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Controlling effect of palaeo-tectonic stress field on gas occurrence

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Gong W. , Tian K. , Zhang R. , Xu X. , Zhang W. , Luo J. , Yuan Q.

Archives of Civil Engineering

2024

tom Vol. 70, nr 2

513--526

The paleo-tectonic stress field was hereby inverted by using the stereographic projection method through field and underground observations of conjugate shear joints. On the basis of analyzing and studying the characteristics of gas occurrence in mining areas, the control effect of paleo-tectonic stress field on gas occurrence was discussed from three aspects of gas generation, preservation environment and gas migration. The results show that: (1) During the Indosinian and early-middle Yanshan period, the coal seam was buried deep, and the temperature and pressure conditions were suitable for massive gas generation, especially during the Indosinian period featuring massive gas generation and weak gas migration; (2) During the late Yanshan period, the metamorphic evolution rate of coal seams accelerated, secondary hydrocarbon generation occurred in the coal seams, and a large amount of gas was generated. Meanwhile, the gas migration was enhanced. The gas generation amount was much larger than the emission amount, therefore, making it still a period of massive gas generation in general; (3) During the Himalayan period, the coal measure stratum was in the uplift stage, and a large number of geological structures were developed in the stratum. The tectonic stress field in this period caused the escape of massive coal seam gas. Multi-stage tectonic stress field acted on coal measures strata in turn, resulting in gas generation in coal seam and gas migration at the same time. Besides, gas occurrence is the superposition effect of gas generation, preservation conditions, and gas migration in coal seam.

Aesthetics-based classification of geological structures in outcrops for geotourism purposes: a tentative proposal

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Mikhailenko A. V. , Nazarenko O. V. , Ruban D. A. , Zayats P. P.

Geologos

2017

tom Vol. 23, No. 1

45--52

The current growth in geotourism requires an urgent development of classifications of geological features on the basis of criteria that are relevant to tourist perceptions. It appears that structure-related patterns are especially attractive for geotourists. Consideration of the main criteria by which tourists judge beauty and observations made in the geodiversity hotspot of the Western Caucasus allow us to propose a tentative aesthetics-based classification of geological structures in outcrops, with two classes and four subclasses. It is possible to distinguish between regular and quasi-regular patterns (i.e., striped and lined and contorted patterns) and irregular and complex patterns (paysage and sculptured patterns). Typical examples of each case are found both in the study area and on a global scale. The application of the proposed classification permits to emphasise features of interest to a broad range of tourists. Aesthetics-based (i.e., non-geological) classifications are necessary to take into account visions and attitudes of visitors.