the formation process of Kabyle collective identity. The article is based on a study of primary and secondary sources: Bourdieu’s scholarly writings, media interviews, his speeches at ceremonies, and his correspondence, and it draws on published interviews with Bourdieu’s friends and colleagues. The author also used her own fieldwork in Algeria as an auxiliary source of data.

15

Inicjacje terenowe i rozwojowy wymiar doświadczania „pola badawczego”. Opowieści o wojnie, zesłaniu i terenowym modus operandi

75%

Kość-Ryżko K.

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2021

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nr 7

383-403

EN

Ethnographic field research involves not only work, but also personal and existential experience. Sometimes it is routine, ordinary, and on schedule, but generally, it is not without difficulties and challenges. I discuss some of these in this article. The analysis is based on my own research experience, the common feature of which is the transgressive nature of experiences related by people and issues generally defined as “difficult”. My research projects involved war victims (exiles, refugees, deportees), i.e. people who often found themselves in life-threatening situations, had experienced loss, trauma and death of their relatives. Our meetings and interviews had cognitive, psychological and devel- opmental dimension, both in a personal and professional sense. I refer to these situations as “initiatory” experiences, as they constitute significant turning points in my perception of reality and my approach to research as a profession. In this paper, I discuss both meth- odological challenges related to research deemed difficult, as well as dilemmas related to ethnographic epistemology and the auto-ethnographic turn. My main concern here is whether and how to write about what is happening on the margins of field research and the personal struggles involved in such research.

16

Procedures for accuracy assessment of electronic tacheometers as used in fieldwork conditions in accordance with ISO standards

75%

Pawłowski W.

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tom z. 1/82

251-258

17

Uwagi o fetyszyzacji empatii jako kategorii poznania antropologicznego

75%

Wróblewski F.

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tom 98

157-180

EN

In his article the author reflects on the ways of thinking by some Polish anthropologists representing the younger generation of researchers and mainly addresses the way in which they approach fieldwork. The author uses materials collected during his study of Polish ethnographers and anthropologists conducted from 2010 to 2014. The author applies tools of analysis and set of concepts developed by cognitive linguistics. Primarily he uses George Lakoff’s and Mark Johnson’s theory of metaphor, which lets him map and show the scale of the impact of everyday thinking on reasoning and practice in anthropology. This influence increases because anthropologists conceptualize fieldwork using such categories as empathy, empathize, dialogue and face-to-face relation with informants and fieldwork participants. Based on the gathered data the author distinguishes three fundamental subdomains involving 1. the field and the contact, 2. the researcher, and 3. the meeting. Each subdomain comprises three conceptual metaphors: 1. field is ownership, contact is a test of power, contact is a deal; 2. researcher is an expert, researcher is a sinner, researcher is obliged; 3. meeting is the situation, meeting is the task, meeting is a union. These metaphors not only constitute a model of selected aspects of anthropologists’ professional way of thinking, but also, indirectly, as preconceptions and hidden presuppositions influence researchers’ attitudes in the field, their results and the form of anthropological knowledge.

18

Miejsca poza miejscami. Polskie parki narodowe jako teren i laboratorium

63%

Pisarek A.

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nr 3

443-470

EN

The article concerns selected types of scientific and conservation spatial practices. The author is interested in Polish national parks as places for the production of knowledge about nature. He asks questions how the environment was adapted to this function, and how this adaptation was linked to the much more general tendencies toward the laboratory procedures and fieldwork in natural sciences at the turn of the 20th century. The article contains analyses of selected projects of Polish naturalists, activists and employees of national parks aimed at giving scientific status to conservation practices. The results of the research allow drawing conclusions that national parks are borderland places, where different ways of producing and using the acquired knowledge are tested. Conservation places appear as complex assemblages in which the selected tools and epistemic frameworks of technoscience have clothed into naturalized spatial formulas flowing from the adoption of certain ontological assumptions in a world of many worlds. The author proves that national parks – a result of the process of territorialization of nature – have been formed as places beyond places that allow mediating between fieldwork and laboratory modalities of technoscientific knowledge production.

