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Do exilu - Zdeněk Kryštůfek a ti druzí z Ústavu státu a práva ČSAV

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Kostlán A.

Právník. Teoretický časopis pro otázky státu a práva (The Lawyer - Scientific Review for Problems of State and Law)

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2021

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tom 160

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nr 10

793-821

EN

This study has two parts. The first one is particularly focused on Zdeněk Kryštůfek (1920–2011), a prominent Czech lawyer and political scientist, who had been working at the Institute of State and Law of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences until 1969 when he went into exile for political reasons. Later, he settled down in the USA, becoming a professor at the University of Colorado at Boulder, CO. The study reminds of his personal history: his imprisonment in a German concentration camp in 1939-1940, his uncertain existence in the first years after the communist coup in February 1948, and his scientific contributions, especially in the field of the history of political ideologies, development of legal positivism, legal sociology, and of the analysis of the functioning of totalitarian communist countries in the 20th century. In its second part, this study is dedicated to other persons originating from the Institute of State and Law of the Czechoslovak Academy of Sciences who also went into exile after August 1968. These included the international relations expert Jaroslav Žourek (1908–1979), political scientist Josef Pokštefl (1927–2013), political scientist and later semiologist Ivan Bystřina (1924–2004) as well as the political scientist and politician Zdeněk Mlynář (1930–1997). Their destinies and professional interests are summarized. Above all, however, it deals in a comparative way with the question of motivations that might have led them to leave their homeland.

CS

Tato studie má dvě části. V první z nich se zaměřuje na Zdeňka Kryštůfka (1920–2011), významného českého právníka a politologa, který působil až do roku 1969 v Ústavu státu a práva ČSAV, odkud pak odešel do politického exilu. Etabloval se později v USA a stal se profesorem University of Colorado v Boulderu. Studie připomíná jeho životní osudy (mimo jiné jeho věznění v německém koncentračním táboře v letech 1939–1940 a nejistou existenci v prvních letech po komunistickém převratu v únoru 1948) i jeho odborný přínos zejména na poli dějin politických ideologií, vývoje právního pozitivismu, právní sociologie a analýzy fungování totalitních komunistických států ve 20. století. V druhé části se tato studie obrací k dalším osobám, které po srpnu 1968 odešly z Ústavu státu a práva ČSAV do exilu. Patřili mezi ně odborník na mezinárodní vztahy Jaroslav Žourek (1908–1979), politolog Josef Pokštefl (1927–2013), politolog a později sémiolog Ivan Bystřina (1924–2004), jakož i politolog a politik Zdeněk Mlynář (1930–1997). Studie shrnuje jejich životní osudy a odborné zaměření. Především se však komparativním způsobem zabývá otázkou, které motivace je pravděpodobně dovedly k opuštění jejich vlasti.

2

Badania Mikołaja Witaszewskiego (1857–1918) nad kulturą muzyczną Jakutów

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Kondracka K.

Muzyka

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2020

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tom 65

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nr 3

150-168

EN

My article aims to present the research achievements of Polish exile Mikołaj Witaszewski, with particular emphasis on his music studies. The article consists of four sections. In the first (introduction) I present the researcher’s biography and the reasons why he found himself in Siberia. In the second, I discuss the songs reported by the Polish exile, and a systematic classification of oral music tradition. The third part is dedicated to shamanism and the functions of music in the shamanic ceremonies according to Witaszewski’s research. The last part presents his comments on the heroic epic known as olonho. The paper comes complete with texts of 19th-century Yakut songs in my own translation, and images of the shaman’s drum.

