Wyniki wyszukiwania - Biblioteka Nauki

1

Modelling of components of resultant force during face milling

100%

Sekulić M. , Kovač P.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2008

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tom Vol. 8, No. 2

65--72

EN

Cutting forces during face milling are investigated intensively analytically and experimentally. Some of previous approaches to cutting forces determination consider only main (tangential) cutting force component, and according to this define cutting power. The experimental investigations were performed during face milling with a goal to determine models of cutting force versus cutter revolution. Different models were determined according to the cutter approach to the workpiece during cutting angle of revolution.

2

Methods of comparison of surface texture based on fractal dimension and Hotelling’s T2 test

80%

Gogolewski D.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2019

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tom Vol. 19, No. 4

82--90

EN

Comparative analysis of the surface texture of machine parts can be successfully carried out using statistical tests. The paper presents a methodology of method used to compare the surface texture by applying Hotelling’s T2 test as well as a method used to evaluate surface topography by applying fractal dimension. The tests were carried out on samples produced with the use of face milling process for four types of materials. The following types of steel were used: 40HM, C45, NC6 and WCL. For each type of material, four areas were machined with the same machining parameters. Based on these results a decision was made whether the surfaces, despite the same machining conditions, were significantly different from each other. Furthermore, the analysis indicated that the fractal dimension enabled to characterise signal irregularities in quantitative and qualitative way.

3

Optimization of CNC face milling process of Al-6061-T6 aluminum alloy

80%

Jarosz K. , Löschner P. , Niesłony P. , Krolczyk G.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2017

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tom Vol. 17, No. 1

69--77

EN

In modern machining industry, the use of computer software is an integral element in the design of technological processes. This work aims to present possibilities for optimization of milling operations with the use of commercial software designed especially for that use. A face milling operation of an aluminium flange was chosen for this study. Several different optimization strategies were described and their results shown, analysed and discussed. The effect of variable radial depth of cut on cutting force values in milling processes was reflected upon. Additionally, further research involving comparison of experiment results with simulation was proposed. It was proven that correct optimization strategy can reduce machining time for the analysed face milling operation about 37% without exceeding imposed process parameter constraints.

4

An assessment of applicability of the two-dimensional wavelet transform to assess the minimum chip thickness determination accuracy

80%

Gogolewski D. , Makieła W. , Nowakowski Ł.

Metrology and Measurement Systems

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2020

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tom Vol. 27, nr 4

659--672

EN

The objective of the study was to assess the potential use of optical measuring instruments to determine the minimum chip thickness in face milling. Images of scanned surfaces were analyzed using mother wavelets. Filtration of optical signals helped identify the characteristic zones observed on the workpiece surface at the beginning of the cutting process. The measurement data were analyzed statistically. The results were then used to estimate how accurate each measuring system was to determine the minimum uncut chip thickness. Also, experimental verification was carried out for each mother wavelet to assess their suitability for analyzing surface images.

5

Determination of the Cutting Forces in a Face Milling Operation Using the Artificial Neural Networks

80%

Manić M. , Tanikić D. , Nikolić V.

Machine Dynamics Problems

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2005

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tom Vol. 29, No. 3

51--58

EN

The magnitude of the cutting force, which occurs during the face milling process, depends on many factors such as the cutting depth, the velocity of accessory motion, the number of revolutions of the main spindle, the feed rate, type of material of the cutting tool and the machined part etc. Anyway, calculating this force is not a simple problem and that is the reason why, in some cases, it is expedient to use empirical forms or interpolation formulas obtained by processing of measuring results in laboratory conditions. In order to calculate cutting force, the results have been processed in two ways: using a multifactorial experiment and using artificial neural networks. Results of this work show that an artificial neural network can be very useful in the cutting force prediction.

6

Frezowanie czołowe stali C45 po cięciu laserem narzędziami o ostrzach z regularnego azotku boru

80%

Skoczylas A. , Zaleski K.

