We show that the image of a q-hyperconvex quasi-metric space under a retraction is q-hyperconvex. Furthermore, we establish that quasi-tightness and quasi-essentiality of an extension of a T0-quasi-metric space are equivalent.
Przedstawiono podstawowe problemy i możliwości związane z rozbudową przepełnionych wysypisk bądź składowisk komunalnych. Omówiono zagraniczne i krajowe przykłady rozbudowy istniejących wysypisk.
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Basic problems and opportunities related to the extension of overfilled communal waste grounds or refuse dumps are dealt with. Foreign and national examples of the extension of existing communal dumping grounds are described.
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The classical Cayley-Hamilton theorem is extended to nonlinear time-varying systems with square and rectangular system matrices. It is shown that in both cases system matrices satisfy many equations with coefficients being the coefficients of characteristic polynomials of suitable square matrices. The proposed theorems are illustrated with numerical examples.
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The classical Gersgorin's theorem is extended for regular pencils and stable Roesser models. The extension for regular pencils is based on application of the elementary row and column operations to polynominal matrix of the regular pencil. The extended Gersgorin's theorem for regular pencils is illustrated by an example.
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In this paper, we will place our emphasis on the problem of existence of extensions and on finding more efficient algorithms for computing extensions of nonmonotonic rule systems. First, in order to dedicate further research into nonmonotonic rule systems a new characterization and some new results are given. This characterization and these results lead to new algorithms for computing extensions. Second, a class of nonmonotonic rule systems, called regular nonmonotonic rule systems, is developed. The existence of extensions and semi-monotonicity of regular nonmonotonic rule systems are proved. Third, we prove that each regular nonmonotonic rule system has at most 1.47n extensions, where n is the number of elements occurring in the system.
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We first give a general growth version of the theorem of Bernstein-Walsh-Siciak concerning the rate of convergence of the best polynomial approximation of holomorphic functions on a polynomially convex compact subset of an affine algebraic manifold. This can be considered as a quantitative version of the well known approximation theorem of Oka-Weil. Then we give two applications of this theorem. The first one is a generalization to several variables of Winiarski's theorem relating the growth of an entire function to the rate of convergence of its best polynomial approximation; the second application concerns the extension with growth of an entire function from an algebraic submanifold to the whole space.
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The classical Cayley-Hamilton theorem is extended to continuous-time linear systems with delays. The matrices of the system with delays satisfy algebraic matrix equations with coefficients of the characteristic polynomial.
We consider short mappings from a bounded subset of a Euclidean space into that space, that is, mappings which do not increase distances between points. By Kirszbraun's theorem any such mapping can be extended to the entire space to be short again. In general, the extension is not unique. We show that there are single-valued extension operators continuous in the supremum norm. The multivalued extension operator is lower semicontinuous.
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In Reiter's default logic, the operator in the fixed-point definition of extension is not appropriate to compute extensions by its iterated applications. This paper presents a class of alternative operators, called compatible ones, such that, at least for normal default theories and so-called well-founded, ordered default theories, we can get extensions by iterated applications of them. In addition, we completely answer Etherington's conjectures about both his procedure for generating extensions and a modified version of it. In particular, we give an example of a finite, ordered default theory, for which the original procedure fails to converge, and show that the computation of the modified one is essentially the iteration of a compatible operator and converges for finite, ordered theories
Praca obejmuje badania zmierzające do wyznaczenia naprężeń granicznych odpowiadających początkowi odkształceń plastycznych w rozciąganych tarczach z otworami o różnych średnicach. Dodatkowo wyznaczano zarys i sposób propagacji strefy plastycznej przy otworze. W badaniach stosowano autorską metodę rozpoznawania odkształceń plastycznych wykorzystującą zjawisko interferencji optycznej światła monochromatycznego. Metodę zaprezentowano na przykładzie statycznej próby rozciągania próbki ze stali NWC. Przedstawiono dokumentację fotograficzną rozwoju strefy odkształceń plastycznych dla przykładowego otworu oraz zestawienie wartości naprężeń granicznych dla różnych stosunków średnicy otworu do szerokości rozciąganej tarczy.
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The work contains tests approaching to determine the proof stress corresponding to the beginning of plastic deformations in elongated shields with holes of different diameters. Additionally, the profile and way of flow zone propagation near the hole was determined. In the tests, the authorship method of plastic strain identification based on monochromatic light optical interference effect was used. The method was presented on the example of static tensile test of the specimen made of NWC steel. The photographic documentation of the growth of plastic deformation zone for example hole and comparison of the proof stress values for different hole diameter-width of elongated shield ratios were presented.