PL

Celem artykułu Badania Mikołaja Witaszewskiego nad muzyką Jakutów w XIX wieku jest przedstawienie dorobku naukowego polskiego zesłańca ze szczególnym uwzględnieniem informacji muzycznych. Artykuł składa się z czterech części. Pierwsza, będąca rodzajem wstępu, przedstawia biografię badacza oraz przyczyny, dla których Witaszewski znalazł się na Syberii. W części drugiej omówiono pieśni w relacji zesłańca oraz systematyzację twórczości ustnej. W części trzeciej ukazano szamanizm oraz funkcję muzyki w ceremonii szamańskiej według badań Witaszewskiego, zaś w czwartej – jego obserwacje na temat eposu heroicznego olonho. Artykuł wzbogacają teksty dziewiętnastowiecznych pieśni jakuckich w tłumaczeniu własnym oraz ilustracje bębna szamańskiego.

3

Administrace dezintegrované pražské diecéze za hustiských válek

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Vodička O.

Mediaevalia Historica Bohemica

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2017

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tom 20

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nr 2

153-187

EN

The study summrizes the current knowledge concerning the performance of ecclesiastical administration in the Prague diocese disrupted by the Hussite wars from the Zittau exile centre. It also provides a number of scattered documents on the everyday worries, disputes and life strategies of the Catholic clerby. it particularly focuses on the organizational and communication aspects of the issues, hence on the personnel composition and functioning of the so-called Zittau consistory, the possibilities and limits of the delegation of authority, correspondence dealing with the cases using messengers and the movement of the clergy within the diocese. Another circle of questions is the financial situation, hence which financial resources were available to the consistory and in what way the obligatory payments from the diocese were collected and paid. Using the rare documents, it also attempts to illustrate the everyday stereotype of the life of a Catholic clergyman in the shadow of the "great history" of the Hussite revolution.

4

Exile and Literature in the Prague German Magazine Die Wahrheit

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Zbytovský Š.

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nr 37

78-100

EN

This article shows how the topic of exile and exile literature was presented in the Prague magazine Die Wahrheit after Adolf Hitler came to power. Although Die Wahrheit was an expressly proCzechoslovak magazine, it focused on problematic aspects of the situation of German émigrés in the country, especially writers and other cultural actors. The article follows three interpretive models (Heinrich Heine, the ‘best Germany’, and ‘positive nomadism’), belonging to discursive formations in which the debate on the situation of exiles took place, shaping their self-understanding and ideas about possible solutions. The magazine’s critical attitudes towards the relationship between artistic exile and the Czechoslovak state are revealed on the example of debates about the (non) performance of Ferdinand Bruckner’s drama Die Rassen in Prague.

5

Zrození šedé z černé a bílé: pokus o historickou rekonstrukci pojmu šedá zóna

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Burget E.

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2021

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tom 69

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nr 4

425-452

EN

This study deals with the grey zone phenomenon in the context of literary life under late Communist rule during the 1970s and 1980s in Czechoslovakia. The aim of this text is to attempt to trace, using the method of historical reconstruction, how the concept of the grey zone was understood in Czech and Slovak society before 1989, especially in texts and discussions on dissent and exile that reflected the reality of normalization. These texts show that awarenesss of the grey zone played an essential role in the thinking of dissident and émigré authors, as it challenged bipolar schemes and blackand- white images of social reality in the Czechoslovakia of the time. However, this conception of the grey zone often contradicts today’s journalistic and specialist approaches, which tend to classify the grey zone as a silent or passive majority. This study shows that the definition of what we now call the grey zone was much broader.

6

Se raconter dans une langue qui est presque la sienne

100%

Papadima M.

Romanica Wratislaviensia

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2013

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tom 60

149 - 157

EN

This study focuses on authors who have chosen French as their language of expression, seeming, at least at first glance, to have turned their backs on their mother tongue. Two women authors are under scrutiny here, the Greek Blanche Molfessis and the Lebanese Vénus Khoury-Ghata, whose viewpoints intersect with Nancy Huston’s and Claude Esteban’s reflections on bilingualism. Each author’s knowledge of the French language, which derives from their own personal history — often following the course of History — seems to function as a mirror of the soul. It is a language of detachment and freedom, which ventures to articulate and elucidate the hidden childhood experiences and the recollection of the anguish of an unhealed wound. These two women writers do no write “French” but “in French”, in their own French language, which carries the visible marks of the other language, the other culture, the other country, or, in short, the Other which is at the origin of the “littérature-monde”.