Mechanik

|

2015

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tom R. 88, nr 8-9CD2

311--319

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki badań frezowania czołowego – narzędziami o ostrzach z regularnego azotku boru – warstw charakteryzujących się prążkowaną strukturą, powstałych w procesie cięcia wiązką lasera. Poddano analizie składowe siły skrawania występujące podczas frezowania czołowego oraz chropowatość obrobionej powierzchni. W badaniach wykorzystano próbki ze stali C45. Głębokość skrawania była dobierana w takim zakresie, aby usunąć tylko cześć warstwy utwardzonej, która powstała w procesie cięcia wiązką laserową.

EN

The article presents the results of milling layers, characterized with a “stria” structure, formed during laser cutting. The process was conducted with blades made of cubic boron nitride. Surface roughness and components of the cutting force, occurring during face milling were analyzed. The C45 steel samples were used in the study. The depth of cut was selected in such a way as to remove only a part of the layer formed by cutting with a laser beam.

7

The effect of alternative cutter paths on flatness deviations in the face milling of aluminum plate parts

70%

Dobrzynski M. , Chuchala D. , Orlowski K. A.

Journal of Machine Engineering

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2018

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tom Vol. 18, No. 1

80--87

EN

In this paper the relationships between the alternative machining paths and flatness deviations of the aluminum plate part, were presented. The flatness tolerance of the main surface of the plate part has crucial meaning due to the assembly requirement of piezoelectric elements on the radiator. The aluminum bodies under investigation are the base part of the radiators with crimped feathers for the train industry. The surface of the aluminum plate part was milled using three different milling strategies: along of longer or shorter side of workpiece and at an angle of 45°. The aluminum bodies were machined on milling centre ecoMILL 70 DMG MORI. The flatness deviation measurements were carried out on the Coordinated Measuring Machine Altera 7.5.5 Nikon Metrology NV. These measurements were made during the manufacturing process of the radiator, namely after machining, however, before the process crimping of feathers. The results that were obtained enables the validation of assumed milling path strategies in connection of the subsequent machining and assembly processes.

8

An assessment of applicability of the two-dimensional wavelet transform to assess the minimum chip thickness determination accuracy

70%

Gogolewski D. , Makieła W. , Nowakowski Ł. , Gogolewski D. , Makieła W. , Nowakowski Ł.

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9

Effect of Face Milling Parameters of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Plastics Composites on Surface Properties

70%

Miturska-Barańska I. , Józwik J. , Bere P.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2022

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tom Vol. 16, no 2

26--38

EN

This paper analyses the influence of face milling process parameters on the surface properties of carbon fibre reinforced polymer. The influence of milling speed and feed per tooth on the surface properties was determined. The influence of cutting speed and feed per tooth on surface energy properties was determined. The object of research was a carbon fiber reinforced plastics (CFRP) composites plate made of carbon fibre in epoxy matrix. The tool used in the study was a double-edged end mill. The machining parameters used were variable: cutting speeds of 100 m·min-1, 120 m·min-1, 140 m·min-1 and 160 m·min-1, and feeds per tooth of 0.015 mm/tooth, 0.020 mm/tooth, 0.025 mm/tooth and 0.03 mm/tooth. The axial depth of cut and radial depth of cut was a constant parameter. After milling, tests were carried out on the surface contact angle, which was used to determine the surface free energy. Based on the contact angle measurements carried out with the sitting-drop method and the calculation of the surface free energy with the Owens-Wendt model, it was observed, that the increase in the value of the surface free energy is significantly influenced by the increase in the cutting speed.

10

Effect of temperature of heat treatment on energetic intensity of flat milling of picea abies

70%

Koleda P. , Korčok M. , Barcík S. , Iľaš S.

Management Systems in Production Engineering

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2018

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tom nr 3 (26)

151--156

EN

The paper deals with the research of the influence of thermal modification temperature of spruce wood on the electric energy consumption of its face milling. Samples of spruce wood heat treated at temperatures of 160, 180, 200 and 220°C were milled at the cutting speed of 20, 40 and 60 m.s-1, the feed rate of 6, 10 and 15 m.min-1, the rake angle of 15° with the depth of the cut of 1 mm. The energy consumption was evaluated from the cutting power, which was based on the difference during milling and idle cycle. The analysis of variance showed a decrease in cutting power with an increasing temperature of thermal modification. The average cutting power value is 137.7 W at the native sample and 80.8 W at the sample treated at 220°C. The Duncan’s test of statistical significance has shown that the thermal modification has a statistically significant effect on the cutting power values.

