Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Krajinou současného českého feminismu

100%

Nyklová B.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2013

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tom 14

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nr 1

52-63

EN

Over the course of the past twenty years, a diverse feminist and gender scene has formed in the Czech Republic. It contains academic institutions (Gender & Sociology at the Czech Academy of Science, FSS MU in Brno, FHS UK in Prague), a plethora of NGOs (Gender Studies, o.p.s., Fórum 50%, o.s., proFem, o.p.s., etc.) as well as solitary thinkers and associations (anarchofeminism, DIY culture, zines). The scene engages with feminist theories often coming from a different historical and social context. While this engagement has been partly mapped out (e.g. Kapusta-Pofahl 2002, Kodíčková 2002, Chaloupková 2006, Oates-Indruchová 2011) many topics remain unaddressed. This paper offers a comparison of claims made in literature on the scene with insights from twenty-seven semi-structured interviews with representatives of the Czech feminist scene concerning mainly the theories used and preferred by the research participants interviewed. The goal of the research is to map out topics concerning theories the scene uses. Five of these, the ones most resonant with the literature reviewed, are presented in the paper – self-identification with feminism, typology of feminisms, heterogeneity and a missing debate, sociological mainstream, and provincialism.

2

Politická diferencia a feministická teória

75%

Kobová Ľ.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2012

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tom 13

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nr 2

18-27

EN

The paper discusses the uses of the concept of the political in both feminist political theory and mainstream postfoundational political theory, and its implications for feminist political theorizing today. In feminist theory, the concept primarily emerged as a counter -reaction to the disputed foundations of feminism, the subject of women. The political was identified with contingency and contingent foundations; however, no thorough exploration of the term was carried out within the field of feminist theorizing. The mainstream postfoundational political theory rests in identifying political difference, i.e. a difference between the ontic level of politics and its foundations on ontological level. I introduce Mouffe’s notion of agonism as an exemplary normative theory of political difference. Next to it I juxtapose Jacques Rancière’s approach which attempts to undermine the distinctions on which ontological political differences are based. His account of politics seems to point beyond ontologization of politics and, instead, focuses on the immanent plane of politics, in which the given, the visible can be merely recomposed. In conclusion I link his account to that of Linda Zerilli’s political judgment, and argue for a feminist political philosophy and theory without the need for a purified founding concept of the political.

3

Za hranice feministických diskusí mezi Východem a Západem

75%

Kampichler M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2012

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tom 13

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nr 2

4-17

EN

The paper aims to critically analyze the construction of feminist East/West debates in the context of the anthology Gender Politics and Post -Communism (Funk, Mueller 1993). It does so from the perspective of other critical feminist voices as well as global power relations, taking effect in the international feminist academic community. Its starting point are discussions related to differences among women in feminist theories, which started in the 1980s and, in relation to them, the concept of “discursive colonization” (Chandra Talpade Mohanty), which underscores the effects of power/knowledge (Foucault) in international feminist research related to women in Third World contexts. The analysis in the second part of the paper focuses on the contributions by Nanette Funk, Hana Havelková and Jiřina Šiklová, which have been, in the literature, repeatedly related to the feminist East/West debates. Based on this analysis I argue that the central focus on differences along the “East”/“West” dividing line is the cornerstone of these debates, but, at the same time, it masks the power relations which co -create them. The point is an interaction of the East/West hierarchy with an essentialist and theoretically limited notion of Western feminism. Departing from that, I track how this interaction has shaped further developments of the debates, and explore how a non -essentialist understanding of Western feminism and, in relation to that, a turn toward examining the reproduction of global power relations through mainstream feminist analytical approaches, makes it possible to go beyond the identified limits of feminist East/West debates.

4

Problém "chůvy" ve feminismu

75%

Tronto J.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2012

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tom 13

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nr 1

3-11

EN

Are social movements responsible for their unfinished agendas? Feminist successes in opening the professions to women paved the way for the emergence of the upper middle-class two-career household. These households sometimes hire domestic servants to accomplish their child care work. If, as I shall argue, this practice is unjust and furthers social inequality, then it poses a moral problem for any feminist commitment to social justice.