PL

Artykuł dotyczy wybranych typów naukowych i ochronnych praktyk przestrzennych. Autor interesuje się polskimi parkami narodowymi jako miejscami wytwarzania wiedzy o przyrodzie, zadaje pytania, w jaki sposób środowisko zostało przystosowane do tej funkcji i jak to przystosowanie było związane z dużo ogólniejszymi tendencjami do podejmowania pracy w terenie i wdrażania procedur laboratoryjnych w obrębie nauk przyrodniczych na przełomie XIX i XX w. Artykuł zawiera analizy wyselekcjonowanych projektów polskich przyrodników, działaczy i pracowników parków narodowych aktywnie dążących do nadania naukowego statusu działaniom z zakresu ochrony przyrody. Wyniki przeprowadzonych badań pozwalają wyciągnąć wnioski mówiące, że parki narodowe to miejsca pogranicza, w których testowane są różne sposoby wytwarzania i wykorzystywania zdobytej wiedzy. Jawią się też jako złożone asamblaże, w których wybrane narzędzia i ramy epistemiczne technonauki okrzepły w znaturalizowanych formułach przestrzennych wypływających z przyjęcia określonych założeń ontologicznych w świecie składającym się z wielu światów. Autor dowodzi, że parki narodowe, będące wynikiem procesu terytorializacji przyrody, ukształtowały się jako miejsca poza miejscami, które mediują między terenowymi i laboratoryjnymi modalnościami produkcji wiedzy technonaukowej.

19

The doxastic body: Embodying ideological orientations

63%

Keitum Fisker T.

|

nr 2

8-26

PL

Choć ciało podlega dogłębnej analizie w studiach retorycznych, rozumiane jest przede wszystkim jako tekst lub poprzez tekst. Po dokonaniu przeglądu literatury na temat ciała w badaniach retorycznych, niniejszy artykuł dowodzi, że umiejscowione, konkretne ciało jest integralną częścią tożsamości ideologicznej poprzez swoją funkcję doksastycznego dowodu w argumentacji entymematycznej. Artykuł nakreśla retoryczno-etnograficzną perspektywę w badaniu punktów ekspresji doksastycznego ciała w konkretnej dziedzinie.

EN

While thoroughly theorized in rhetorical studies, the body primarily is understood as or through text. Following a literature review of the body in rhetorical scholarship, this article argues that the situated, concrete body is integral to ideological identity through its function as doxastic warrant in enthymematical argumentation. The article finally outlines a rhetorical-ethnographic orientation for investigating the points of expression for a doxastic body of a specific field.

20

W stronę socjologicznego ujęcia etyki badań naukowych

63%

Rancew-Sikora D. , Cymbrowski B.

|

2016

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tom 12

|

nr 3

22-39

PL

Zgodnie z tezą, że kompetencje etyczne stanowią ważną cechę kompetencji merytorycznych badaczy terenowych, a doświadczane przez nich dylematy etyczne mają charakter dylematów metodologiczno-teoretycznych, autorzy artykułu naświetlają problem połączenia refleksji etycznej z paradygmatem socjologii jakościowej. Argumentują, że wydzielenie jej jako specjalności normatywnej i filozoficznej, która dominuje w kodeksach etycznych, niesie ze sobą zagrożenie traktowania jej w inny sposób niż pozostałezagadnienia obecne w socjologicznych badaniach i refleksjach oraz może prowadzić do istotnej straty poznawczej. Autorzy podkreślają możliwość i potrzebę rozwijania etyki badań w paradygmacie socjologii jakościowej, poszukując inspiracji u źródeł socjologii: u Webera, Durkheima i w szkole chicagowskiej. Krytycznie odnoszą się do nadziei, że tworzenie kodeksów etycznych jest skutecznym sposobem samoregulacji środowisk naukowych, wskazując na znaczenie specyficznych historycznych, społecznych i językowych kontekstów ich tworzenia oraz osadzenie ich w normatywnej wizji życia społecznego, która nie jest zgodna z duchem socjologii interpretatywnej. W konsekwencji, opowiadają się za ujmowaniem zagadnień etycznych podkreślających podmiotowość, sytuacyjność, procesualność i komunikacyjny charakter zarówno działań badaczy w terenie, jak i działań instytucji akademickich w tym zakresie.

EN

According to the thesis that ethical competence is an important part of professional competence of social researchers and that ethical dilemmas are often experienced by them as methodological and theoretical dilemmas, the authors of the article highlight the problem of lack of link between ethical reflection and the paradigm of qualitative sociology. They argue that the separation of this topic within mainly normative-philosophical domain, which dominates in ethical codes, carries a risk of treating itdifferently than other issues of sociological investigation and can lead to a significant loss of its cognitive value. Instead, the authors emphasize the possibility and the need to develop research ethics within the paradigm of qualitative sociology, looking for an inspiration in the works of Max Weber, Emile Durkheim, the Chicago School, Norman Denzin and Martyn Hammersley among others. They are critical to the hope that creation of ethical codes is an effective way of scientific communities self-regulation, stressing the importance of specific historical, social and linguistic contexts of their creation. Consequently, the authors emphasize subjective, situational, processual, and discursive character of ethics-oriented activities, undertaken both by researchers in the field, and by academic institutions in this regard.