11

Analysis of primary contact “STUV” in the face milling process

60%

Czánová T. , Pilc J. , Šemcer J.

Mechanik

|

2012

|

tom R. 85, nr 8-9CD (SOS)

265--274

12

Wyznaczanie minimalnej grubości warstwy skrawanej z wykorzystaniem dwuwymiarowej transformaty falkowej

60%

Makieła W. , Gogolewski D. , Nowakowski Ł.

|

2016

|

tom R. 89, nr 11

1632--1633

PL

W pracy podjęto próbę adaptacji dwuwymiarowej transformaty falkowej do identyfikacji występowania strefy inicjowania procesu skrawania oraz wyznaczenia wartości minimalnej grubości warstwy skrawanej dla procesu frezowania czołowego stali C45. Otrzymane wyniki wskazują na zdolność transformaty falkowej do analizy sygnałów niestacjonarnych oraz wykrywania w nich obszarów charakterystycznych.

EN

In this paper, authors take attempt to adapt the two-dimensional wavelet transform to identify the cutting zones and the determination of a minimum thickness value of the machined layer in the process of face milling of steel C45. The research results show the ability of the wavelet transform for the analysis of non-stationary signals and detecting characteristics zones in surface.

13

Analiza modelu do prognozowania chropowatości powierzchni frezowanych czołowo ostrzami o ostrym narożu

60%

Nowakowski Ł. , Miko E.

Logistyka

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2014

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tom nr 6

7981--7988

PL

Proces formowania chropowatości powierzchni jest skomplikowany i zależy od wielu czynników. Z analizy najnowszych pozycji literaturowych na ten temat wynika, że nowy uogólniony model do prognozowania chropowatości Ra powierzchni frezowanych czołowo płytkami o ostrym narożu, bierze pod uwagę ilościowe odwzorowanie ostrza, drgania narzędzia w stosunku do obrabianego przedmiotu, bicie ostrzy narzędzia (dla narzędzi wieloostrzowych), a pośrednio także zużycie narzędzia. Model ten może być wykorzystywany do budowy oddzielnych modeli dla większości typowych operacji obróbkowych, których chropowatość powierzchni jest reprezentowana przez parametr Ra. Symulacje przeprowadzone z wykorzystaniem opisanego w pracy modelu umożliwiły opracowanie nomogramów, które mogą być używane do przewidywania i kontroli chropowatości Ra powierzchni frezowanych czołowo.

EN

The process of surface roughness formation is complex and dependent on numerous factors. The analysis of the latest reports on the subject shows that a new generalized mathematical model of roughness formation was developed for surfaces shaped with sharp-nose tools. The model provides us with a quantitative analysis of the effects of the tool representation, tool vibrations in relation to the workpiece, tool runout (for multicutter tools) and, indirectly, also tool wear. This model can be used to prepare separate models for most of the typical machining operations. Surface roughness is represented here by Ra parameter. Simulations carried out for this model helped to develop nomograms which can be used for predicting and controlling the roughness Ra of surfaces sculptured by face milling.

14

Badania symulacyjne wpływu wybranych czynników na chropowatość powierzchni frezowanych czołowo

60%

Miko E. , Nowakowski Ł.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Świętokrzyskiej. Nauki Techniczne

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2008

|

tom Z. 11

183--190

PL

Wynikiem obróbki przedmiotu podczas frezowania czołowego głowicą frezową jest tworzenie się chropowatości powierzchni. Jest to proces bardzo trudny do jednoznacznego zdefiniowania ponieważ wpływa na niego wiele czynników. W poniższej pracy przedstawiono wpływ wybranych czynników takich jak: promień naroża ostrza, drgań w układzie narzędzie – przedmiot obrabiany oraz minimalnej grubości warstwy skrawalnej występujących podczas frezowania czołowego za pomocą głowicy frezowej na chropowatość powierzchni. Badania symulacyjne przeprowadzono w oparciu o model matematyczny konstytuowania się chropowatości powierzchni [1].

