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Přechylování příjmení v matrikách od konce 18. století do poloviny 20. století ve vztahu k dnešnímu stavu

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Matúšová J.

Acta onomastica

2024

tom 65

nr 2

374-386

The surnames of Czech females are traditionally created from the masculine form by adding the suffix -ová (Novák – Nováková). This form was established by law in 1949 as the standard. Today’s law changes permit that females may choose the masculine form of their husband’s surname (Novák) or use the male surname of their husband along with their original feminine form as well (Dvořák Nováková). This development deserves comparison with the historical situation. In this article, we analyze the female surnames entered in the Catholic marriage registers in several towns and villages, especially in the second half of the 19th and the first half of the 20th century. There are several possibilities how the scribes wrote down the bride’s name. They identified her by the first name and the relation to her father or former husband (Anna, daughter of…), used the masculine form of the surname, or created feminine forms by using the suffixes -ova (identical with the possessive suffix) or -ová. Even though the recording of female surnames was influenced by the customs of the individual scribes, the rise of using forms with the suffix -ová as an independent feminine surname in the 20th century is evident. The masculine forms of the surnames of brides are relatively infrequent in historical documents, not specific to any particular time period, and dependent on the scribe customs (they were used especially when the bride was of foreign, typically German, origin). The use of two family names (e.g., Dvořák Nováková) was not documented in the marriage registers. Today’s law changes are in opposition to the historical development and do not respect the use of female surnames in daily Czech communication. Masculine forms only make sense for females who are often abroad, and/or have a husband of foreign origin, etc. The future will show whether Czech females will prefer traditional surnames with the suffix -ová or choose the masculine form of the surname for documents. It is probable that the form with -ová will be used in common Czech communication regardless of the form indicated in the documents.

Odprzymiotnikowe nazwiska żeńskie w Polsce

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Walkowiak J. B.

Acta onomastica

2016

tom 57

127-140

The article is concerned with adjectival-type female surnames in Polish (other than those ending in -ski/-cki/-dzki), which since the end of WWII can generally be used by women in their masculine or feminine form. Its main goal is to analyse the choices that the female bearers of these surnames make regarding their form. The legal regulations pertaining to these surnames are presented in historical overview, and the varied attitudes of normative reference works towards the acceptability of masculine forms for women are outlined. Much space has also been devoted to the discussion of various problems encountered when trying to determine, on the basis of actual use, which surnames can indeed be treated as adjectival. It has been found that despite the seventy years that have elapsed since male forms of such surnames were made legally acceptable for women, most women concerned apparently still prefer the traditional feminine forms. Moreover, there is little relationship between the percentage of female users of a particular surname in its masculine form, and its appellative meaning or connotations. The surnames that are more popular in their male form are not necessarily those with the most potentially offensive semantic meaning.

Użycie nazwisk żeńskich z sufiksem -icha/-ycha jako przykład dialektyzacji antroponimów (na przykładzie nazwisk kobiet ze świata polityki)

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Kucharzyk R.

Onomastica

2017

tom 61

nr 2

277-287

The article presents the phenomenon in which the dialectal suffix -icha/-ycha is used to create feminine variants of surnames of women involved in politics. The subject of the analysis includes the surnames of women politicians (e.g. Kopaczycha < Kopacz), as well as the surnames of wives and daughters of famous politicians (e.g. Pawlaczycha < Pawlak). Such dialectal anthroponyms not only perform an identification function, but they are also used to fulfil various communication objectives. The material which is analysed in this article comes from the utterances of Internet users posted on various forums.