5

Nemůžeš být malířka, z tebe bude číšnice: kariéry umělkyň v kademickém prostředí, feministická pedagogika a figura autority

75%

Štefková Z.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2013

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tom 14

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nr 1

27-35

EN

The article tracks the journeys of selected American women artists of the second wave of feminist movement on their path through art institutions and their changing relation toward the figure of authority from the position of students to the one of art pedagogues. The text examines sexist conduct and language characteristic of and specific to the environment of art academies and the art world in general. Using the example of Feminist Art Program founded in 1970 by Judy Chicago at the Fresno University, it tries to assess power relations and teacher authority within the context of feminist art pedagogy. Furthermore, the text gives examples of problems encountered by Czech women artists regarding their access to authority. The article is based on a qualitative research and synthesis of interviews with American women artists who at some point of their careers taught studio art and tried to reconsider the authority they embodied.

6

The growth of Czech feminism: analyzing resistance activities through a gendered lens, 1968 to 1993

63%

Martin M. R.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2009

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tom 10

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nr 1

37-44

EN

This paper explores how women’s roles and participation in resistance to Czechoslovak communism from 1968 to the Velvet Revolution serve as a base for Czech feminist thought. By examining three generations of participants through a gendered, Beauvoirian lens, the emergence of feminism can be easily charted through changing perceived gender roles and increased attention to gender issues. After the events of the Prague Spring, women from different groups of the Czechoslovak underground risked their own safety to exercise free speech and expression. Women’s struggles for greater liberties were framed by traditional gender barriers, supposed communist equality, and Western influence. To understand the experiences of female dissidents as a base for Czech feminist thought, one must examine the nature and progression of various underground communities and women’s roles within them. Since 1968, an increased emphasis on women’s freedoms and liberties has helped create a unique, local sense of femininity and feminism.

7

Mlčení je forma komunikace: feministické debaty o politických aspektech psychologické praxe

63%

Machovcová K.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2009

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tom 10

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nr 1

1-7

EN

The heated debate between feminism(s) and psychology(ies) about being political goes beyond the understanding of feminism as a dangerous ideology that needs to be divorced from the respect for approaches intrinsic to psychological practices. Political activism is frequently understood as a core feminist value, but different ethics can come into play in psychology and psychotherapy. Professionals engaged in critical and feminist approaches seek to combine being political while cherishing the autonomous decision-making of each and every client. However, we also encounter positions where individual work is rejected and only collective activism is to be pursued, or on the other hand, positions where activism beyond individual help is deemed unrealistic. In the following text different perspectives on feminist politics and psychology will be presented. For instance, critical psychology can serve as one of the platforms where feminisms and the critique of psychological theories can come together in claiming that neutrality is impossible. The theoretical part of the article is illustrated with examples, some of which were drawn from the empirical material collected for the author’s dissertation project ‘Gendering Psychological Counselling’.

8

Feminismus, kapitalismus a lest dějin

51%

Fraser N. , Linková M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2009

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tom 10

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nr 2

1-9

EN

Building on historical narrative and social-theoretical analysis, Fraser explores the place of second-wave feminism in relation to three specific moments in the history of capitalism. The first point refers to the movement’s beginnings in the context of ‘state-organized capitalism’. The second point refers to the process of feminism’s evolution in the dramatically changed social context of rising neoliberalism. And the third point refers to a possible reorientation of feminism in the present context of capitalist crisis and US political realignment, which for her could mark the beginning of a shift from neoliberalism to a new form of social organization. Orienting her analysis around four key points of feminist critique-androcentrism, economism, étatism and Westphalianism-Fraser charts a fascinating journey of second-wave feminism since the 1960s to identify a “dangerous liaison” second-wave feminism developed with capitalism. She concludes that in order to reclaim second-wave feminism as a robust critique conjoining both claims for recognition and redistribution- which were unlinked during the period of rising neoliberalism-eminism needs to become more historically self-aware.

