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Alternating Consecutive Maximum Contraction as a Test of Muscle Function in Athletes Following ACL Reconstruction

100%

Knezevic O. M. , Mirkov D. M. , Kadija M. , Milovanovic D. , Jaric S.

Journal of Human Kinetics

2012

tom 35

nr 1

5-13

The novel test based on isometric alternating consecutive maximal contractions performed by two antagonistic muscles has been recently proposed as a test of muscle function in healthy subjects. The aim of this study was to evaluate reliability and sensitivity of a novel test as a test of knee muscles function in athletes recovering from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Fifteen male athletes with recent ligament reconstruction (4.0 ± 0.1 months following the surgery) and 15 sport and physical education students participated in the study. Peak torques of the quadriceps and hamstring muscles assessed both through the alternating consecutive maximal contractions and standard isokinetic test performed at 60 º/s and 180 º/s served for calculation of the hamstrings-to-quadriceps ratio and the bilateral difference in strength. When applied on individuals recovering from anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, the novel test revealed a high within-day reliability and sensitivity for detecting imbalances both between antagonistic and between contralateral muscles. The present findings suggest that alternating consecutive maximal contractions could be used as a test of muscle function that is either complementary or alternative to the isokinetic test, particularly in the laboratories where the isokinetic devices are not available. Potential advantages of the novel test could be both a brief testing procedure and a possibility to conduct it using relatively inexpensive devices such as custom made kits containing a single one-axis force transducer.

Anatomical variations of the hand extensors

72%

Abdel-Hamid G. A. , El-Beshbishy R. A. , Abdel Aal I. H.

Folia Morphologica

2013

tom 72

nr 3

This study was performed to investigate the anatomy and variations of the human extensor tendons of the fingers and their intertendinous connections. Ninety five upper limbs of adult cadavers were dissected. The variations in the extensor tendons of the fingers, both proximal and distal to the extensor retinaculum, and their mode of insertion were observed. Also, the intertendinous connections were explored and the obtained data were analysed. The extensor pollicis longus and brevis tendons were found to be single, doubled or, rarely, absent. Their insertion could be traced to either the proximal phalanx, or through the extensor expansion to both phalanges, or rarely to the distal phalanx of thumb. The extensor indicis had a single tendon in all specimens. In the majority of specimens, extensor digitorum had no independent slip to the little finger; it gave off a single tendon to the index, double tendons to the middle finger and triple tendons to the ring finger. Extensor digiti minimi muscle often had double or triple tendons distal to the extensor retinaculum. Three types of juncturae tendinum (JT) were identified between the tendons of extensor digitorum in the 2nd, 3rd and 4th intermetacarpal spaces (IMS) of hands. Types 1 and 2 JT were seen in the three IMS. Type 3 JT was the most frequently identified of all juncturae and was always absent in the 2nd IMS. The percentages of the present data were compared with other researchers’ data. (Folia Morphol 2013; 72, 3: 249–257)

MU firing characteristics in human dystrophic muscle

58%

Piotrkiewicz M. , Filipiuk M. , Hausmanowa-Petrusewicz I.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1993

tom 53

nr 1

Hindlimb muscle activity during unrestrained walking in cats with lesions of the lateral funiculi

58%

Zmyslowski W. , Gorska T. , Majczynski H. , Bem T.

Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis

1993

tom 53

nr 1