7

Helfer, šnobl, plejer, dacan : Domácí beletrie šedesátých let očima exilových recenzentů

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Přibáň M.

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2016

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tom 64

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nr 1

23-34

EN

During the 1960s émigré publishers book output fell markedly, which contemporary émigré critics responded to by shifting their attention to fiction published by official domestic publishers. Although émigré critics, as opposed to those at home, were in direct contact with current developments in world literature, they did not know the conditions under which Czechoslovak authors were working (and in which Czechoslovak publishers were preparing their new books for publication) from their own experience. On the one hand this enabled them to see new Czech fiction in its worldwide context, but then again they often found themselves entirely outside the readers’ and writers’ communication axis (and communication codes). The author of this study clarifies the personnel situation in 1960s émigré criticism, its value criteria and complex relations with the developments at home that were slowly moving towards the Prague Spring in 1968.

CS

V šedesátých letech zřetelně poklesla knižní produkce exilových nakladatelství, na což soudobá exilová kritika reagovala tak, že svou pozornost přesunula k beletrii vycházející v oficiálních domácích nakladatelstvích. Exilová kritika byla sice na rozdíl od té domácí v přímém kontaktu s aktuálním vývojem světové literatury, z vlastní zkušenosti však neznala podmínky, v nichž tvořili domácí autoři (a v nichž domácí nakladatelé připravovali jejich nové knihy k vydání). To jí na jedné straně umožnilo vidět novinky české beletrie ve světových souvislostech, na druhé straně se však často ocitala zcela mimo komunikační osu (a komunikační kódy) spisovatelů a adresátů jejich děl. Autor studie objasňuje personální situaci exilové kritiky šedesátých let, její hodnotová kritéria a složitý vztah k domácímu vývoji, pomalu mířícímu k tzv. pražskému jaru 1968.

8

Small talk

85%

Przybylski R.

Przestrzenie Teorii

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2016

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nr 26

175-183

PL

The poem Small talk conjures up a communicative situation in which the main character, a newcomer from Poland, answers conventional questions related to their country. Bearing in mind the fact that this poem is set during a military dictatorship, superficial interest in his homeland may trigger a feeling of impatience. This is at least the impression formed if we adopt the perspective defined within the romantic tradition, and when taking into account the conventional poetry of martial law in Poland. Nevertheless, Barańczak retains an ironic distance towards such communicative situations and, as a consequence, does not create poetry that meets most readersʼ expectations. His poetic imperative for verbal art to be the expression of mistrust remains valid.

9

Que la mémoire parle ! La rupture du pacte de silence grâce au français dans Manèges de Laura Alcoba

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Guillard A.

Quêtes littéraires

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2022

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nr 12

196-209

EN

In this article, we will analyse the novel Manèges, written by the Franco-Argentinian author Laura Alcoba. More specifically, it is the connection with the French language, able as it is to echo the Argentinian memory, that will be the subject of this study. As she was silenced during her clandestine childhood in Buenos Aires, Laura Alcoba found an unhoped-for liberty in this language of exile, which sheemployed in order to put her experience, so far been silenced and unnamed, into words. As a medium of memory, the French language seems to be the only way to reconnect with the past whose expression in the mother tongue would probably be insuperable for the author. The distance created by French – synonymous with liberty and rebirth – from the Spanish language – synonymous with repression and silence – is the necessary condition for her memory to be finally able to speak.