EN

The process of surface roughness formation is complex and dependent on numerous factors. The analysis of the latest reports on the subject shows that mathematical relationships used for determining surface irregularities after milling are not complete or accurate enough and, therefore, need to be corrected. A new mathematical model of roughness formation was developed for surfaces shaped with round-nose tools. The model is used to quantitatively assess the effects of the tool representation, tool-workpiece vibrations, unremoved fragments of the material, tool run-out and tool wear. Surface roughness is represented by parameter Ra. Simulations based on the model helped to develop nomograms, which can be used in practice for predicting and controlling the roughness Ra of surfaces sculptured by face milling.

15

Powstawanie zadziorów przy frezowaniu współbieżnym i przeciwbieżnym stopu AlSi10Mg

60%

Falkowicz K. , Kuczmaszewski J.

Przegląd Mechaniczny

|

2012

|

tom nr 9

23-27

PL

Operacje usuwania zadziorów są dość kosztowne, dlatego też znajomość tworzenia się zadziorów pozwala na uwypuklenie istotności tego zagadnienia w świetle ogólnie rozumianej obróbki skrawaniem. W artykule przedstawiony został? mechanizm formowania si´ zadziorów w procesie frezowania czołowego stopu AlSi10Mg. Zbadano również wpływ poszczególnych parametrów obróbki na wielkość powstających zadziorów.

EN

Since deburring is a costly and non-value-adding operation, the understanding and control of burr formation is a research topic with high relevance to industrial applications. The purpose of this paper was to study the burr formation mechanisms in face milling process of aluminum alloy AlSi10Mg, and to investigate the influence of machining parameters on burr formation in face milling.

16

Zastosowanie dwuwymiarowej transformaty falkowej do oceny chropowatości powierzchni frezowanych

60%

Makieła W. , Gogolewski D.

|

2016

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tom R. 89, nr 11

1627--1629

PL

Przedstawiono wyniki analizy chropowatości powierzchni z wykorzystaniem dwuwymiarowej transformaty falkowej. Badaniom poddano powierzchnie powstałe w procesie frezowania czołowego elementów ze stali 40HM. Wykazano, że poszczególne postaci falki bazowej mają zdolność do wykrywania charakterystycznych obszarów w sygnałach niestacjonarnych, jednak uwidaczniają powstałe wady powierzchni z różną intensywnością.

EN

In this paper, authors present the research results of surface roughness analysis using the two-dimensional wavelet transform. The tests have been carried out on surface of 40HM steel produced in face milling process. The research results show the particular mother wavelet has ability to detect specific areas in non-stationary signals, however, they highlight the surface defects with different intensity.

17

A comparative study of face milling of D2 steel using AL2O3 based nanofluid minimum quantity lubrication and minimum quantity lubrication

60%

Ahsan Ul Haq M. , Khan A. M. , Gong L. , Xu T. , Meng L. , Hussain S.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2018

|

tom Vol. 12, no 1

99--105

EN

This study aims to investigate the effects of process parameters: feed, depth of cut and flow rate, on the temperature during face milling of the D2 tool steel under two different lubricant conditions, Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) and Nano fluid Minimum Quantity Lubrication (NFMQL). Deionized water with the flow rate range 200–400 ml/h was used in MQL. 2% by weight concentration of Al2O3 nano particles with deionized water as a base fluid used as NFMQL with the same flow rate. Response surface methodology RSM central composite design CCD was used to design experiment run, modeling and analysis. ANOVA was used for the adequacy and validation of the system. The comparison shows that NFMQL condition reduced temperature more efficiently during machining.

18

Analiza powstawania odchyłek zarysu powierzchni obrobionej w warunkach frezowania czołowego

60%

Rybicki M. , Kawalec M.