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The paper is a polemical commentary on Wacław Cockiewicz’s monograph Metaforyka Leśmiana (Analiza lingwistyczna). [Metaphors in Leśmian’s poetry (A linguistic analysis)]. It is claimed that although the author of the book rejects as inadequate the cognitive theory of metaphor developed by George Lakoff and his followers, some of his tacit assumptions actually follow its premises. On the other hand, lack of coherent methodology and erroneous treatment of metaphor as the relation of equivalence (A equals B) result in incoherent or downright incorrect interpretation of many metaphors selected for analysis. Individual items from the corpus are presented in alphabetical order, without concern for either the level of their specificity or their semantic cognation. In effect, their systematicity is often missed. Moreover, in some cases Cockiewicz finds himself unable to interpret Leśmian’s metaphors, and thus his Rnal conclusions – though intuitively correct and partially corroborated by some of the analyses – are undermined.
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W artykule zebrane zostały przykłady przebudów, rozbudów i adaptacji obiektów historycznych zaprojektowanych na zasadzie zaskoczenia i kontrastu. W analizowanych realizacjach rozważono różne możliwości stosowania zaskakujących rozwiązań w zależności od atrybutu architektury, którego dotyczyły. Celem pracy było ukazanie nurtu współczesnego projektowania w środowisku zabytkowym.
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In my paper examples of conversions, extensions and adaptations of historical buildings were gathered. All the projects' ideas have been based on contrasting and astonishing architectural solutions. In the analysis different aspects of astonishment, depending on architecture's attributes were analyzed. The purpose of my paper was to show a modern approach for projecting in historical environment.
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This work is in the field of region-based (or Whitehedian) theory of space, which is an important subfield of Qualitative Spatial Reasoning (QSR). The paper can be considered also as an application of abstract algebra and topology to some problems arising and motivated in Theoretical Computer Science and QSR Different axiomatizations for region-based (or Whiteheadian) theory of space are given. The most general one is introduced under the name ``Contact Algebra". Adding some extra first- or second-order axioms to those of contact algebras, some new or already known algebraic notions are obtained. Representation theorems and completion theorems for all such algebras are proved. Extension theories of the classes of all semiregular T0-spaces and all N-regular (a notion introduced here) T1-spaces are developed.
The article presents the CRAB harmonic formation. This is a sequence of various Fibonacci retracements (internal and external), used for capital market to make investment decisions. The potential reversal zone is determined using Fibonacci techniques. An investment decision is initiated within this zone, involving less risk and being more effective. Investment decisions are made against the prevailing trend in the harmonic area in which various price projections are at play.
One of the most spectacular turns in the art of the 20th century was based on the linguistic reorientation of philosophy, whose extreme manifestation was Wittgenstein's non- denotational conception of meaning. It inspired the so-called analytical conceptualism that was trying in vain to overcome the heterogeneous nature of conceptism, from which it derived. This is reflected especially in Joseph Kosuth's confusion concerning the neo-positivist inspiration and one of the guiding themes of natural language philosophy which emphasizes the significance of metaphor and the fundamental role of the functor as in human thinking. The following article presents this process of inconsistent reduction of art to language, showing some of its consequences and its replacement by contextualism.
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Podstawą jednego z najbardziej spektakularnych zwrotów w sztuce XX wieku była lingwistyczna reorientacja filozofii, której skrajnym przejawem była niedenotacyjna koncepcja znaczenia Ludwiga Wittgensteina. Jej aplikacji dokonał tzw. analityczny konceptualizm, który w tym lingwistycznym zwrocie daremnie usiłował przezwyciężyć heterogeniczny charakter konceptyzmu, z którego notabene się wywodził. Świadczy o tym, zwłaszcza u Josepha Kosutha, pomieszanie neopozytywistycznej inspiracji z motywem filozofii języka naturalnego, który podkreśla doniosłość metaforyzacji i myślenia z pomocą funktora as [podobnie jak]. Niniejszy tekst przedstawia proces tej niezbornej redukcji sztuki do języka, ukazując niektóre jej konsekwencje oraz jej wyraźną granicę, jaką stał się kontekstualizm.
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