9

Miesto feminizmu v tradícii sociálnej práce

51%

Bosá M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2011

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tom 12

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nr 1

35-43

EN

The paper explores the close connection between social work and feminist movement and theory. He tradition and history of social work are incomplete without social workers - women activists. he aim of the paper is to examine the historical context of the professionalization of social work in close connection with the irst wave of feminism, and to interrogate positions which refuse feminist approaches in social work as marginal, ideological - not objective, or curious and even dangerous, improper. Women’s movement is one of the sources of development and professionalization of social work. Political and social activism of many outstanding women - “Mothers“ of social work - was an integral part of their professional career. his aspect of their lives is, however, all too often “forgotten“ in textbooks. he importance of pride, roots and the tradition is a fundamental aspect for every social work graduate and practitioner, especially as the status of social work in society has been falling.

10

Od globálního sesterství k transnacionálnímu feminismu: výzvy ženskému hnutí ve formě kulturních odlišností a nerovností mezi ženami

51%

Kolářová M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2010

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tom 11

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nr 1

30-40

EN

Transnational feminism has become a significant global actor in recent decades, but it is not unanimous. Imperial tendencies of western feminists to influence women in other cultures have already appeared in the history of the feminist movement. Criticism of white Euro-American feminism, especially in the form of global sisterhood, has reached a peak in the past three decades, especially in international fora. Anti-colonial feminists have complained about the racist and orientalist practices of American feminists. Black and latino women, Eastern European post-communist women, and Islamic feminists have voiced protest against the universalisation of feminism and western forms of emancipation. This article presents these challenges to the feminist movement and the recent shift to the concept of transnational feminism that includes intersectional analysis and transversal politics. The author argues that in the 1990s post-socialist feminists were critical of the West in the same way that third-world feminists have been. Today this problem is beginning to twist as the post-socialist feminists became the part of the dominant subject and they need to take into account the criticisms of marginalised women from developing countries.

11

Skryté výzvy ekofeminismu

51%

Javorská Z.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2010

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tom 11

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nr 2

16-22

EN

This article identifies connections between the current critical condition of nature and women’s position in society. The author describes ecofeminism and situates it within the context of the feminist and environmental movements. The purpose of this article is to introduce the fundamental ideas of ecofeminism, whose underlying principle is a critique of dualistic thinking, and a critique of the application of the logic of dominance and hierarchy. The author argues how this critique is derived from feministic epistemology and goes on to explain the ecofeminist critique of dualistic thinking and hierarchy historically connected to the scientific revolution, which had a big impact on the position of women in society and the current global ecological crisis.

12

"Zachraňte Aminu": globální spravedlnost pro ženy a interkulturní dialog

51%

Jaggar A. M.

Gender, rovné příležitosti, výzkum (Gender, Equal Opportunities, Research)

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2010

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tom 11

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nr 1

3-16

EN

Western moral and political theorists have recently devoted considerable attention to the perceived victimisation of women by non-western cultures. In this paper, the author argues that conceiving injustice to poor women in poor countries primarily as a matter of their oppression by illiberal cultures presents an understanding of their situation that is crucially incomplete. This incomplete understanding distorts Western theorists’ comprehension of our moral relationship to women elsewhere in the world and so of our theoretical task. It also impoverishes our assumptions about the intercultural dialogue necessary to promote global justice for women.

13

O konstruktivistce a esencialistovi: ke stylu a motivům dvou reinterpretací mýtu o Libuši

44%

Jelínek J.

Česká literatura (Czech Literature)

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2021

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tom 69

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nr 3

312-342

EN

The paper aims to show how two of the contemporary Czech postmodern writers deal with the fictional renarration of the princess Libuše myth. Pole a palisáda (The Field and the Palisade, 2006) by Miloš Urban brings forth a traditional conception of the story. Vilma Kadlečková wrote her story O snovačce a přemyslovi (Of the Weaver and the Premeditator, 2007 AND 2015) as a direct answer to Urban’s adapation and offers a completely different approach, setting the story into the future and reversing many of its elements. The differences between the two texts are shown in various areas: the concept of uncertainty, the role of nature, the usage of number and color symbolism and the approach to the problems of gender and sexuality.