Archiwum Technologii Maszyn i Automatyzacji

|

2004

|

tom Vol. 24, nr 2

77-84

PL

W artykule analizuje się problem powstawania odchyłki płaskości powierzchni frezowanej czołowo. Płaskość powierzchni opisywano odchyłkami zarysu Aw mierzonymi w różnych przekrojach wzdłużnych na szerokości frezowanej płyty oraz odchyłkami zarysu Ap w przekrojach poprzecznych. W modelach odchyłek uwzględniono wydłużenie cieplne ostrza skrawającego, cofnięcie naroża ostrza w wyniku jego zużycia, odkształcenie sprężyste układu OUPN i jego wybrane błędy geometryczne. Przeprowadzono analizę powstawania odchyłek oraz dokonano oceny wpływu na wartość Ap1Tmx odchyłki przekroju poprzecznego zmierzonego pochylenia układu wrze-ciono-głowica frezowa. Badania wykonano w warunkach frezowania czołowego zahartowanej stali WNL ostrzami z ceramiki umocnionej wiskerami KY4300.

EN

In the article problem of flatness error efface milled surface has been analyzed. Flatness error has been described by surface deviations Aw measured in various longitudinal sections on the width of milling slab as well as by deviations Ap in transverse sections. In models of the deviations, thermal expansion of wedge, regret of wedge corner as a result of its wear, elastic deformation of machined system due to cutting forces and its selected geometrical errors have taken into account. Analysis of the deviations arising as well as assessment of influence of measured spindle-face mill system tilt on value Apmax of transverse deviation has been done. Research has been carried out in conditions of face milling of the WNL hardened steel by whisker ceramics wedges KY4300 grade.

19

Investigation of the Impact of Face Milling Parameters on the Roughness of the Machined Surface for 1.4301 Steel

60%

Bembenek M. , Dzienniak D. , Dzindziora A. , Sułowski M. , Ropyak L.

Advances in Science and Technology. Research Journal

|

2023

|

tom Vol. 17, no 4

299--312

EN

The objective of this research was to analyze how different milling parameters impact the roughness of the surface produced during the machining process. Kinematic parameters, such as cutting speed and feed per tooth, as well as geometric parameters, such as axial and radial depth of machining, were considered in various configurations to determine which one had the greatest impact on the surface quality of 1.4301 stainless steel (also known as AISI 304, among other designations). This type of steel is commonly used in a number of industries, such as construction, automotive, food, chemical, decoration, oil, and petrochemical, owing to its favorable properties. It is also relatively cheap. The analyzed roughness parameters included Ra, Rq, Rz, Rt, which, considered collectively, provide a comprehensive picture of the overall surface quality. Based on the results, feed per tooth is the one parameter that was to a large degree responsible for the overall quality roughness of the surface of the analyzed samples. The remaining tested parameters also had an impact on the surface quality, which resulted in a dynamic increase or decrease in roughness (extremes), but not to the same degree as in the case of feed per tooth. At one point, for a relatively low axial depth of cut, a sudden increase in the resulting roughness was recorded.

20

Frezowanie powierzchnii napawanych laserowo

60%

Wijas M. , Nowakowski Ł.

Mechanik

|

2015

|

tom R. 88, nr 8-9CD2

320--328

PL

Praca przedstawia wyniki badań eksperymentalnych frezowania powierzchni napawanych laserowo. Jej celem było przeprowadzenie procesu regeneracji płaskiej powierzchni blachy wykonanej ze stali C45 poprzez napawanie laserowe oraz frezowanie czołowe. Ocenę rezultatów procesu regeneracji przeprowadzono na podstawie pomiarów wybranych parametrów struktury geometrycznej powierzchni zregenerowanej.

EN

The study shows the results of experimental tests of milling of laser-hardfaced surfaces. The goal was to carry out a process of regeneration of a flat surface of a C45 steel sheet through laser hardfacing and face milling. The results of the regeneration process were assessed on the basis of measurements of assorted geometrical structure parameters of the regenerated surface.