FR

Dans cet article, nous proposons une analyse du roman Manèges de l’autrice franco-argentine Laura Alcoba. Plus précisément, c’est le rapport à la langue française en tant qu’évocatrice de la mémoire argentine qui nous intéresse. Réduite au silence durant son enfance clandestine à Buenos Aires, Laura Alcoba trouve dans cette langue de l’exil une liberté inespérée afin de mettre des mots sur une expérience jusqu’à présent tue et innommée. En tant que médiatrice de la mémoire, la langue française semble l’unique solution pour renouer avec un passé dont l’expression en version originale serait probablement insurmontable pour l’autrice. La distance créée par le français − synonyme de liberté et renaissance − vis à vis de l’espagnol – synonyme de répression et silence − est la condition sine qua non pour que la mémoire, enfin, parle.

10

Displaced persons jako samostatné badatelské téma?: k aktuálním trendům a otázkám ve výzkumu přemístěných osob

80%

Kasíková J.

Soudobé dějiny (Contemporary History)

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2023

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tom 30

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nr 2

567-578

EN

Displaced persons as a result of the Second World War have been the subject of long-term research, which has gradually developed into a stand-alone discipline. The author reflects on its development, current trends and future prospects. Using the examples of several thematic conferences abroad and the panel discussion at the Congress of Czech Historians in Ústí nad Labem in September 2022, she illustrates the specific areas of interest, the proclaimed challenges of the field, and possible interconnections with other topics. She finds the publishing and popularization activities of scholars studying the issue of displaced persons to be abundant while the occasional claims that Displaced Persons represent a new and still understudied topic sound somewhat contradictory today. According to the author, the main limitation to studying Displaced Persons as a stand-alone topic is that, in pursuit of a deeper understanding of the concept, Displaced Persons are often artificially sought where the category no longer fits and where an interdisciplinary or polythematic approach is preferable.

11

L’hypotypose ou l’image onirique de la mer dans Écailles Alexandrines de Mona Latif-Ghattas

71%

Basta G.

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nr 11

287-302

EN

Alexandrian Seashells is a poetic collection of Mona Latif-Ghattas, where we try to study the dream image of the sea; poet recounts her memories of youth, stranded as seashells on the beach. Hypotyposis is the best figure of speech that reflects poetic hallucinated impulses, symbolic elusive relationships or inexpressible feelings. Essentially descriptive, this figure is based on the observation of feelings, sensations or elusive impressions. It transmits the fleeting thoughts by its dynamic appearance. The multiple facets of hypotyposis, spread through the space-time items, include figures attached either to land, desert, beaches or fluid figures that derive their value from the sea. The hypotyposis is able to connect the lived memories with the emotional effect produced by the moment.

FR

Écailles Alexandrines, recueil poétique de Mona Latif-Ghattas, où l’on tente d’étudier l’image onirique de la mer; la poétesse y retrace ses souvenirs de jeunesse, ramassés comme des coquillages échoués sur les plages. L’hypotypose est la meilleure figure qui reflète les élans poétiques hallucinés, les rapports symboliques qui soulignent l’inexprimable. Essentiellement descriptive, elle se fonde sur l’observation des sentiments, des sensations ou des impressions mobiles et changeants. Les multiples facettes de l’hypotypose se répandent à travers les éléments spatiaux, regroupant les figures attachées soit à la terre, au désert, aux plages ou les figures fluides. L’hypotypose tresse les souvenirs vécus avec les états d’âme produits par l’effet du moment.

12

Hledání zbytků historické paměti v afropských identitách v díle Léonory Miano

70%

Vurm P.

Svět literatury – Časopis pro novodobé literatury (World of Literature – Journal for Modern Literatures)

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2020

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nr 61

139-147

EN

The paper analyzes in depth two works by the Cameroonian writer Léonora Miano. This author represents the contemporary migration writing coming from Subsaharan Africa, denotated sometimes as migritude and dealing with subjects such as migrations, exiles, hybridity, postcolonialism and post-postcolonialism and the individual vs collective experience. The paper focuses more closely on one particular aspect of her writing: the representation of the historical memory of Africa, through the newly established Afropean identity of her characters, who strive to find their place between Europe and Africa.